Vipassanā is commonly used as one of two poles for the categorization of types of Buddhist practice, the other being samatha ( Pāli ; Sanskrit: śamatha ).

In the Vipassanā tradition of Buddhism there are the following ñanas according to Mahasi Sayadaw.

Vipassana jhanas are steps that describe the development of Vipassanā meditation practice as described in the Burmese Theravada tradition.

In the tradition of S. N. Goenka, Vipassanā practice focuses on the deep interconnection between mind and body, which can be experienced directly by disciplined attention to the physical sensations that form the life of the body, and that continuously interconnect and condition the life of the mind.

Vipassanā movement traditions have offered meditation programs in some prisons.

No distinction is made between samatha meditation and insight ( Vipassanā ) meditation ; the two are used in conjunction.

In the Discourse on Mindfulness ( Pāli: Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta ) located within the Majjhima Nikāya of the Pāli canon, Buddha is rendered as foregrounding " mindfulness " or the enduring presence of the immediacy of experience and a foundational practice to Buddhist spiritual discipline and a preliminary to śamatha and vipaśyanā.

( Sanskrit व ै श ् रवण ) or ( Pāli व े स ् सवण, Sinhala ව ෛ ශ ්‍ රවණ ) also known as Namtösé in Tibet and Bishamonten in Japan is the name of the chief of the Four Heavenly Kings and an important figure in Buddhist mythology.

Vijñāna ( Sanskrit ; Devanagari: व ि ज ् ञ ा न ) or viññāa ( Pāli ; Devanagari: व ि ञ ् ञ ा ण ) is translated as " consciousness ," " life force ," " mind ," or " discernment.

* Chedi ( Thai: เจด ี ย ์, from the Pāli cetiya ( च े त ि य )

Impermanence ( Pāli: अन ि च ् च ा anicca ; Sanskrit: अन ि त ् य anitya ; Tibetan: མ ི་​ ར ྟ ག ་​ པ ་ mi rtag pa ; Chinese: 無常 wúcháng ; Japanese: 無常 mujō ; Korean: 무상 musang ; Thai: อน ิ จจ ั ง anitchang, from Pali " aniccaŋ ") is one of the essential doctrines or three marks of existence in Buddhism.

Mudita ( Pāli and Sanskrit: म ु द ि त ) in Buddhism is joy.

From the Atharvaveda and in Classical Sanskrit, the stem is thematic, ( Devanāgarī: धर ् म ), and in Pāli, it takes the form dhamma.

An Apsara ( Sanskrit: अप ् सर ाः, plural अप ् सरस ः, stem apsaras -, a feminine consonant stem, អប ្ សរ ា), is also known as Vidhya Dhari or Tep Apsar ( ទ េ ព ​ អប ្ សរ ) in Khmer, Accharā ( Pāli ) or A Bố Sa La Tư ( Vietnamese ), Bidadari ( Indonesian & Malay ), Biraddali ( Tausug ), Hapsari or Widodari ( Javanese ) and Apson ().

A stupa ( from Sanskrit: m., स ् त ू प, stūpa, Sinhalese: ස ් ථ ූ පය, Pāli: थ ु प " thūpa ", literally meaning " heap ") is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the remains of Buddha, used by Buddhists as a place of worship.

A Pratyekabuddha ( Sanskrit: प ् रत ् य े क ब ु द ् ध ) or Paccekabuddha ( Pāli: पच ् च े कब ु द ् ध ), literally " a lone buddha ", " a buddha on their own " or " a private buddha ", is one of three types of enlightened beings according to some schools of Buddhism.

Preta, प ् र े त ( Sanskrit ) or Peta ( Pāli ) or ཡ ི་ ད ྭ གས ་ Yidak in ( Tibetan ) ) is the name for a type of ( arguably supernatural ) being described in Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, and Jain texts that undergoes more than human suffering, particularly an extreme degree of hunger and thirst.

Dukkha ( Pāli ; Sanskrit: ; Tibetan phonetic: dukngal ) is a Buddhist term commonly translated as " suffering ", " stress ", " anxiety ", or " dissatisfaction ".

Hīnayāna ( ह ी नय ा न ) is a Sanskrit and Pāli term literally meaning: the " Inferior Vehicle ", " Deficient Vehicle ", the " Abandoned Vehicle ", or the " Defective Vehicle ".

All eight elements of the Path begin with the word " right ", which translates the word samyañc ( in Sanskrit ) or sammā ( in Pāli ).

< td style =" background :# cff ;" rowspan =" 2 "> Wisdom ( Sanskrit: prajñā, Pāli: paññā )</ td >

< td style =" background :# cfc ;" rowspan =" 3 "> Ethical conduct ( Sanskrit: śīla, Pāli: sīla )</ td >

< td style =" background :# fc9 ;" rowspan =" 3 "> Concentration ( Sanskrit and Pāli: samādhi ) </ td >

There is no word corresponding exactly to the English terms " rebirth ", " metempsychosis ", " transmigration " or " reincarnation " in the traditional languages of Pāli and Sanskrit.

