When Charles landed in Dalmatia in September 1385, Mary's kingdom was already at war with both Sigismund's brother Wenceslaus, King of Bohemia and Germany, and the queen mother's cousin, King Tvrtko I of Bosnia.

In April, Sigismund was brought to Hungary by his brother Wenceslaus and the queens were compelled to accept him as Mary's co-ruler by a treaty signed in Győr.

Over the next few years, Boniface IX was entreated to abdicate, even by his strongest supporters: King Richard II of England ( in 1396 ), the Diet of Frankfurt ( in 1397 ), and King Wenceslaus of Germany ( at Reims, 1398 ).

Wenceslaus I ( ; c. 907 – September 28, 935 ), or Wenceslas I, was the duke ( kníže ) of Bohemia from 921 until his assassination in 935, purportedly in a plot by his own brother, Boleslav the Cruel.

Wenceslaus was son of Vratislaus I, Duke of Bohemia from the Přemyslid dynasty.

In 921, when Wenceslaus was thirteen, his father died and he was brought up by his grandmother, Saint Ludmila, who raised him as a Christian.

According to Cosmas's Chronicle, one of Boleslav's sons was born on the day of Wenceslaus ' death, and because of the ominous circumstance of his birth the infant was named Strachkvas, which means " a dreadful feast ".

The usual English spelling of Duke Wenceslas's name, Wenceslaus, is occasionally encountered in later textual variants of the carol, although it was not used by Neale in his version.

John campaigned in Bohemia and was elected king by deposition of Henry of Carinthia, he thereby became one of the seven prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and – in succession of Wenceslaus III – claimant to the Polish and Hungarian throne.

In Luxembourg, he was succeeded by his son by his second wife, Wenceslaus.

King Rudolph I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, especially due to the objections raised by Ottokar's son King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, and the plans to install Albert as successor of the assassinated King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in 1290 also failed.

He did not abandon his hopes of the throne, however, which were eventually realised: In 1298, he was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were bothered about Adolph's attempts to gain his own power basis in the lands of Thuringia and Meissen, again led by the Bohemian king Wenceslaus II.

Wenceslaus ( also Wenceslas ; ;, nicknamed der Faule (" the Idle "); 26 February 1361 – 16 August 1419 ) was, by inheritance, King of Bohemia ( as Wenceslaus IV ) from 1363 and by election, German King ( formally King of the Romans ) from 1376.

Wenceslaus was deposed in 1400 as German King, but continued to rule as King of Bohemia.

Wenceslaus was born in the Imperial city of Nuremberg, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV by his third wife Anna von Schweidnitz, a scion of the Silesian Piasts, and baptized at St. Sebaldus Church.

During his long reign, Wenceslaus ' grip on power was tenuous at best, as he came into repeated conflicts with the Bohemian nobility led by the House of Rosenberg.

The March of Moravia was divided between his cousins Jobst and Procopius, and his uncle Wenceslaus I was made Duke of Luxembourg.

In 1394 Wenceslaus ' cousin Jobst of Moravia was named regent, while Wenceslaus was arrested at Králův Dvůr.

There is a tradition which states that Saint Wenceslaus ' loyal servant, Podevin, avenged his death by killing one of the chief conspirators.

Following her death on 31 December 1386 ( allegedly mangled by one of Wenceslaus ' beloved deer-hounds ), he married her first cousin once removed, Sofia of Bavaria, on 2 May 1389.

He was one of the four Prince-electors who met at Lahneck Castle in Oberlahnstein on 20 August 1400 and declared King Wenceslaus deposed.

Having given Moravia to one brother, John Henry, and erected the county of Luxembourg into a duchy for another, Wenceslaus, he was unremitting in his efforts to secure other territories as compensation and to strengthen the Bohemian monarchy.

Germany and the Duchy of Bohemia came into significant contact with one another in 929, when German King Henry I had invaded the Duchy to force Duke Wenceslaus I to pay regular tribute to Germany.

After hearing the news of Ottokar's death, Henry IV went to Prague and attempted to gain the guardianship of the king's son Wenceslaus II, as one of his closest relatives ( Henry IV's paternal grandmother was Anna of Bohemia, a daughter of late King Ottokar I ) and ally.

Rudolph then re-invested Ottokar with the Kingdom of Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Ottokar's son Wenceslaus II, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna.

His cult grew in Prague, Bohemia when, in 925 A. D., king Henry I of Germany presented as a gift the bones of one hand of St. Vitus to Wenceslaus, Duke of Bohemia.

The hauberk stored in the Prague Cathedral, dating from the 12th century, is one of the earliest surviving examples from Central Europe and was supposedly owned by Saint Wenceslaus.

It was here that, on January 18, 1409, Wenceslaus IV signed the famous Decree of Kutná Hora, by which the Czech university nation was given three votes in the elections to the faculty of Prague University as against one for the three other nations.

The original name of one of the oldest settlements in the Czech Republic was Hradec ( the Castle ); Králové ( of the queen ) was affixed when it became one of the dowry towns of Elisabeth Richeza of Poland ( 1286 – 1335 ), who lived here for thirty years having been the second wife of two Bohemian Kings, Wenceslaus II and then Rudolph I of Habsburg.

Wenceslaus II is considered as one of the most important Czech Kings.

With the death of Wenceslaus II, one glorious era of the Kingdom of Bohemia ended, a time of great political and economic power of the country.

Wenceslaus took the name of Ladislaus in honor to one of the most important figures in the Hungarian early history: the King Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary.

