When Sultan Murad V began to show signs of paranoia, madness and continuous fainting and vomiting even on the day of his coronation and threw himself into a pool yelling at his guards to protect his life, they were afraid the public would become outraged and revolt to bring the former Sultan back.

When the revolt broke out, it was supported by intellectuals, the army, and almost all the ethnic minorities of the Empire, and forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to re-adopt the long defunct Ottoman constitution of 1877, ushering in the Second Constitutional Era.

When he refused, the Sultan instantly ordered the decapitation of Notaras, together with that of his son and his son-in-law ; and their three heads … were placed on the banqueting table before him ”.

When that claimant became Sultan, he kept hold of Gwadar, installing a governor, who eventually led an army to conquer the city of Chabahar some 200 kilometres to the west.

When Sultan Sa ' id bin Sultan Al-Busaid died in 1856, his sons quarreled over the succession.

When Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said assumed power in 1970, Oman had limited contacts with the outside world, including neighbouring Arab states.

When his young son Mehmed died in 1543, he composed a moving chronogram to commemorate the year: Peerless among princes, my Sultan Mehmed.

When the Sultan learned of this, he rejoiced greatly and ordered the place to be swept and sprinkled and the Western Wall washed with rosewater ...”

When the Jacobin Club of Mysore sent a delegation to Tipu Sultan, 500 rockets were launched as part of the gun salute.

When the Sultan refused, Muhammad Ali sent an army under Ibrahim into Syria in 1831.

When the former Seljuk Sultan Kaykaus II was arrested in the Byzantine Empire, his younger brother Kayqubad II appealed to Berke.

When he was brought before Murad, Obilić pulled out a hidden dagger and killed the Sultan by stabbing him in the neck and heart.

When the Mongol Empire's troops of Hulagu Khan sacked Baghdad in 1258 and advanced towards Syria, Mamluk Emir Baibars (, Circassian: Bipars, a common Circassian name which means the frontier defending warrior ) left Damascus for Cairo where he was welcomed by Sultan Qutuz.

When the Sultan of Zanzibar protested, since he claimed to be ruler on the mainland as well, German chancellor Otto von Bismarck sent five warships, which arrived on 7 August and trained their guns on the Sultan's palace.

When ibn Mardanīsh died in 1172 AD, ‘ Ali ibn Muḥammad swiftly shifted his allegiance to the Almohad Sultan, Abū Ya ’ qūb Yūsuf I, and became one of his military advisers.

When Sultan Mehmed II Fatih ( 1451-1481 ) conquered Constantinople on May 29, 1453, he claimed the title Kaysar-i-Rûm " Emperor of Rome " and proclaimed himself the protector of the Orthodox Church.

When the Mongols were defeated at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, Baibars, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, began to threaten Antioch, which ( as a vassal of the Armenians ) had supported the Mongols.

When the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II launched a retaliatory attack on Moldavia, Stephen defeated the invaders at the Battle of Vaslui in 1475, a victory which temporarily halted the Turkish advance.

When news arrived that the Mongols had crossed the Jordan River, Sultan Qutuz and his forces then proceeded southeast toward the spring at Ain Jalut in the Jezreel Valley.

When Sharif Ghalib Efendi informed Sultan Mahmud II of this, the Sultan ordered his Egyptian viceroy Muhammad Ali Pasha to retake the city.

When the rest of the convoy reached the Butterworth ferry, they discovered that the Sultan was not with them.

When Nasr died in 1098, Usama's other uncle, Sultan, succeeded him, rather than Murshid, who was the older sibling.

When Alfonso took Toledo in 1085, Abbad called in Yusuf ibn Tashfin, the Berber Almoravid ruler.

When Muhammad arrived in Medina, he paired off each immigrant ( Muhajir ) with one of the residents of the city ( Ansari ), joining Muhammad ibn Maslamah with Umar making them brothers in faith.

When Uthman ibn Affan, a second cousin of Muawiyah, became the third caliph, he appointed Muawiyah Governor of Syria.

When this news reached " Behzādān " ( Khorasani ), he along Ziyad ibn Salih came there to find out what the details, and soon they got involved in a fight.

When the new caliph's uncle, Abdullah ibn Ali rebelled, Abu Muslim was requested by al-Mansur to crush this rebellion, which he did, and Abdullah was given to his nephew as a prisoner.

When Hasan ibn Ali agreed to make a peace treaty with Muawiyah I, the first Umayyad caliph, he left Kufa and went to Medina with his brother Husayn.

When this Maqsurah reached the mosque of Al-Abbas ibn Ali it would not fit on the place.

* When Abdul-Qadir Gilani was asked whether there existed a person who was a wali of Allah who was upon a creed other than the creed of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Gilani answered:

When Yazid ibn al-Muhallab escaped from al-Hajjaj, he made his way to Sulayman in Palestine.

When approached, Khalid ibn Abdallah declined to join in and even cautioned al-Walid.

When Khalil ibn Ahmad enumerated the parts of poetry he called the line of verse a bayt or tent and sabah or tent-rope for a foot.

When Ishaq died in 849 he was succeeded first by two of his sons, and then in 851 by Tahir's grandson Muhammad ibn Abdullah.

" When he felt that his end was nearing he charged Qadi Muhammad ibn an-Nu ‘ man and General Abū Muhammad al-Hasan ibn ‘ Ammar to take care of al-Ḥākim, who was then only eleven.

When Harun al-Rashid made his hajj in 186 AH, and intended to visit Medina, he sent his vizier Yahya ibn Khalid ibn Barmak ahead to locate a suitable guide, and Yahya chose al-Waqidi.

When Ahmad's successor, Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, himself an Arab of Southern Darfur from Ta ’ isha tribe, demanded that the pastoralist tribes provide soldiers, several tribes rose up in revolt.

When the Fatimids moved their base to Egypt in 972, Ziri's son Buluggin ibn Ziri ( 971-984 ) was appointed viceroy of Ifriqiya.

When Garad Abogne was in power, he was defeated and killed by Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, In 1554, under the initiative of Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, Harar became the capital of Adal.

When Abubeker waged war on him, the young Ahmed ibn Ibrahim killed the nominal sultan Abubeker and replaced him by his brother Umar Din.

When the Arab commander Sa ` d ibn Abi Waqqas faced the huge Iranian library of Ctesiphon ( Sassanian Capital City ) at the time, he wrote to Umar: What should be done about the books, Umar replied that the “ blasphemous ” books are not needed, as for us only Quran is sufficient.

When Bahlul was defeated by troops sent by the Spanish Wāli and fled to Pallars, he was killed by Jalaf ibn Rashid.