At the Council of Clermont in 1095, Adhemar showed great zeal for the crusade ( there is evidence Urban II had conferred with Adhemar before the council ) and having been named apostolic legate and appointed to lead the crusade by Pope Urban II, he accompanied Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, to the east.

In 1264 the new institution was approved by Urban IV.

A letter of Pope Urban IV suggests that by " immemorial custom ", seven princes had the right to elect the King and future Emperor.

An independent continuation appeared in the reign of Pope Eugene IV ( 1431 – 1447 ), appending biographies from Pope Urban V ( 1362 – 1370 ) to Pope Martin V ( 1417 – 1431 ), encompassing the period of the Western Schism.

* 1095 – On the last day of the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II appoints Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy and Count Raymond IV of Toulouse to lead the First Crusade to the Holy Land.

Rosemary and Darroll Pardoe, authors of The Female Pope: The Mystery of Pope Joan, theorize that if a female pope did exist, a more plausible time frame is 1086 and 1108, when there were several Antipopes ; during this time the reign of the legitimate Popes Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II was not always established in Rome, since the city was occupied by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and later sacked by the Normans.

In 1261 he was created Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin by Pope Urban IV, who also appointed him papal prefect in Tuscany and captain of the papal army.

He was especially devoted to the order founded by William X of Aquitaine and added numerous privileges to those they had already received from Alexander IV and Urban IV.

In December 1261, the new French Pope, Urban IV made him cardinal-priest, with the titulus of the church of St. Cecilia.

He returned to France as a legate for Urban IV and also for his successor Pope Clement IV in 1264 – 1269 and again in 1274 – 1279 under Pope Gregory X.

His rise was rapid: in 1257, he was appointed Bishop of Le Puy ; in 1259, he was appointed Archbishop of Narbonne ; and in December 1261, he became the first cardinal created by Pope Urban IV, for the See of Sabina.

Pope Urban IV ( c. 1195 – 2 October 1264 ), born Jacques Pantaléon, was Pope from 1261 to 1264.

Urban IV was the son of a cobbler of Troyes, France.

He chose the regnal name of Urban IV.

The festival of Corpus Christi (" the Body of Christ ") was instituted by Urban IV in 1264.

Italy commanded Urban IV's near full attention: the long confrontation with the late Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II had not been pressed during the mild pontificate of Alexander IV, during which it devolved into inter-urban struggles between nominally pro-Imperial Ghibellines and even more nominally pro-papal Guelf factions.

Any Hohenstaufen in Sicily was bound to have claims over the cities of Lombardy, and as a check to Manfred, Urban IV introduced Charles of Anjou into the equation to place the crown of the Two Sicilies in the hands of a monarch amenable to papal control.

For two years Urban IV negotiated with Manfred regarding whether Manfred would aid the Latins in regaining Constantinople in return for papal confirmation of the Hohenstaufen rights in the realm.

Before the arrival in Italy of his candidate Charles, Urban IV died at Perugia on 2 October 1264.

Tannhäuser, a prominent German Minnesänger and poet, was a contemporary of Pope Urban IV — the pope died in 1264, and the Minnesänger died shortly after 1265.

After leaving the Venusberg, Tannhäuser is filled with remorse and travels to Rome to ask Pope Urban IV if it is possible to be absolved of his sins.

Born in Milan, Goffredo or Godfrey is often referred to as son of a sister of Pope Urban III, but this claim is without foundation.

This had been attempted by Gregory's predecessor, Urban V, without success.

Immediately following his election, Urban began preaching intemperately to the cardinals ( some of whom < ref > Barbara W. Tuchman, A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14 < sup > th </ sup > Century, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1978, pp 330 – 331 </ ref > thought the delirium of power had made Urban mad and unfit for rule ), insisting that the business of the Curia should be carried on without gratuities and gifts, forbidding the cardinals to accept annuities from rulers and other lay persons, condemning the luxury of their lives and retinues, and the multiplication of benefices and bishoprics in their hands.

* 1261 – August 29 – Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first.

* August 29 – Pope Urban IV succeeds Pope Alexander IV as the 182nd pope, the last man to do so without being a cardinal first.

In 1642, Pope Urban VIII followed up with a papal bull entitled In eminenti, which condemned Augustinus on the grounds that ( 1 ) it was published in violation of the order that no works concerning grace should be published without the prior permission of the Holy See ; and ( 2 ) the work repeated several errors of Baianism which had been condemned by Pope Pius V's 1567 bull, Ex omnibus afflictionibus.

The bishop was induced to issue an edict which prohibited from preaching all who were not in priest's orders, and an appeal to Urban VI was without effect.

Urban areas produce light pollution so equipment and observatories doing astronomical imaging are located in remote locations to allow long exposures without the film or detectors being swamped with stray light.

Urban populations in Victorian Britain demanded ever-increasing quantities of cheap, varied, quality food that they could keep at home without having to go shopping daily.

Perhaps with the wisdom of hindsight, Robert makes Urban advise that none but knights should go, not the old and feeble, nor priests without the permission of their bishops, " for such are more of a hindrance than aid, more of a burden than advantage ... nor ought women to set out at all, without their husbands or brothers or legal guardians.

At the 2001 census ( according to the Office for National Statistics ), the Dudley Urban Sub-Area had a population of 194, 919, with the wider metropolitan borough having an estimated population of 312, 900 as of the 2011 census, making it one of the most populous districts in England, the second largest town in the United Kingdom behind Reading, and the largest UK borough without its own university.

Urban design features that may appear to be simple conveniences for persons without disabilities are often essential to anyone who has a disability.

Urban owners without access to livestock are able to teach basic commands through herding games.

A pneumonia and bronchial congestion cut short his pursuit of a doctorate in divinity at the Pontifical Urban Athenaeum, forcing him to return to the United States in 1885 without his degree.

It was reported favorably out of the U. S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs without amendment on July 29, 2005.

l, 400ff ) and Thierricus Vallicoloris, who, in his life of the pope in Latin verse, describes in detail all the events of the pontiff's stay at Orvieto, referring elsewhere also to the devotion of Urban in celebrating the Mass, and to the institution of the Feast of Corpus Christi, without at any time making allusion to a miracle at Bolsena.

The 2-door was dropped beginning with 2007 model, leaving Toyota without a mini SUV until the 2009 Toyota Urban Cruiser, which is sold in Europe, North America ( as Scion xD ) and Japan ( as Toyota ist ).

The hoax circulated around Greek websites and was widely reproduced without verification by many reputable sources from newspapers to the then Minister for National Education and Religious Affairs ( see Urban legend spread bellow ).

Spada successfully negotiated a truce but when the pope's military leaders became aware that the dukes were massing troops to counter their own ( in case discussions with Spada came to naught ), Urban VIII declared the articles of peace null and void and claimed Spada had negotiated them without his consent.

** Urban adult contemporary ( Urban AC )-R & B, soul and sometimes gospel music, without rap

The Baiyoke Sky Hotel website itself lists the height without the antenna as 309 m ( 1, 014 ft ), but the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat ( CTBUH ), Emporis, and SkyscraperPage list it as 304 m ( 997 ft ).