# 1285 Rikissa, daughter of King Valdemar of Sweden ; one daughter: Ryksa Elizabeth ( 1286 – 1335 ), married King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia in 1300, secondly King Rudolph I of Bohemia in 1306

* In his chronicle Chronica regum Romanorum, completed in 1459, Thomas Ebendorfer ( d. 1464 ) states that King Wenceslaus had drowned the confessor of his wife, indicated as Magister Jan, because he had stated that only the one who rules properly deserves the name of king and had refused to betray the seal of Confession.

This is one of two parishes in the Archdiocese which offer Mass in this form, the other being St. Wenceslaus in Cedar Rapids.

He even could secure the Hungarian crown for his minor son Wenceslaus III, who nevertheless was murdered in 1306, one year after his father's death, whereby the Přemyslid dynasty became extinct

Along with such monumental religious edifices as St. Mary of the Angels, St. Hedwig's, and St. Wenceslaus, it is one of the many Polish churches that dominate over the Kennedy Expressway at 3636 West Wolfram Avenue.

In 1745, George Vertue paid homage to their association in the vignette he published on page one of his Description of the Works of the Ingenious Delineator and Engraver Wenceslaus Hollar.

One of Chicago's Polish parishes, St. Wenceslaus Roman Catholic Church, has a statue of Santo Niño de Cebú in one of its side altars.

Henry III made alliances with his relatives, the Dukes of Opole and Głogów, and with the Kings of Bohemia, Wenceslaus I and Ottokar II ( in the years 1251, 1252, 1259, 1261 Henry III was in the royal court in Prague ).

Pope Martin V, who while still Cardinal Otto of Colonna, had attacked Huss with relentless severity, energetically resumed the battle against Huss's teaching after the enactments of the Council of Constance, seeking to eradicate completely the doctrine of Huss, for which purpose the co-operation of King Wenceslaus had to be obtained ; in 1418, Sigismund succeeded in winning his brother over to the standpoint of the council by pointing out the inevitability of a religious war if the heretics in Bohemia found further protection.

Among them were Boleslaw IV the Curly, Mieszko III the Old, Casimir II the Just, Leszek I the White, Boleslaw V the Chaste, Leszek II the Black, Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high, and King of Bohemia, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, who united Lesser Poland in 1290 / 1291.

After the fall of Great Moravia, the rulers of the Bohemian duchy had to deal both with continuous raids by the Magyars and the forces of the Saxon duke and East Frankish king Henry the Fowler, who had started several eastern campaigns into the adjacent lands of the Polabian Slavs, homeland of Wenceslaus ' mother.

Wenceslas is not to be confused with King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia ( Wenceslaus I Premyslid ), who lived more than three centuries later.

Ogden Nash wrote a comic epic poem-" The Christmas that Almost Wasn't "-loosely based on the same legend-a boy awakens Wenceslaus and his knights to save a kingdom from usurpers who have outlawed Christmas.

After the death of King Rupert of Germany in 1410, Sigismund – ignoring the claims of his half-brother Wenceslaus – was elected as successor by three of the electors on 10 September 1410, but he was opposed by his cousin Jobst of Moravia, who had been elected by four electors in a different election on 1 October.

Only the testament to the Church ( who wasn't count with the return of Kłodzko to King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia as an excuse for mixing in the Silesian affairs ) was fully implemented.

Also in 1404, Władysław held talks at Vratislav with Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia, who offered to return Silesia to Poland if Władysław supported him in his power struggle within the Holy Roman Empire.

The only foreign troops who joined him were those of King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and the combined forces of some French Knights Templars and Hospitallers ; some sources report that at the last moment, however, they stopped their troops close to Legnica, probably fearing that the Christian Army would become an easy prey to the Mongolian troops ; the tradition that the Teutonic Knights were also represented by a small contingent is today disputed.

From 1560 Bielsko was held by Frederick Casimir of Cieszyn, son of Duke Wenceslaus III Adam, who due to the enormous debts his son left upon his death in 1571, had to sell it to the Promnitz noble family at Pless.

* St. Wenceslaus Church, named for Wenceslas I, Duke of Bohemia, a Roman Catholic Church founded nearby by immigrants from Bohemia who worked at the Leland Lake Superior Iron Foundry and at the Gills Pier sawmill also remains.

Though he was backed by Pope Innocent IV and anti-king William of Holland, he could not prevail against the mighty Přemyslid king Wenceslaus I of Bohemia and his son Ottokar II, who upon Herman's death in 1250 occupied the Babenberg lands.

* Wenceslaus III of Bohemia ( 1289-1306 ), King of Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland, who took the name Ladislaus V

Before Wenceslaus became of age, the government was handled by Otto IV, Margrave of Brandenburg, who is said to have held Wenceslaus captive in several locations.

However, soon Matthew Csák switched sides in 1303 and started to support Wenceslaus ' rival Charles Robert of Anjou, who was supported also by the Holy See.

Wenceslaus led a group of princes who expressed their reluctance to divert any troops from the defense of their own territories, citing fear of invasion from the Duchy of Austria.

These were captured by Wenceslaus who now, after gaining most of the Polish lands, is crowned in Gniezno as king of Poland by archbishop Jakub Świnka Upon the deaths of Wenceslaus and his successor Wenceslaus III and with them the extinction of the Přemyslid dynasty, Pomerelia was recaptured by Władysław I the Elbow-high in 1306.