At least some of his books are characterized by harsh criticism of almost everyone involved in textual criticism, such as Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield ( 1851 – 1921 ), Archibald Thomas Robertson ( 1863 – 1934 ), Charles Haddon Spurgeon ( 1834 – 1892 ) with the likes of Julius Wellhausen ( 1844 – 1918 ) and Harry Emerson Fosdick ( 1878 – 1969 ).

Various 19th century scholars, such as Julius Wellhausen and William Robertson Smith, believed the tradition to have been validated from the occasional occurrence of a merman motif found in Assyrian and Phoenician art, including coins from Ashdod and Arvad.

Julius Wellhausen, and many scholars following him, have proposed that the name is independent of the root.

According to the theories of Julius Wellhausen and others who have followed his approach, the Biblical chapters that contain the Jubilee and Sabbatical-year legislation ( chapters 25 and 27 of Leviticus ) were part of the so-called " P " or Priestly Code that represented the last stage in the development of Israel's religion.

Recently, however, the theories of Wellhausen and others who date the Jubilee and Sabbatical-year legislation to the exilic period or later have also been challenged by scholars who generally do not have a conservative view of the Scripture.

Conversely Wellhausen and Spitta have both argued that the we could have been an alteration by a later editor who modified John to make it more like the other Gospels.

" Yet " Smith did not merely repeat the arguments of Wellhausen, or anyone else ; he approached the subject in a quite original way.

The 19th century scholar Julius Wellhausen divided the Dinah story between two original texts, the Elohist, which tells of Jacob's purchase of land at Shechem and his erection of an altar, and the Jahwist, telling the rape-and-vengeance story which takes up the bulk of the narrative.

Wellhausen, and those who built on his theories, argued that the first five books of the Bible ( the Pentateuch ) were a composite creation drawing on four original sources and edited into their final form in the fourth century BC.

" Shaped by the " history of religions " approach to the Old Testament popularized in Europe by Julius Wellhausen, Toy came to believe that the writers of the New Testament — using a rabbinical hermeneutic of their day — misunderstood the original meaning of several Old Testament passages ( e. g., Psalm 16: 10, Isaiah 53 ) when they placed a christological emphasis on them.

( p. 62 – 64 ) His 1753 book initiated the school known as higher criticism that culminated in Julius Wellhausen formalising the documentary hypothesis in the 1870s, which in various modified forms still dominates understanding of the composition of the historical narratives.

Wellhausen was famous for his critical investigations into Old Testament history and the composition of the Hexateuch.

Tradition attributes the whole of the Pentateuch to Moses, however in the late 19th century, the documentary hypothesis was proposed by Julius Wellhausen.

His critical position was to some extent that of K. H. Graf and Julius Wellhausen: he was in a sense their forerunner, and was actually for a time Graf's teacher.

Julius Wellhausen ( May 17, 1844 – January 7, 1918 ), was a German biblical scholar and orientalist, noted particularly for his contribution to scholarly understanding of the origin of the Pentateuch / Torah.

Since, however, his book was too philosophical to be popular, the author's theories were practically unnoticed for a generation, and the new ideas are now associated especially with the names of Abraham Kuenen and Julius Wellhausen.

The term was perhaps first used by Julius Wellhausen.

The 19th century scholar Julius Wellhausen suggested that Hubal was regarded as the son of al-Lāt and the brother of Wadd.

* Smith's 1881 edition " was a landmark in the history of biblical criticism in Britain, in particular because it laid before the general public the critical view to which Wellhausen had given classical expression in his Geschichte Israels which had appeared less that three years earlier, in 1878.

Wellhausen believed that the Jahwist's story was designed to cast a bad light on the northern Kingdom of Israel, which had Shechem as its first capital, the Jahwist text itself originating in the southern Judah.

The one which eventually emerged to dominate the field was a particularly comprehensive version of the documentary hypothesis put forward by Julius Wellhausen in 1878: indeed, so great was its dominance that by the first half of the 20th century the Wellhausen hypothesis had become synonymous with the documentary hypothesis, and the issue of Pentateuchal origins was regarded as settled.

Cassuto's The Documentary Hypothesis and the Composition of the Pentateuch ( Hebrew, Torat HaTeudot, 1941 ; English translation, 1961 ) was one of the first mainstream works to offer a detailed critique of Wellhausen, rejecting both the central idea of the documentary model-that the Pentateuch had its origins in originally separate documents which had been combined by an editor into the final text-and Wellhausen's dating, which saw the four sources being composed between 950 and 550 BC with the final redaction around 450 BC.

Its occurrence here was one foundation of a theory first espoused by Julius Wellhausen that Ēl ʿElyōn was an ancient god of Salem ( for other reasons understood here to mean Jerusalem ), later equated with God.

The idea had already been expressed by Reuss, but since Graf was the first to introduce it into Germany, the theory, as developed by Julius Wellhausen, has been called the Graf – Wellhausen hypothesis ( here documentary hypothesis ).

Wellhausen argued that J was the earliest of the four sources and placed them in the order J-E-D-P, but did not attempt to date J more precisely than the monarchical period of the history of ancient Israel and Judah.

Astruc's methods were adopted by German scholars such as Johann Gottfried Eichhorn ( 1752 – 1827 ) and Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette ( 1780 – 1849 ) in a movement which became known as the higher criticism ( to distinguish it from the far longer-established close examination and comparison of individual manuscripts, called the lower criticism ); this school reached its apogee with the influential synthesis of Julius Wellhausen ( 1844 – 1918 ) in the 1870s, at which point it seemed to many that the Bible had at last been fully explained as a human document.

De Wette has been described by Julius Wellhausen as " the epoch-making opener of the historical criticism of the Pentateuch.

* May 17 – Julius Wellhausen, German biblical scholar ( d. 1918 )

Wellhausen's hypothesis remained the dominant model for Pentateuchal studies until the last quarter of the 20th century, when it began to be challenged by scholars who saw more and more hands at work in the Torah, ascribing them to periods even later than Wellhausen had proposed.

The four other members were William Colwell ; maize breeder Edward Wellhausen ; potato breeder John Niederhauser ; and Norman Borlaug, all from the United States.

* Nicholson, Ernest W. The Pentateuch in the Twentieth Century: The Legacy of Julius Wellhausen.

* Julius Wellhausen ( 1844 – 1918 ): German biblical critic and popularizer of a four-source documentary hypothesis.

If Adelia had felt about someone as Henrietta felt about Charles, would she have run away with him??

Scientists who have worked in this area include Raymond Moody, Susan Blackmore, Charles Tart, William James, Ian Stevenson, Michael Persinger and Pim van Lommel among others.

With the descendents of Charles I thus either childless ( in the case of William III and Anne ) or Catholic, consideration then fell to the descendants of Elizabeth of Bohemia, the only other child of James I to have reached adulthood.

Similar viewpoints have been expressed by Stanley Crouch in a New York Daily News piece, Charles Steele, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times who accused white liberals of flocking to blacks who were " Magic Negros ", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white ( as cultural protagonists / drivers ) agenda.

* 1892 – Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.

There he saw " the things which have been sent to the king from the golden land "— the Aztec treasure that Hernán Cortés had sent home to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V following the fall of Mexico.

In the words of Charles Plummer, one of the best-known editors of the Historia Ecclesiastica, Bede's Latin is " clear and limpid ... it is very seldom that we have to pause to think of the meaning of a sentence ... Alcuin rightly praises Bede for his unpretending style.

Writing in 1933, Charles Fenner suggested that it was likely that the " actual origin of the bunyip myth lies in the fact that from time to time seals have made their way up the ... Murray and Darling ( Rivers )".

Mitchell says that numerous people who have examined his teachings and those of Koresh's and his followers, Charles Pace, and Teresa Moore, and have found their teachings to be divergent from the fundamental doctrines of the church, and have sided with him.

Phylogenetic analysis by Chris Organ, Charles Nunn, Zarin Machanda, and Richard Wrangham suggests that cooking may have been invented as far back as 1. 8 million to 2. 3 million years ago.

However, quite a few cartoonists ( e. g.: George Herriman and Charles Schulz, among others ) have done their strips almost completely by themselves ; often criticizing the use of assistants for the same reasons most have about their editors hiring anyone else to continue their work after their retirement.

His bands have included Watt 4 ( 1980 ), in which he played keyboards and provided voice, Craig Charles and the Beat Burglars ( 1989 ), The Sons of Gordon Gekko ( 1989 ), where he wrote lyrics and also composed tunes for the band, and The Eye ( 2000 – 01 ), with whom he released the rock album " Giving You The Eye, Live at the Edinburgh Festival ".

) To train the kind of infantry that could withstand the Muslim heavy cavalry, Charles needed them year-round, and he needed to pay them so their families could buy the food they would have otherwise grown.

" Charles Martel could have pursued the wars against the Saxons — but he was determined to prepare for what he thought was a greater danger.

Many other architects have left their impression on the Chicago skyline such as Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, Charles B. Atwood, John Root, and Helmut Jahn.

It has been hypothesized that Charles Darwin might have suffered from Chagas disease as a result of a bite of the so-called great black bug of the Pampas ( vinchuca ) ( see Charles Darwin's illness ).

State Department spokesman Charles Redman, at a July 1, 1986 press briefing, defended SOUTHCOM's strategy, asserting that " These cooperatives, this was what was attacked in Nicaragua, often have a dual military-economic purpose .."

It contained a holographic image of Charles Xavier, reading the following message: " Moira, Scott, Jean ; if you three are seeing these images, then I have become a mortal threat to my X-Men.

Recent writers have included Serge Daney, Serge Toubiana, Thierry Jousse, Antoine de Baecque, Vincent Ostria, Charles Tesson and Franck Nouchi, André Téchiné, Léos Carax, Olivier Assayas, Danièle Dubroux, and Serge Le Péron.

After time spent in Palestine in 1882 – 83, General Charles George Gordon found a location outside the old city walls that he suggested to have been the real location of Golgotha.

His parents were Presbyterian dissenters ; he was educated in a dissenting academy at Newington Green run by Charles Morton and is believed to have attended the church there.