Barge is attested from 1300, from Old French barge, from Vulgar Latin barga.

Bark " small ship " is attested from 1420, from Old French barque, from Vulgar Latin barca ( 400 ).

The expression " Common Era " can be found as early as 1708 in English, and traced back to Latin usage among European Christians to 1615, as vulgaris aerae, and to 1635 in English as Vulgar Era.

Tuscan would have come from the latest phases of Vulgar Latin ; Proto-Corsican from the Tuscan spoken on Corsica.

For example, a continuous chain of speakers across the centuries links Vulgar Latin to all of its modern descendants.

* Vulgar Latin and Late Latin among the uneducated and educated populations respectively of the Roman empire and the states that followed it in the same range no later than 900 AD ; medieval Latin and Renaissance Latin among the educated populations of western, northern, central and part of eastern Europe until the rise of the national languages in that range, beginning with the first language academy in Italy in 1582 / 83 ; new Latin written only in scholarly and scientific contexts by a small minority of the educated population at scattered locations over all of Europe ; ecclesiastical Latin, in spoken and written contexts of liturgy and church administration only, over the range of the Roman Catholic Church.

The word " Emerald " is derived ( via Old French: Esmeraude and Middle English: Emeraude ), from Vulgar Latin: Esmaralda / Esmaraldus, a variant of Latin Smaragdus, which originated in Greek: σμάραγδος ( smaragdos ; " green gem "); its original source being either the Sanskrit word मरकत marakata meaning " emerald " or the Semitic word baraq ( ב ָּ ר ָ ק ; الب ُ راق ; " lightning " or " shine ") ( cf.

There was a strong cultural evolution in Gaul under the Roman Empire, the most obvious one being the replacement of the Gaulish language by Vulgar Latin.

In fact the earliest surviving texts that can definitely be called Italian ( or more accurately, vernacular, as distinct from its predecessor Vulgar Latin ) are legal formulae from the Province of Benevento that date from 960 – 963.

From Vulgar Latin the Romance languages emerged.

Some scholars have suggested it is relevant to this debate that the legendary King Arthur's name only appears as Arthur, or Arturus, in early Latin Arthurian texts, never as Artōrius ( though it should be noted that Classical Latin Artōrius became Arturius in some Vulgar Latin dialects ).

The word òc came from Vulgar Latin hoc (" this "), while oïl originated from Latin hoc illud (" this it ").

Interestingly, at this face to face meeting, Boniface complained that he found Gregory ’ s Latin difficult to understand, a clear indication that Vulgar Latin had already started to evolve into the Romance languages.

The English word “ pear ” is probably from Common West Germanic pera, probably a loanword of Vulgar Latin pira, the plural of pirum, akin to Greek ἄπιος apios ( from Mycenaean ápisos ), which is likely of Semitic origin.

The Romance languages ( sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, Latin languages or Neo-Latin languages ) are all the related languages derived from Vulgar Latin and forming a subgroup of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.

A new and more universal speech evolved from the main elements: classical Latin, Christian Latin, which featured sermo humilis, " ordinary speech " in which the people were to be addressed, and all the various dialects of Vulgar Latin.

His former rig was featured in the Guitar World, Vulgar Display of Power column.

The film is the tale of the mascot, " Vulgar ", featured in the opening of Smith's debut Clerks.

Although Late Latin reflects an upsurge of the use of Vulgar Latin vocabulary and constructs, it remains to a large extent classical in overall features, depending on the author.

Perhaps the most interesting feature of Logudorian is that, due to the particular history of the area, it has suffered very little contamination and has changed very slowly from Vulgar Latin in comparison to other Latin languages, even though in terms of vocabulary it is not as close to its Latin ancestor as Italian, the most Latin of Romance languages.

Insight into the vocabulary of late Vulgar Latin in France can be seen in the Reichenau Glosses, written on the margins of a copy of the Vulgate Bible ( written in Classical Latin though intended for the vulgus ), suggesting that the 4th-century words of the Bible were no longer readily understood in the 8th century, when the glosses were likely written.

These glosses demonstrate typical vocabulary differences between Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin in Gallo-Romance:

In 1889, Hermann Dessau, who had become increasingly concerned by the huge amount of anachronistic terms, Vulgar Latin vocabulary, and especially the host of obviously bogus proper names in the work, proposed that the six authors were all fictitious personae, and that the work was in fact composed by a single author in the late fourth century, probably in the reign of Theodosius I.

The Itinerarium Egeriae has provided scholars with valuable information about developments in the grammar and vocabulary of Vulgar Latin.

In choice of vocabulary, Vulgar language ( Gramya ) is avoided.

Some Gaulish words influenced Vulgar Latin and, through this, other Romance languages.

The majority of Picard words derive from Vulgar Latin.

