Venera 11 lander

The Venera 11 lander operated for at least 95 minutes but neither camera's lens cap released.

The design was changed for Venera 11 and 12, but this change made the problem worse and all cameras failed on those missions.

* Cosmos 21 – 11 November 1963 – Attempted Venera test flight?

* Venera 11 – 9 September 1978 – Venus flyby and lander

** Venera 11

** Venera 11

The strongest evidence for lightning on Venus comes from the impulsive electromagnetic waves detected by Venera 11 and 12 landers.

Venera 16 was launched on June 7, 1983 at 02: 32: 00 UTC and reached Venus ' orbit on October 11, 1983.

The Venera 11 () was a USSR unmanned space mission part of the Venera program to explore the planet Venus.

Venera 11 was launched on 9 September 1978 at 3: 25: 39 UTC.

Venera 11 flight platform carried solar wind detectors, ionosphere electron instruments and two gamma ray burst detectors-the Soviet-built KONUS and the French-built SIGNE 2.

Before and after Venus flyby, Venera 11 and Venera 12 yielded detailed time-profiles for 143 gamma-ray bursts, resulting in the first ever catalog of such events.

The last gamma-ray burst reported by Venera 11 occurred on January 27, 1980

Both Venera 11 and Venera 12 had landers with two cameras, each designed for color imaging, though Soviet literature does not mention them.

es: Venera 11

eu: Venera 11

it: Venera 11 e 12

no: Venera 11

pt: Venera 11

tl: Venera 11

Identical instruments were carried on Venera 11 and 12.

* February 12 – The U. S. S. R. launches Venera 1 towards Venus.

Venera 1 was launched on February 12, 1961.

Venera 2 launched on November 12, 1965, but also suffered a telemetry failure after leaving Earth orbit.

The Venera 9 to 12 probes were of a different design.

The Venera 12 lander operated for at least 110 minutes but neither camera's lens cap released.

The design was similar to the earlier Venera 9 – 12 landers.

* Venera 1 – 12 February 1961 – Venus flyby ( contact lost before flyby )

* Venera 2 – 12 November 1965 – Venus flyby ( contact lost )

* Venera 4 – 12 June 1967 – First Venus atmospheric probe

* Venera 12 – 14 September 1978 – Venus flyby and lander

Venera 1 stampOn February 12, 1961, 00: 34: 36 UTC, was the first planetary probe launched to Venus by the Soviet Union.

** Venera 12

** Venera 12

The SIGNE 2 detectors were simultaneously flown on Venera 12 and Prognoz 7 to allow triangulation of gamma ray sources.

oc: Venera 12

The Venera 12 () was an USSR unmanned space mission to explore the planet Venus.

Venera 12 was launched on 14 September 1978 at 02: 25: 13 UTC.

During the Soviet Venera and U. S. Pioneer missions of the 1970s and ' 80s, signals suggesting lightning may be present in the upper atmosphere were detected.

* 1970 – Soviet spacecraft Venera 7 successfully land on Venus.

* 1961 – U. S. S. R. launches Venera 1 towards Venus.

Space probes have been placed into orbit around all the five planets known to the ancients: first Mars ( Mariner 9, 1971 ), then Venus ( Venera 9, 1975 ; but landings on Venus and atmospheric probes were performed even earlier ), Jupiter ( Galileo, 1995 ), Saturn ( Cassini / Huygens, 2004 ), and most recently Mercury ( MESSENGER, March 2011 ), and have returned data about these bodies and their natural satellites.

Remotely-controlled landers such as Viking, Pathfinder and the two Mars Exploration Rovers have landed on the surface of Mars and several Venera and Vega spacecraft have landed on the surface of Venus.

* 1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.

* 1969 – Venera program: Soviet Venera 6 begins its descent into the atmosphere of Venus, sending back atmospheric data before being crushed by pressure.

* 1969 – Venera program: Venera 5, a Soviet spaceprobe, lands on Venus.

* 1965 – Venera program: the Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe toward Venus, that will be the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.

* 1975 – The Soviet unmanned space mission Venera 9 lands on Venus.

* January 5 – The Soviet Union launches Venera 5 toward Venus.

** The Soviet Union launches Venera 6 toward Venus.

* May 16 – Venera program: Venera 5, a Soviet spaceprobe, lands on Venus.

* May 17 – Venera program: Soviet probe Venera 6 begins to descend into Venus ' atmosphere, sending back atmospheric data before being crushed by pressure.

* May 19 – Venera 1 becomes the first man-made object to fly-by another planet by passing Venus ( however, the probe had lost contact with Earth a month earlier and does not send back any data ).

** Soviet space probe Venera 3 crashes on Venus, becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.

** The USSR's Venera 7 becomes the first spacecraft to land successfully on Venus and transmit data back to Earth.

* November 16 – Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe from Baikonur, Kazakhstan toward Venus ( on March 1, 1966 it became the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet ).