Although writing exclusively in the English language, Thomas has been acknowledged as one of the most important Welsh poets of the 20th century.

Thomas acknowledged that he returned to Wales when he had difficulty writing, and John Ackerman argues that " His inspiration and imagination were rooted in his Welsh background ".

Lyly installed Henry Evans, a Welsh scrivener and theatrical affectionado, as the manager of the new company of Oxford's Boys, composed of the Children of the Chapel and the Children of Paul's, and turned his talents to play writing until the end of June, 1584, when the original playhouse lease was voided by its owner.

As in England, Welsh history and archaeological finds dating back to the Bronze Age reveal not only reading and writing, but also alchemy, botany, advanced maths and science.

The bard Iolo Goch (" Red Iolo "), himself a Welsh lord, visited him in the 1390s and wrote a number of odes to Owain, praising Owain's liberality, and writing of Sycharth, " Rare was it there / to see a latch or a lock.

His first novel, Trainspotting, was published in 1993, and rumor has it that Welsh wrote it in the breaks while writing his thesis at Heriot-Watt University's Library, second floor.

It was released to shock and outrage in some circles and great acclaim in others ; Time Out called it " funny, unflinchingly abrasive, authentic and inventive ", and The Sunday Times called Welsh " the best thing that has happened to British writing for decades ".

Sam Leith, writing in the Financial Times, argues that :" Welsh ’ s concerns are with sin and salvation, with the exercise of free will and with the individual soul.

Irvine Welsh is known for writing in his native Edinburgh Scots dialect.

As well as writing poetry he wrote many light hearted lyrics which he adapted to old Welsh tunes, or the original music of various composers.

The term tends to have been replaced by the broader " Welsh writing in English " or Welsh literature in English.

Welsh writing in English is generally seen as beginning in the twentieth century, following the decline of the Welsh language.

R. S. Thomas ( 1913 – 2000 ) was the most eminent Welsh poet writing in English throughout the second half of the twentieth century, beginning with The Stones of the Field ( 1946 ) and concluding with No Truce with the Furies ( 1995 ).

Welsh writing in English from the beginning tended to be dominated by men, but the period after World War II produced some distinguished Welsh women poets, including Ruth Bidgood ( 1922-), Gillian Clarke ( 1937-), and Sheenagh Pugh ( 1950-).

Anglo-Welsh literature and Welsh writing in English are terms used to describe works written in the English language by Welsh writers.

The phrase ' Welsh writing in English ' has replaced the earlier ' Anglo-Welsh literature ' because many Welsh writers in English have felt that the latter usage failed to give " Welsh status to Welsh people who, not speaking Cymraeg, nevertheless do not feel at all English ".

Then there is the poet, teacher, and critic Jeremy Hooker ( born 1941 ), who taught at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth from 1965 – 84 and became deeply involved in writing about and teaching Welsh writing in English during this time, though he wrote only a few poems with Welsh subject matter.

Ealdred's expedition was betrayed by some Welsh soldiers who were serving with the English, and Ealdred was defeated.

Later in the reign the North Welsh followed their example, and the latter cooperated with the English in the campaign of 893 ( or 894 ).

In Welsh, the shortened form Y Fenni may have come into use for a very short period after about the 15th century, although pronounced similarly in English or Welsh the English spelling Abergavenny is in general use.

The initial Lions selection consisted of fourteen Irish players, thirteen Welsh, eight English and two Scots in the 37-man squad.

This group of languages ( Welsh, Cornish, Cumbric ) cohabited alongside English into the modern period, but due to their remoteness from the Germanic languages, influence on English was notably limited.

Irish bua ( Classical Irish buadh ), Buaidheach, Welsh buddugoliaeth ), and that the correct spelling of the name in the British language is Boudica, pronounced ( the closest English equivalent to the vowel in the first syllable is the ow in " bow-and-arrow ").

Today the existence of bilingual dictionaries directly from Breton into languages such as English, Dutch, German, Spanish and Welsh demonstrates the determination of a new generation to gain international recognition for Breton.

Islanders ' accents retain elements passed down from English, Scottish, and Welsh settlers ( among others ) in a language variety known as Cayman Creole.

The 21 consonant letters in the English alphabet are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Z, and usually W and Y: The letter Y stands for the consonant in " yoke ", the vowel in " myth " and the vowel in " funny ", and " yummy " for both consonant and vowel, for examples ; W almost always represents a consonant except in rare words ( mostly loanwords from Welsh ) like " crwth " " cwm ".

Initially limited frequency space meant that Channel 4 could not be broadcast alongside S4C, though some English Channel 4 programmes would be aired at less popular times on the Welsh variant, a practice that carried on up until the closure of S4C's analogue transmissions in 2010.

Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

Another Indo-European example is star ( English ), str-( Sanskrit ), tara ( Hindi-Urdu ), étoile ( French ), ἀστήρ ( astēr ) ( Greek or ἀστέρι / ἄστρο, asteri / astro in Modern Greek ), stella ( Italian ), aster ( Latin ) stea ( Romanian and Venetian ), stairno ( Gothic ), astl ( Armenian ), Stern ( German ), ster ( Dutch and Afrikaans ), starn ( Scots ), stjerne ( Norwegian and Danish ), stjarna ( Icelandic ), stjärna ( Swedish ), stjørna ( Faroese ), setāre ( Persian ), stoorei ( Pashto ), seren ( Welsh ), steren ( Cornish ), estel ( Catalan ), estrella Spanish, estrella Asturian and Leonese, estrela ( Portuguese and Galician ) and estêre or stêrk ( Kurdish ), from the PIE, " star ".

Latin, the common language of the church, Old English, the language of the Angles and Saxons, Irish, spoken on the western coasts of Britain and in Ireland, Brythonic, ancestor of the Welsh language, spoken in large parts of western Britain, and Pictish, spoken in northern Britain.

Most Arthurian romances of this period produced in English or Welsh did not follow this trend ; Camelot was referred to infrequently, and usually in translations from French.

The Dumnonii gave their name to the English county of Devon, and their name is represented in Britain's two extant Brythonic languages as Dewnans in Cornish and Dyfnaint in Welsh.

The children spoke only English though their parents were bilingual in English and Welsh, and David Thomas gave Welsh lessons at home.

Instead he believes his work, especially his earlier more autobiographical poems, are rooted in a changing country which echoes the Welshness of the past and the Anglicisation of the new industrial nation: " rural and urban, chapel-going and profane, Welsh and English, Unforgiving and deeply compassionate.

Such Welsh poets who wrote in the English language tended to imitate the conventions of English verse and only in translations from the Welsh did a national voice succeed in making itself heard.

The best of the few Welsh artists of the 16-18th centuries tended to move elsewhere to work, but in the 18th century the dominance of landscape art in English art bought them motives to stay at home, and bought an influx of artists from outside to paint Welsh scenery.

In 1920, a convention of the Welsh Church considered what name to select and tended to favour " the Church of Wales ".

Because of poor north-south transport links within Wales, it has always been easier for Welsh clubs to travel east-west so Welsh clubs tended to look east to England for competitors and many of the top semi-professional sides in Wales played in the English football league system ; Bangor City were founder members of the Football Conference ( then the Alliance Premier League ) in 1979 and reached the FA Trophy final in 1984, before transferring to the new League of Wales in 1992.

Traditional singers who sang in stately homes tended to sing in a Welsh language that had strict rules about metre, rhyme, and acceleration.

Virginia coal, delivered by ship in Wales, will be about $2.80 a ton cheaper than Welsh coal delivered by rail from nearby mines.

The name of Germany and the German language, in French, Allemagne, allemand, in Portuguese Alemanha, alemão, in Spanish Alemania, alemán, and in Welsh ( Yr ) Almaen, almaeneg are derived from the name of this early Germanic tribal alliance.

The diocese had suffered a serious raid from the Welsh in 1055, and during his administration, Ealdred continued the rebuilding of the cathedral church as well as securing the cathedral chapter's rights.

Comparatively early in his reign, according to Asser, the southern Welsh princes, owing to the pressure on them from North Wales and Mercia, commended themselves to Alfred.

There were many chapels in the area, most of which from the non-conformist era of Welsh religion ; few of these are still used, and many have been converted or demolished.

The name is related to the modern Welsh word gof ( blacksmith ), and so is also associated with the Welsh smith Gofannon from folklore.

The club suffered relegation from the Welsh Football League in 2001 and has since slipped down through the next two divisions into its current position, although the future is now looking brighter.

In January 2012, the Welsh Government announced the repeal the Abergavenny Improvement Acts of 1854 to 1871 which obliged the holding of a livestock market within the boundaries of Abergavenny town ; that repeal being effective from 26 March 2012.

It is also possible that the term derives from the Welsh Brit Gweldig, the term for a ruler of Britain.

Kenneth Jackson concludes, based on later development of Welsh and Irish, that it derives from the Proto-Celtic feminine adjective * boudīka, " victorious ", derived from the Celtic word * bouda, " victory " ( cf.

* Ron Davies stands down from Welsh assembly following accusations of illicit gay sex.

A number of other European languages have cognate words that were borrowed from the Germanic languages during the Middle Ages, including brog in Irish, bwr or bwrc, meaning " wall, rampart " in Welsh, bourg in French, burg in Catalan ( in Catalonia there is a town named Burg ), borgo in Italian, and burgo in Spanish ( hence the place-name Burgos ).

These are the Goidelic Irish ( Gaeilge ) and Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig ) descended from Old Irish, and the Brythonic Welsh and Breton descended from the British language.

Operated by a specially created Welsh Fourth Channel Authority, S4C would air programmes in Welsh as made by HTV, the BBC, or from independent companies.

In the Welsh language who's origins, like Cornish is from the ancient British or Brythonic language line, ' Cist ' is also used for such ancient graves, but in modern use, can also mean a chest, a coffer, a box, or even the boot / trunk of a car.