By this time, the forces of independence had grown continental in scope and were organized into two principal armies, one under the Venezuelan Simón Bolívar in the north and the other under the Argentine José de San Martín in the south.

By 1963 a quarter of Venezuelan households had television ; a figure rising to 45 % by 1969 and 85 % by 1982.

By 1963 a quarter of Venezuelan households had television ; a figure rising to 45 % by 1969 and 85 % by 1982.

By 1999 most of the Venezuelan activity had disappeared.

By August 2005 the Venezuelan authorities had detained Giovani José Vásquez De Armas, a self-confessed former member of the Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia ( AUC ), the Colombian right-wing paramilitary organization.

By 1850, he had resigned his commission in the Venezuelan army to concentrate on the manufacture of his bitters, since by then demand had leapt ahead of supply.

By 1997 they made the first batch in a small South San Francisco factory using vintage German equipment and basic ingredients including Venezuelan Criollo beans and whole Tahitian vanilla.

By 1999, 67. 7 % of the Venezuelan population was living in poverty, from 44. 4 % in 1990.

By 2003, primary medical care coverage was achieved for 70 % of the Venezuelan population for whom primary care was previously unavailable, representing over 18m people.

By a public decree, this fine work was placed in one of the stanze of the Vatican hitherto reserved for the most precious works of antiquity.

By decree of pope Leo X they were created papal nobles, ranking as Comes palatinus (' Count Palatine '), familiars and members of the papal household, so that they might enjoy all the privileges of domestic prelates and of prelates in actual attendance on the Pope, as regards plurality of benefices as well as expectives.

By a decree of 27 December 1999, the constitution was suspended and all the institutions of government were dissolved.

By 1982, the perceived passivity of the FARC, together with the relative success of the government's efforts against the M-19 and ELN, enabled the administration of the Liberal Party's Julio César Turbay ( 1978 – 1982 ) to lift a state-of-siege decree that had been in effect, on and off, for most of the previous 30 years.

Of oil merchants in Baku Çelebi writes: " By Allah's decree petroleum bubbles up out of the ground, but in the manner of hot springs, pools of water are formed with petroleum congealed on the surface like cream.

By papal decree, the property of the Templars was transferred to the Order of Hospitallers, which also absorbed many of the Templars ' members.

By decree of the President of the Italian Republic of 2 June 2010, Kabir Bedi was officially knighted.

By decree of Ptolemy III Euergetes, all visitors to the city were required to surrender all books and scrolls, as well as any form of written media in any language in their possession which, according to Galen, were listed under the heading " books of the ships ".

By one of Athalaric's own additions to the decree, it was decided that if a disputed election was carried before the Gothic officials of Ravenna by the Roman clergy and people, three thousand solidi would have to be paid into court.

By the Khan's decree, the school also was exempt from taxation.

By decree of Pope Pius XII in 1949, the remains of Pius VI were moved to the Chapel of the Madonna below St. Peter's in the Papal Grotto.

By a presidential decree, the Brouwez House, site of Lumumba's brutal torture on the night of his murder, became a place of pilgrimage in the Congo.

By a decree of 5 May 2000, the Second Sunday of Easter ( the Sunday after Easter Day itself ), is known also in the Roman Rite as Divine Mercy Sunday.

By decree of the emperor Francis I of Austria in the year 1816 Monza officially became a city.

By public decree temples, priests, and sacrifices were accorded her.

: By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory, some men and angels are predestinated unto everlasting life, and others foreordained to everlasting death.

By decree of the Holy See, the Augustinian Order is granted exempt status, which places it under the direct dependence of the Pope, meaning that bishops have no jurisdiction with regards to the internal affairs of the Order.

By a decree of July 6, 1785, the value of the United States dollar was set to approximately match the Spanish dollar, both of which were based on the weight of silver in the coins.

By decree of 25 December 1803 the Mamluks were organized into a company attached to the Chasseurs-à-Cheval of the Imperial Guard.

By 1774, when a decree ended indentured servitude for whites, there were some 18 to 19 million coffee trees on the island.

" By a decree of 4 February 1794 ( 16 pluviôse ) it also ratified and expanded to the whole French colonial empire the 1793 abolition of slavery on Saint-Domingue by civil commissioners Sonthonax and Polverel, though this did not affect Martinique or Guadeloupe and was abolished by the law of 20 May 1802.

By a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Ceremonial of 31 December 1930 the Holy See granted bishops of the Roman Catholic Church the title of Most Reverend Excellency ( Latin, Excellentia Reverendissima ).

* By declaring that the revised liturgy of the Mass promulgated and defended by these popes is evil, they teach that the Church can decree evil and has decreed evil.

By a decree of the oracle of Dodona, which required the Athenians to grant land for a shrine or temple her cult was introduced into Attica by immigrant Thracian residents, and, though Thracian and Athenian processions remained separate, both cult and festival became so popular that in Plato's time ( ca.

By 2010, the percentage of U. S. public schools requiring uniforms had increased from 3 % in 1996 to 25 %.

By the time of the Industrial Revolution, Dewsbury was a centre for the " shoddy " and " mungo " industries which recycled woollen items by mixing them with new wool and making heavy blankets and uniforms.

By contrast, in the 1780s Russian General Potemkin abhorred the tight uniforms and uncomfortable wigs and powdered coiffures worn by his soldiers and instigated a complete revision of both.

By this point, all political leaders wore official uniforms, with the piping and background color of the uniform collar tabs indicating which level of the Party ( Local, County, Regional, or National ) within which a Political Leader served.

By law, IRR members are only required to retain possession of their service uniforms, retain their military identification card, and notify their service branch if they move and change their address.

By the 19th century a badge was an almost invariable part of any uniform, including school uniforms, which in the UK usually still feature the school's badge in cloth on the breast pocket of the jacket or blazer.

By the end of the 17th century, the tricorne was popular in both civilian fashion and in military uniforms.

By 1940, all of the Allgemeine-SS had been issued grey war-time uniforms and by 1941 the black SS uniform had been taken out of circulation by most of the SS.

By the end of 1938, Carol II introduced even more Fascist-inspired elements: for instance, on January 1, 1939, during the government's visit to the Royal Palace, they wore uniforms and when meeting Carol, Cristea and the ministers greeted him with the Fascist salute.

By the Victorian period, mob caps lingered as the head covering of servants and nurses, and small mob caps, not covering the hair, remained part of these uniforms into the early 20th century.

By using the 2001 uniforms, rather than the period-accurate 1999 uniforms, the filmmakers were able to film second unit footage of an actual game between the Texas Rangers and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays and intercut that footage with footage of the actors wearing the same uniforms.

By mid 1950 they, with the help of the Min Yuen, had acquired uniforms.

By 1917, the band had changed to World War I style uniforms and doubled in size.

By 1944, they had provided the unit with uniforms and weapons, and listed them as a unit of the SD, Sicherheitsdienst ( auxiliary police ).