The Germanic side of Vulgar Latin bore proper diminutives-oc and-uc, which went into words such as L pocca and pucca, to become F poche ( pouch );-oche is in regular use to shorten words: cinéma → cinoche.

Gallaecian and Lusitanian influences were absorbed into the local Vulgar Latin dialect, and this can be detected in some Galician-Portuguese words as well as in place-names of Celtic and Iberian origin ( e. g. Bolso ).

Other more ordinary words were replaced by coinages from Vulgar Latin or Germanic sources because the classical words had fallen into disuse.

It already contained around a hundred loans from Slavic languages, including words such as " trup " ( body ), as well as some Greek language loans via Vulgar Latin, but no Hungarian words.

The term has Franco-English pre-renaissance origins, derived from the Vulgar Latin " bidellus " or " bedellus ", rooted in words for " herald ".

In the words of vocalist Joe Cafarella, the new album is their " Vulgar Display of Power.

Many of the Spanish words of Germanic origin were already present in Vulgar Latin, and so they are shared with other Romance languages.

# Some literary works written in a lower register of Latin provide a glimpse into the world of Vulgar Latin in the classical period: the dialogues of the plays of Plautus and Terence, being comedies with many characters who were slaves, and the speech of freedmen in the Cena Trimalchionis by Petronius Arbiter

At the third Council of Tours in 813, priests were ordered to preach in the vernacular language – either in the rustica lingua romanica ( Vulgar Latin ), or in the Germanic vernaculars – since the common people could no longer understand formal Latin.

The most significant consonant changes affecting Vulgar Latin were palatalization ( which affected all areas except Sardinia ); lenition ( which affected the areas north and west of the La Spezia-Rimini line ); and loss of final consonants.

In the book, A Vulgar Display Of Power, several of Gale's personal writings, given to the author by his mother, suggest that the gunman was not angry about Pantera's breakup or a belief that Pantera had " stolen songs "; instead, the documents suggest that Gale's paranoid schizophrenia caused delusions that the band could read his mind, and that they were " stealing " his thoughts and laughing at him.

There were originally three main variant forms, ( 1 ) schallemele ( shamulle or shamble ), ( 2 ) s ( c ) halmys ( shalemeyes or chalemyes, all plural forms in Middle English ), and ( 3 ) sc ( h ) almuse ( or schalmesse ), each derived from a corresponding variant in Old French: chalemel, chalemie, and chalemeaux ( the plural of chalemel ), each in turn derived from the Latin calamus (" reed "), or its Vulgar Latin diminutive form, calamellus.

Vulgar episodes were sanitized and moralizing coloured the tale.

Otherwise two new phonemes that did not exist anymore in Vulgar Latin were added: and (> OF g ( u )-, ONF w-cf.

Many cities elsewhere in the Balkans were Romanized, serving as a focal point for the adoption of Vulgar Latin by many disparate peoples.

At the third Council of Tours in 813, priests were ordered to preach in the vernacular language — either in the rustica lingua romanica ( Vulgar Latin ), or in the Germanic vernaculars — since the common people could no longer understand formal Latin.

Second, education was so poorly developed in the Middle Ages that many lesser scholars had a limited grasp of " proper " Latin, or were increasingly influenced by Vulgar Latin which was mutating into the Romance languages.

*, and were phonologically similar in Latin, and became even more so in Vulgar Latin, where became and was reduced to.

The Barbarians ( mainly Suevi and Visigoths ) largely absorbed the Roman culture and language of the peninsula ; however, since the Roman schools and administration were closed and Europe entered the Dark Ages, the Vulgar Latin language of ordinary people was left free to evolve on its own and the uniformity of the language across the Iberian Peninsula broke down.

In 1931 Kalman Kalocsay published a translation of the Funeral Sermon and Prayer, the first Hungarian text ( 12th century ), in which he created fictitious archaic forms as though Esperanto were a Romance language deriving from Vulgar Latin.

The idea of an " old Esperanto " was proposed by the Hungarian poet Kalman Kalocsay who in 1931 included a translation of the Funeral Sermon and Prayer, the first Hungarian text ( 12th century ), with hypothetic forms as if Esperanto were a Romance language deriving from Vulgar Latin.

During the transition from Vulgar Latin to Romanian, there were some phonetical changes that modified romanus into român or rumân.

The Fanelli sons, Frankie and Gino, were inspired by the villains of Deliverance. Vulgar the Clown was based on the clown logo, particularly the opening studio credit animation of Kevin Smith's first movie, Clerks.

It had a Mind to rid it self entirely of those Leaches, who through laziness and horrible sloath, would live on the Labour of poor People ; but this Buckler of Religion with which they cover themselves, and the Judgment of the Vulgar, of which they had already made themselves Masters, gave Things another Turn ; so that these Communities were not entirely unuseful to the Commonwealth.