Using the once popular vortex theory of gravity, the possibility of matter with negative gravity was discussed by William Hicks in the 1880s.

Using terms from formal language theory, the precise mathematical definition of this concept is as follows: Let S and T be two finite sets, called the source and target alphabets, respectively.

Using the language of category theory, many areas of mathematical study can be cast into appropriate categories, such as the categories of all sets, groups, topologies, and so on.

Using Huygens ' theory and the principle of superposition of waves, the complex amplitude at a further point P is found by summing the contributions from each point on the sphere of radius r < sub > 0 </ sub >.

Using a statistical description for data, information theory quantifies the number of bits needed to describe the data, which is the information entropy of the source.

Using quantum theory Dirac showed that if magnetic monopoles exist, then one could explain the quantization of electric charge --- that is, why the observed elementary particles carry charges that are multiples of the charge of the electron.

Using an early theory of inertia, Galileo could explain why rocks dropped from a tower fall straight down even if the earth rotates.

Using Bayesian reasoning, a simple theory is preferred to a complicated one because of a higher prior probability.

Using these simulations in a training program allows for the application of theory into a something akin to real life.

Using Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of the carnivalesque, Jungian and historical writings on the images of the fool in myth and history, and ruminations on the mingling of ecstasy and dread in the Information Age, Dery asserts the evil clown is an icon of our times.

Using the Coupon collector's problem in probability theory, it can be shown that it takes, on average, 72 questions of the Magic 8 Ball for all 20 of its answers to appear at least once.

Using Galois theory, certain problems in field theory can be reduced to group theory, which is in some sense simpler and better understood.

Using Kaldor – Hicks efficiency, an outcome is more efficient if those that are made better off could in theory compensate those that are made worse off, so that a Pareto improving outcome results.

Using Kuratowski's representation for an ordered pair, the second definition above can be reformulated in terms of pure set theory:

* Algorithm design – Using ideas from algorithm theory to creatively design solutions to real tasks.

* Reynolds, John C. Using category theory to design implicit conversions and generic operators.

Using theory and methods drawn from such behavioral sciences as industrial / organizational psychology, industrial sociology, communication, cultural anthropology, administrative theory, organizational behavior, economics, and political science, the change agent's main function is to help the organization define and solve its own problems.

Using game theory, they added the concept of complementors ( also called " the 6th force "), helping to explain the reasoning behind strategic alliances.

** Protective Coating: Bearing the Weight of Pynchon Using the Spectrum of Freud's Insight An analysis of Pynchon's use of parody in relation to Freudian theory

Using perturbation theory, we can use the known solutions of these simple Hamiltonians to generate solutions for a range of more complicated systems.

Using this theory one would expect that there would be considerably more high-energy light than low-energy, due to the presence of stars and other hot bodies.

Using these inhibitors it was discovered that cells can die while displaying a morphology similar to apoptosis without caspase activation.

Using X-ray crystallography, the structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick with the help of previously documented experimental evidence by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin.

Using this setup, he discovered the direct proportionality between the intensity of light and the induced photo electric current ( the first law of photoeffect or Stoletov's law ).

Using satellite images, researchers discovered that city climates have a noticeable influence on plant growing seasons up to 10 kilometers ( 6 mi ) away from a city's edges.

Using electron microscopy but working independently, they were discovered in 1967 by H. Clarke Anderson and Ermanno Bonucci.

Using this as an advance dive base, the Tenth and then Eleventh Chambers were discovered.

Using Carnap's formula for induction, he finds that the probability that all ravens are black decreases from 0. 9985 to 0. 8995 when it is discovered that one of the two objects is a black raven.

" Using a 50 power refracting telescope that he designed himself, Huygens also discovered the first of Saturn's moons, Titan.

Using a modified form of IP < sub > 3 </ sub >, it was discovered that all three phosphate groups interact with the receptor, but not equally.

Using a hangover cure discovered on Blood Island, he becomes an adult again and gets on the Rollercoaster of Death to confront LeChuck.

Using classical names like Myrrha, Juno, and Vesta when naming minor planets was standard custom at the time when Myrrha was discovered.

" Using modern computer programs, Gingerich discovered that, at the time of the conjunction, Saturn indeed lagged behind the tables by a degree and a half and Mars led the predictions by nearly two degrees.

Using the latter approach, the suspected major lineages of the Furnariinae ( foliage-gleaners, spinetails, and true ovenbirds ) were confirmed, but some new lineages were discovered and the relationships of several genera had to be revised ( Fjeldså et al., 2005 ).

Using psychohistory, Seldon has discovered the declining nature of the Empire, angering the aristocratic members of the Committee of Public Safety, the de facto rulers of the Empire.

Using Painter's technique they studied the polytene chromosomes and discovered that the wild populations were polymorphic for chromosomal inversions.

Using heuristic evaluation prior to user testing will reduce the number and severity of design errors discovered by users.

Using Painter's technique they studied the polytene chromosomes and discovered that the wild populations were polymorphic for chromosomal inversions.

Using the three-letter poly-U experiment as a model, the research team discovered that AAA ( three adenosines ) was the code word or " codon " for the amino acid lysine, and CCC ( three cytosines ) was the code word for proline.

Using such design, Nikos Logothetis and colleagues discovered perception-reflecting neurons in the temporal lobe.

Using Painter's technique they studied the polytene chromosomes and discovered that all the wild populations were polymorphic for chromosomal inversions.

Using her powers of telepathy, Imra discovered the plot, and, with the help of two other teenagers on board, Lightning Lad and Cosmic Boy, caught the assassin and saved Brande's life.

Using next generation DNA sequencing, it was discovered that 97 % of granulosa cell tumours contain an identical mutation in the FOXL2 gene.

Using these instruments, Suomi and his team discovered that the Earth absorbed more of the Sun's energy than originally thought and demonstrated that it was possible to measure and quantify seasonal changes in the global heat budget.

Using this method, they discovered shahtoosh contains coarser guard hairs unique to the species.