When a central bank wishes to purchase more bonds than their respective national governments make available, they may purchase private bonds or assets denominated in foreign currencies.

When asked if the WikiLeaks of 2010 would damage American relations with other countries, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates noted that " governments deal with the United States because it's in their interest, not because they like us, not because they trust us, and not because they believe we can keep secrets.

When the Soviet Union allowed non-communist governments to take power in Eastern Europe, Gorbachev suggested they could look to Finland as an example to follow.

When requested, the NTSB will assist the military and foreign governments with accident investigation.

When the Constitutional Convention convened in May 1787, the 12 state delegations in attendance ( Rhode Island was absent ) brought with them an accumulated experience over a diverse set of institutional arrangements between legislative and executive branches from within their respective state governments.

When conflicts arise, corporations, governments, organized crime syndicates, and even wealthy individuals subcontract their dirty work to specialists, who then perform " shadowruns " or missions undertaken by deniable assets without identities or those that wish to remain unknown.

When it began, North and South Korea existed as provisional governments competing for control over the Korean peninsula, due to the division of Korea by outside powers.

When describing the IFC in 1955, World Bank President Eugene R. Black said that the IFC would only invest in private firms, rather than make loans to governments, and it would not manage the projects in which it invests.

When it was admitted that his private letters had indeed been opened, and its contents revealed by the Foreign Office to the Austrian and Neapolitan governments, Mazzini gained popularity and support among the British liberals, who were outraged by such a blatant intrusion of the government into his private correspondence.

When they work well, the capital markets channel the wealth of savers to those who can put it to long term productive use, such as companies or governments making long term investments.

When asked in Calcutta whether he envisioned a Maratha-type of government for Free India, Tilak replied that the Maratha-dominated governments of 17th and 18th centuries were outmoded in the 20th century, and he wanted a genuine federal system for Free India where every religion and race was an equal partner.

When World War II broke out in September 1939, the French and British governments immediately sought to persuade Belgium to join them.

When Oregon City was founded and people began moving to the area, they petitioned their governments to remove the local aboriginals from the land, so that European settlers could have land to farm and live on.

When the city of Jacksonville consolidated with Duval County in 1968, Jacksonville Beach, together with Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Baldwin, voted to retain their own municipal governments.

When governments fund a deficit with the issuing of government bonds, interest rates can increase across the market, because government borrowing creates higher demand for credit in the financial markets.

When the Romans named governments of other countries they used populus in the singular or plural, such as populī Prīscōrum Latīnōrum, " the governments of the Old Latins ".

In the earlier episodes the series makes many references to the policy of the Labour governments of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan, with comments like " My top lip went all stiff and dead, as if it had been nationalised " and " When Wales get home rule, do you think they'll nationalise Clive Jenkins ".

When considering the consequences which are to be imposed on those involved in the activities forming the subject matter of the common law or legislation, governments and judges have a choice:

When governments come to power by force or rigged elections, and not by way of fair and open elections, their base of support is often narrow and built upon cronyism and patronage.

When those governments abandoned the practice of issuing letters of marque against the Spanish treasure fleets and possessions in the later 16th century, many privateers turned pirate and used the city as their main base during the heyday of the Caribbean pirates in the 17th century.

When Our Lady appeared to Catherine Labouré, Bernadette Soubirous, Lúcia dos Santos at Fátima, or to the children at Beauraing later, in 1932, and Mariette Beco in 1933, these dramatic affirmations of divine power in an increasingly irreligious / secular age, a transformation more strongly felt in the Western world, offered ' proof ' of the power of heaven against " the onslaughts of secularizing governments ".

LaFollette believed the reputation of America would suffer: " When we cooperate with those governments, we endorse their methods ; we endorse the violations of international law by Great Britain ; we endorse the shameful methods of warfare against which we have again and again protested in this war.

:” When their governments " approached the IMF, the reserves of Thailand and South Korea were perilously low, and the Indonesian Rupiah was excessively depreciated.

When not on the House floor, Johnson, in Washington without wife Eliza, shunned social functions in favor of increased self study and reading in the Congressional library.

When the current through the device is reversed, the electrodes switch functions, so anode becomes cathode, while cathode becomes anode, as long as the reversed current is applied, with the exception of diodes where electrode naming is always based on the forward current direction.

When α is an integer, moreover, as was similarly the case for the functions of the first kind, the following relationship is valid:

When α is an integer, the Bessel functions J are entire functions of x.

When the functions J < sub > n </ sub >( x ) are plotted on the same graph, though, none of the zeros seem to coincide for different values of n except for the zero at x = 0.

When applied to vector spaces of functions ( which typically are infinite-dimensional ), dual spaces are employed for defining and studying concepts like measures, distributions, and Hilbert spaces.

When calculating correlation functions instead of scattering amplitudes, there is no past and future and all the lines are internal.

When a Governor-General is overseas on official duties or unable to perform official functions, or the office is vacant, the senior state governor is appointed as Administrator of the Commonwealth, and is effectively acting Governor-General.

When placed on the external address bus, it replicates the original functions of B and C. Port A has input capture, output compare, pulse accumulator, and other timer functions ; port D has serial I / O, and port E has an analog to digital converter ( ADC ).

When contains many candidate functions or the training set is not sufficiently large, empirical risk minimization leads to high variance and poor generalization.

When pure Python code is not fast enough, time-critical functions can be rewritten in " closer to the metal " languages such as C, or by translating ( a dialect of ) Python code to C code using tools like Cython.

When parameters are present, the definition actually defines a whole family of functions, one for every valid set of values of the parameters.

When serializing structures with, there are network safe functions that always store their data in a format that is readable on any computer at a small cost of speed.

When the cities are viewed as points in the plane, many natural distance functions are metrics, and so many natural instances of TSP satisfy this constraint.

When attending various functions and receptions in his honour, he consumed large amounts of alcohol, even though otherwise he was not a regular drinker.

When stored alongside the data, CRCs and cryptographic hash functions by themselves do not protect against intentional modification of data.

When no circuitry is common between transmit and receive functions, the device is a transmitter-receiver.

When hash functions and fingerprints are used to identify similar data, such as homologous DNA sequences or similar audio files, the functions are designed so as to maximize the probability of collision between distinct but similar data.

When coupled with production or commodity constraints, under some assumptions, these functions can be used to analyze Pareto efficiency, such as illustrated by Edgeworth boxes in contract curves.

When all of the details are worked out one ends up with an expression that again takes the form of an Arrhenius exponential multiplied by a slowly varying function of T. The precise form of the temperature dependence depends upon the reaction, and can be calculated using formulas from statistical mechanics involving the partition functions of the reactants and of the activated complex.

When functions between discrete sets are considered in combinatorics, it is not always obvious that " increasing " and " decreasing " are taken to include the possibility of repeating the same value at successive arguments, so one finds the terms weakly increasing and weakly decreasing to stress this possibility.

When Thames Water was privatised in 1990, its river management functions were transferred to the National Rivers Authority, in 1996 subsumed into the Environment Agency.