The actual process of change from one life to the next is called punarbhava ( Sanskrit ) or punabbhava ( Pāli ), literally " becoming again ", or more briefly bhava, " becoming ", and some English-speaking Buddhists prefer the term " rebirth " or " re-becoming " to render this term as they take " reincarnation " to imply a fixed entity that is reborn .< ref >" Reincarnation in Buddhism: What the Buddha Didn't Teach " By Barbara O ' Brien, About. com < sup > Popular Jain cosmology and Buddhist cosmology as well as a number of schools of Hinduism posit rebirth in many worlds and in varied forms.

Yoga ( Sanskrit, Pāli:, / ˈjəʊɡə /, ) is a commonly known generic term for physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines which originated in ancient India.

* Religious Thai: ( heavily influenced by Sanskrit and Pāli ) used when discussing Buddhism or addressing monks.

Naga ( Sanskrit :) is the Sanskrit / Pāli word for a deity or class of entity or being, taking the form of a very large snake, found in Hinduism and Buddhism.

Śīla ( Sanskrit ) or sīla ( Pāli ) in Buddhism is one of three sections of the Noble Eightfold Path, and is a code of conduct that embraces a commitment to harmony and self-restraint with the principle motivation being non-violence, or freedom from causing harm.

Bodhi is an abstract noun formed from the verbal root budh ( to awake, become aware, notice, know or understand ) corresponding to the verbs bujjhati ( Pāli ) and bodhati or budhyate ( Sanskrit ).

A gandharva ( Sanskrit ) or gandhabba ( Pāli ) is one of the lowest-ranking devas in Buddhist cosmology.

Lokapāla, Sanskrit and Pāli for " guardian of the world ", has different uses depending on whether it is found in a Hindu or Buddhist context.

Śūnyatā refers to the absence of inherent existence in all phenomena, and it is complementary to the Buddhist concepts of no-self ( Pāli: anatta, Sanskrit: anātman ) and dependent origination.

In fact, persons ( Pāli: puggala ; Sanskrit, pudgala ) are said to be characterized by an ever-evolving consciousness ( Pali: samvattanika viññana ),< ref > Collins, Steven.

The Buddhist term anatta ( Pāli ) or anātman ( Sanskrit ) is used in the sutras both as a noun and as a predicative adjective to denote that phenomena are not, or are without, a Self, to describe any and all composite, consubstantial, phenomenal and temporal things, from the macrocosmic to microcosmic, be it matter pertaining to the physical body or the cosmos at large, as well as any and all mental machinations, which are impermanent.

Maitreya ( Sanskrit ), Metteyya ( Pāli ), or Jampa ( Tibetan ), is foretold as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology.

The name Maitreya ( Metteyya in Pāli ) is derived from the Sanskrit word maitrī ( Pāli: mettā ) meaning " loving-kindness ", which is in turn derived from the noun mitra ( Pāli: mitta ) in the sense of " friend ".

Any action is understood to create " seeds " in the mind that sprout into the appropriate results ( Pāli vipaka ) when they meet the right conditions.

At the First Buddhist Council, convened shortly after the Buddha died, Ananda was called upon to recite many of the discourses that later became the Sutta Pitaka of the Pāli Canon.

In contrast to most of the figures depicted in the Pāli Canon, Ananda is presented as an imperfect, if sympathetic, figure.

Unlike in Hindu and Jain sources, in ancient Buddhist texts ahimsa ( or its Pāli cognate ) is not used as a technical term.

The term " bodhisatta " ( Pāli language ) was used by the Buddha in the Pāli canon to refer to himself both in his previous lives and as a young man in his current life, prior to his enlightenment, in the period during which he was working towards his own liberation.

In the Pāli canon, the bodhisatta is also described as someone who is still subject to birth, illness, death, sorrow, defilement, and delusion.

While Maitreya ( Pāli: Metteya ) is mentioned in the Pāli canon, he is not referred to as a bodhisattva, but simply the next fully awakened Buddha to come into existence long after the current teachings of the Buddha are lost.

Theravada promotes the concept of vibhajjavada ( Pāli, literally " Teaching of Analysis ") to non-Buddhists.

This tension is best exhibited in the Cakkavatti Sihanada Sutta ( Digha Nikaya 26 of the Sutta Pitaka of the Pāli Canon ), the story of humanity's decline from a golden age in the past.

Any action is understood as creating " seeds " in the mind that will sprout into the appropriate result ( Pāli vipaka ) when met with the right conditions.

Besides this, Prakrit appears in literature in the form of Pāli Canon of Theravada Buddhists, Prakrit canon of the Jains, Prakrit grammars and in lyrics, plays and epics of the times.

According to the Mahāvamsa, a chronicle written in Pāli language, the ancient period of Sri Lanka begins in 543 BC with the landing of Vijaya, a semi-legendary king sailed 860 nautical miles on eight ships to Sri Lanka with 700 followers from the southwest coast of what is now the Rarh region of West Bengal.

Sūtra (, Pāli: sutta, Ardhamagadhi: sūya ) is an aphorism ( or line, rule, formula ) or a collection of such aphorisms in the form of a manual or, more broadly, a text in Hinduism or Buddhism.

In Buddhist mythology, the Garuda ( Pāli: ) are enormous predatory birds with intelligence and social organization.

Non-harming, Pāli cognate avihiṃsā, is not a technical term in the Buddhist tradition, rather a permeating foundation for the code of conduct known as sīla.