* 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid " describing the double helix structure of DNA.

In the 1950s, James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins were instrumental in solving DNA structure and suggesting its relationship with genetic transfer of information.

As first discovered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick, the structure of DNA of all species comprises two helical chains each coiled round the same axis, and each with a pitch of 34 ångströms ( 3. 4 nanometres ) and a radius of 10 ångströms ( 1. 0 nanometres ).

* 1953 – James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce to friends that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA ; the formal announcement takes place on April 25 following publication in April's Nature ( pub.

Francis Harry Compton Crick, OM, FRS ( 8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004 ) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 together with James D. Watson.

) Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins of King's College were personal friends, which influenced subsequent scientific events as much as the close friendship between Crick and James Watson.

A public memorial was held on 27 September 2004 at the Salk Institute, La Jolla, near San Diego, California ; guest speakers included James D. Watson, Sydney Brenner, Alex Rich, Seymour Benzer, Aaron Klug, Christof Koch, Pat Churchland, Vilayanur Ramachandran, Tomaso Poggio, Leslie Orgel, Terry Sejnowski, his son Michael Crick, and his youngest daughter Jacqueline Nichols.

Late in 1951, Crick started working with James D. Watson at Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, England.

Using " Photo 51 " ( the X-ray diffraction results of Raymond Gosling and Rosalind Franklin of King's College London, given to them by Gosling and Franklin's colleague Maurice Wilkins ), Watson and Crick together developed a model for a helical structure of DNA, which they published in 1953.

When James Watson came to Cambridge, Crick was a 35-year-old graduate student ( due to his work during WWII ) and Watson was only 23, but he already had a Ph. D.

Watson and Crick talked endlessly about DNA and the idea that it might be possible to guess a good molecular model of its structure.

In November 1951, Wilkins came to Cambridge and shared his data with Watson and Crick.

Stimulated by their discussions with Wilkins and what Watson learned by attending a talk given by Franklin about her work on DNA, Crick and Watson produced and showed off an erroneous first model of DNA.

Watson and Crick were not officially working on DNA.

Crick was writing his Ph. D. thesis ; Watson also had other work such as trying to obtain crystals of myoglobin for X-ray diffraction experiments.

Having failed once, Watson and Crick were now somewhat reluctant to try again and for a while they were forbidden to make further efforts to find a molecular model of DNA.

Of great importance to the model building effort of Watson and Crick was Rosalind Franklin's understanding of basic chemistry, which indicated that the hydrophilic phosphate-containing backbones of the nucleotide chains of DNA should be positioned so as to interact with water molecules on the outside of the molecule while the hydrophobic bases should be packed into the core.

Franklin shared this chemical knowledge with Watson and Crick when she pointed out to them that their first model ( from 1951, with the phosphates inside ) was obviously wrong.

Crick described what he saw as the failure of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin to cooperate and work towards finding a molecular model of DNA as a major reason why he and Watson eventually made a second attempt to do so.

In order to construct their model of DNA, Watson and Crick made use of information from unpublished X-ray diffraction images of Franklin's ( shown at meetings and freely shared by Wilkins ), including preliminary accounts of Franklin's results / photographs of the X-ray images that were included in a written progress report for the King's College laboratory of Sir John Randall from late 1952.

It is a matter of debate whether Watson and Crick should have had access to Franklin's results without her knowledge or permission, and before she had a chance to formally publish the results of her detailed analysis of her X-ray diffraction data which were included in the progress report.

Watson turned away, sickened for the first time in many months.

* 1904 – The Australian Labor Party becomes the first such party to gain national government, under Chris Watson.

The white North Carolina performer Arthel " Doc " Watson credited listening to Jefferson's recordings as his first exposure to the blues, which would powerfully influence his own style.

The first ( retroactively ) RISC-labeled processor ( IBM 801-IBMs Watson Research Center, mid-1970s ) was a tightly pipelined simple machine originally intended to be used as an internal microcode kernel, or engine, in CISC designs, but also became the processor that introduced the RISC idea to a somewhat larger public.

John Fox Watson made a pioneering transfer to Real Madrid in 1948, becoming one of the first players from the British Isles to sign for a high-profile side abroad, leading the way for British players like John Charles, Jimmy Greaves and Denis Law in the following decades.

Thus, the Watson and Crick model was not the first " bases in " model to be proposed.

The discovery was made on 28 February 1953 ; the first Watson / Crick paper appeared in Nature on 25 April 1953.

Sydney Brenner, Jack Dunitz, Dorothy Hodgkin, Leslie Orgel, and Beryl M. Oughton, were some of the first people in April 1953 to see the model of the structure of DNA, constructed by Crick and Watson ; at the time they were working at Oxford University's Chemistry Department.

The acquisition of Roger Metzger from the Chicago Cubs in the off-season moved Menke to first base and Bob Watson to the outfield.

With May gone, Bob Watson was able to move to first base and was a bright spot in the line up, batting. 324 with 85 RBI.

Off the field, in 1994, the Astros hired one of the first African American general managers, former franchise player Bob Watson.

Von Trier's next film, Breaking the Waves ( 1996 ), the first film in von Trier's ' Golden Heart Trilogy ', won the Grand Prix at Cannes and featured Emily Watson, who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Carducci suggested they sign with the label, and the Meat Puppets released their first album Meat Puppets in 1982, which among several new originals and a pair of heavily skewed Doc Watson and Bob Nolan covers, featured the songs " The Gold Mine " and " Melons Rising ", two tunes Derrick and Cris originally had written and performed as Atomic Bomb Club previously.

* 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful telephone call by saying " Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.

* 1881 – Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player and captain.

The book first drew criticism from Keating's estranged wife, Annita Keating, who said that it understated her contribution, a complaint Watson rejected.

Watson observed that the first two groups diverged very early in reptilian history, and so he divided Goodrich's Protosauria between them.

In 1904, Australians elected the first Labor Party prime minister in the world: Chris Watson.

The first and fourth novels, A Study in Scarlet and The Valley of Fear, each include a long interval of omniscient narration recounting events unknown to either Holmes or Watson.

In The Sign of the Four, Watson quotes Holmes as being " an automaton, a calculating machine ", and Holmes is quoted as saying, " It is of the first importance not to allow your judgement to be biased by personal qualities.