Current popular hammock styles include the Spreader-bar, Mayan, Brazilian, naval, Nicaraguan, Venezuelan ( Jungle ), and travel hammocks.

In power, he has made alliances with fellow Latin American socialists, namely Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, and signed Nicaragua up to the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas.

The following year a smaller force led by Charles Knowles made raids upon the Venezuelan coast, attacking La Guaira in February 1743 and Puerto Cabello in April, though neither operation was particularly successful.

( see also Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies ) Although Spain claimed the entire Caribbean, they settled only the larger islands of Hispaniola ( 1493 ), Puerto Rico ( 1508 ), Jamaica ( 1509 ), Cuba ( 1511 ), and Trinidad ( 1530 ), although the Spanish made an exception in the case of the small ' pearl islands ' of Cubagua and Margarita off the Venezuelan coast because of their valuable pearl beds which were worked extensively between 1508 and1530.

Venezuelan Trotskyist organizations do not regard Chávez as a Trotskyist, with some describing him as a bourgeois nationalist and other considering him an honest revolutionary leader who has made major mistakes because he lacks a Marxist analysis.

Tovar Brewery, the first Venezuelan beer made in Colonia Tovar in 1843, arrived as soon as the founders.

Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, who is himself of Spanish, indigenous and African ancestry, has made positive references to the mixed-race ancestry of most Latin Americans from time to time.

The Venezuelan hammock's panels were always made of breathable material, necessary to prevent the onset of fungal infections caused by constant rain and high humidity.

From 2000 until present, a lot of Venezuelan artists have made a strong movement into different underground music styles.

This made Páez and some Venezuelan politicians uncomfortable.

Then in 1826, after the Congress in Santa Fe de Bogotá under Santander found a Venezuelan hero from the independence war guilty of assassinating the French Colonel Emanuel Roergas Serviez in Colombia, Páez initiated and led a movement that became known as " La Cosiata " ( a word that has never existed in Spanish language and that at the time was made up to refer to this movement and meaning something along the lines of " that weird thing without a name ").

On return to the West Indies, Stirling made two surveys of the Venezuelan coast and reported on the strengths, attitudes and dispositions of the Spanish government and various revolutionary factions, later playing a role in the British negotiations with these groups.

Like the North American word cowboy, the Chilean huaso, the Cuban guajiro, the Venezuelan or Colombian llanero or the Mexican charro, the term often connotes the 19th century more than the present day ; then gauchos made up the majority of the rural population, herding cattle on the vast estancias, and practising hunting as their main economic activities.

The Oregon National Guard made Malone an honorary member after the U. S. national team beat the Venezuelan team 127 – 80 in the gold-medal game of the 1992 Olympic qualifier tournament.

Thinner and more acidic, Guasacaca is a Venezuelan avocado-based sauce ; it is made with vinegar, and is served over parrillas ( grilled food ), arepas, empanadas and various other dishes.

To distinguish the types of empanadas in Venezuela, it is common to call those made with a wheat flour-based dough ( or pastry ) and baked empanada Chilena ; Venezuelan empanadas are made with a corn flour-based dough.

Following controversial remarks made by Robertson on the former program about Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, as well as other equally controversial comments regarding gays, feminists, Muslims, abortion, and many other social issues, ABC Family moved to distance itself from the program ( the showing of which is also required under Robertson's original sale stipulations, along with the airing of a day-long CBN telethon which airs the week before the Super Bowl every year ); On August 29, 2005, ABC Family changed the disclaimers before, during, and after the broadcasts from " The following / preceding program is / was brought to you by CBN " to " The following / preceding CBN telecast does not reflect the views of ABC Family.

In 1998, Alicia made her debut on the popular Venezuelan soap opera Samantha in the titular role.

From there he made his way south to Tunja, where General Nariño put him in command of the military district of Socorro, near the Venezuelan border.

In a press conference in late 2007, he criticized Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, calling him " undemocratic " in the wake of a petition made by Venezuelan citizens to prevent Chávez from running for re-election.

He also made presidential bids on three occasions: in the Venezuelan presidential election, 1973 and Venezuelan presidential election, 1978 as candidate of MAS-Movimiento al Socialismo ( Movement for Socialism ), and in the Venezuelan presidential election, 1983 as candidate of MEP-Movimiento Electoral del Pueblo.

The most famous Margarita necklace that any one can see today is the one that then Venezuelan President Romulo Betancourt gave to Jacqueline Kennedy when she and her husband, President John F. Kennedy paid an official visit to Venezuela.

