Vacuum flasks are used domestically to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods, and for many purposes in industry.

Vacuum flasks are commonly made of metal, glass, foam, or plastic, and have their opening stoppered with cork or plastic.

Vacuum flasks are commonly used as insulated shipping containers.

Vacuum flasks are used to maintain their contents ( often but not always liquid ) at a temperature higher or lower than ambient temperature, while retaining the ambient pressure of approximately 1 atmosphere ( 14. 7 psi ).

Vacuum flasks have been used to house standard cells, and ovenized Zener diodes, along with their printed circuit board, in precision voltage regulating devices used as electrical standards.

Vacuum flasks are an implosion hazard, and especially glass vessels can shatter violently.

Vacuum flasks, or Dewars, are silvered to approach this ideal.

Vacuum, rather than compressed air, was preferred because steam locomotives can be fitted with ejectors ; venturi devices that create vacuum without moving parts.

Vacuum brazing is often conducted in a furnace ; this means that several joints can be made at once because the whole workpiece reaches the brazing temperature.

Vacuum evaporators as a class function because lowering the pressure above a bulk liquid lowers the boiling points of the component liquids in it.

He was known as the " Human Vacuum Cleaner " because of his fielding ability at third base.

Vacuum is preferred, because it allows lower temperatures.

Vacuum pumps are used in many industrial and scientific processes including:

Vacuum chambers can be constructed of many materials.

Vacuum distillation increases the relative volatility of the key components in many applications.

Some of these major employers included: Sears & Roebuck, Canada Dry, Mrs. Pauls, Stokes Vacuum, 3M, Bond Bread, Exide Battery, among many others.

Vacuum tubes and sprytrons are some of the electronic switching and amplifying devices based on vacuum conductivity.

* The Comprise, a computer-mediated hive mind which has taken over Earth, in the novel Vacuum Flowers by Michael Swanwick.

* Oil Diffusion pumps by Donald M. Mattox, Technical Director of The Society of Vacuum Coaters

Laboratory display of distillation: 1: A heating device 2: Still pot 3: Still head 4: Thermometer / Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: Cooling water out 8: Distillate / receiving flask 9: Vacuum / gas inlet 10: Still receiver 11: Heat control 12: Stirrer speed control 13: Stirrer / heat plate 14: Heating ( Oil / sand ) bath 15: Stirring means e. g. ( shown ), boiling chips or mechanical stirrer 16: Cooling bath.

Short path vacuum distillation apparatus with vertical condenser ( cold finger ), to minimize the distillation path ; 1: Still pot with stirrer bar / anti-bumping granules 2: Cold finger – bent to direct condensate 3: Cooling water out 4: cooling water in 5: Vacuum / gas inlet 6: Distillate flask / distillate.

– N. 6 – Series: “ Vacuum, pure materials, superconductors ” ( 19 ).

Vacuum tubes use the flow of electrons to manipulate electrical signals, and they played a critical role in the development of electronics technology.

Vacuum tubes were one of the earliest electronic components.

Vacuum tubes are still used in some specialist applications such as high power RF amplifiers, cathode ray tubes, specialist audio equipment and some microwave devices.

* 1831 – Hiram Bond Everest, American co-founder of The Vacuum Oil Company ( d. 1913 )

* Human Exposure to Vacuum web page, discussing the effects of vacuum on an unprotected human.

Vacuum tube ( thermionic valve ) amplifiers gave way to solid state transistors, and then rapidly to integrated circuits which continue to improve, placing millions of electrical switches ( typically transistors ) on a single elaborately manufactured piece of semi-conductor the size of a fingernail.

Vacuum pumps were added to the tubing systems, and preheaters were developed to recycle heat lost in the steam.

In 1931, Socony merged with Vacuum Oil to form Socony-Vacuum.

Vacuum Oil Company started selling lubricating oils in Europe in the late 19th century.

The Vacuum Oil Company began operating in Australia in 1895, introducing its Plume brand of petrol in 1916.

* Vacuum tubes create a distortion, the so-called tube sound, that some people find to be more tolerable to the ear.

* Vacuum channel transistor: In 2012, NASA and the National Nanofab Center in South Korea were reported to have built a prototype vacuum channel transistor in only 150 nanometers in size, can be manufactured cheaply using standard silicon semiconductor processing, can operate at high speeds even in hostile environments, and could consume just as much power as a standard transistor.

Vacuum tubes are obsolete in consumer electronics, having been replaced by solid-state devices.

Vacuum tubes are thus used for rectification, amplification, switching, or similar processing or creation of electrical signals.

Vacuum tubes were critical to the development of electronic technology, which drove the expansion and commercialization of radio broadcasting, television, radar, sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction, large telephone networks, analog and digital computers, and industrial process control.

Vacuum tube diode: electrons from the hot cathode flow towards the positive anode, but not vice versa.

Vacuum tube triode: voltage applied to the grid controls plate ( anode ) current.

These compressors are generally smaller and less powerful because the volume of gas they deliver is not so critical ; a lower volume compressor can be used to fill large storage flasks during the long periods of the day when demand is low.

* Erlenmeyer flask in 1861 by German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer ( 1825 – 1909 )-is shaped like a cone, usually completed by the ground joint, the conical flasks are very popular because of their low price ( they are easy to manufacture ) and portability