Venezuelan Spanish and American English are constant influences today.

A filled arepa is called an arepa rellena or a Venezuelan tostada, although the latter term is not commonly used today.

Listed below are the 28 categories tabulated in the 2000 United States Census: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican Republic ; Central American: Costa Rican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Nicaraguan, Panamanian, Salvadoran, Other Central American ; South American: Argentinian, Bolivian, Chilean, Colombian, Ecuadorian, Paraguayan, Peruvian, Uruguayan, Venezuelan, Other South American ; Other Hispanic or Latino: Spaniard, Spanish, Spanish American, All other Hispanic or Latino.

The ABC islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao are in the Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast, and the SSS islands of Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are in the Leeward Islands southeast of the Virgin Islands.

For example, the flags of Venezuela, of Colombia, and of Ecuador all use variants of the flag of Great Colombia, the country they composed upon their independence from Spain, created by the Venezuelan independence hero Francisco de Miranda ; and the flags of Egypt, of Iraq, of Syria, and of Yemen are all highly similar variants of the flag of the Arab revolt of 1916 – 1918.

Trinidad is traversed by three distinct mountain ranges that are a continuation of the Venezuelan coastal cordillera.

The major Venezuelan newspapers are El Nacional, Últimas Noticias and El Universal ; all of which are private companies and based in Caracas.

Telenovelas are popular in Venezuela, and some Venezuelan productions ( such as 1992's Cara Sucia ) are distributed internationally.

By Venezuelan decree, uniforms are required at all schools in all grades.

Annual averages on the coast near the Venezuelan border are near, farther east at New Amsterdam, between in southern Guyana's Rupununi Savannah.

Some examples of important biodiversity and / or high endemism ecosystems are: El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico, Costa Rican and Nicaraguan rainforests, Brazilian and Venezuelan Amazon Rainforest territories, Madagascar dry deciduous forests, Waterberg Biosphere of South Africa and eastern Madagascar rainforests.

Ribavirin is the only known treatment for a variety of viral hemorrhagic fevers, including Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infection, although data regarding these infections are scarce and the drug might be effective only in early stages.

Most of the important Venezuelan rivers are tributaries of the Orinoco, the largest being the Caroní, which joins it at Puerto Ordaz, close to the Llovizna Falls.

Because of its high level of pectin, guavas are extensively used to make candies, preserves, jellies, jams, and marmalades ( such as Brazilian goiabada and Colombian and Venezuelan bocadillo ), and also for juices and aguas frescas.

Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas ( adding their existing Hispanic populations ), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland.

In the early 21th century, the inhabitants of Tovar are integrated into Venezuelan culture, without abandoning their customs immigration.

Venezuelan states are subdivided into " municipalities " ( Spanish municipios ), which may correspond to either or both of county and city in English-speaking countries.

Other forms of Venezuelan folk music are tensively recorded and researched due to the work of Caracas-based Fundación Bigott.

Venezuela has also produced classical composers such as: Antonio Lauro, Moisés Moleiro, Teresa Carreño ( who was also a world-renowned pianist ), Gustavo Dudamel and Eduardo Marturet ( who are primarily international conductors ), Antonio Estévez, Federico Ruiz ( who also works with other genres ) and Vicente Emilio Sojo ( known for his contributions to Venezuelan musicology and music education ).

His most recognized works are: The Aguinaldo Que Navidad part of the Venezuelan Christmas repertoire and interpreted by the mezzosoprano Morella Muñoz, Cantata infantil Simón Bolívar, Misa de Mi Tierra among others.

Other Venezuelan musicians of note are: Alberto Naranjo, Cheo Hurtado, Hernán Gamboa, Gualberto Ibarreto, Rudy Regalado, Juan Carlos Salazar, Huáscar Barradas, Cecilia Todd, Soledad Bravo, Vidal Colmenares, María Teresa Chacín, Italo Pizzolante and Luis Silva as well as the groups Serenata Guayanesa, Guaco, Ensamble Gurrufio, Malegua and Simón Diaz.

* Mexican and Venezuelan soap operas become popular during daytime TV while Puerto Rican soap operas are shown in primetime with big ratings.

Among the scientific publications of this famous Venezuelan are The Elements of Bacteriology ( 1906 ), About the Angina Pectoris of Malaric Origin ( 1909 ) and The Elements of Philosophy ( 1912 ).