When the Byzantine forces saw the entire Ottoman army get on their knees to pray, the Byzantine army was witnessing how united the Ottoman Turks were and this worried them.

When the Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395, the territories of modern Albania became part of the Byzantine Empire.

When the Byzantine or Eastern Roman emperor Heraclius ejected the Persians in 630 AD, he expelled the city's Jews.

When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD, Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople.

When the news of the Arab attacks on the Christians in the East filtered through to Rome, and the political embarrassments of the Byzantine emperor increased, he conceived the project of a great military expedition and exhorted the faithful to participate in recovering the Church of the Holy Sepulchre – foreshadowing the First Crusade.

When the Roman Empire was divided in two in 395 AD, Epirus became part of the Eastern Roman Empire ( subsequently the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire ), ruled from Constantinople.

When Emir Osman I was appointed commander of the Turkish army on the Byzantine border in the late 13th century, he was symbolically installed via a handover of musical instruments by the Seldjuk sultan.

When the wedding arrangements were settled, Vladimir dispatched 6, 000 troops to the Byzantine Empire and they helped to put down the revolt.

When the council had concluded, the decrees were sent to Rome where they were confirmed by Agatho's successor, Pope Leo II The subsequent Byzantine tradition came to interpret the decrees in line with the teaching of Maximus the Confessor, which brilliantly combined a recognition ( shared with the monotheletes ) that all Christ's individual actions were directed by his divine will with an insistence that his human will nevertheless possessed true spontaneity, in virtue of its intrinsic drive ( as created ) to obey its Creator.

When the Exarchate of Ravenna finally fell to the Lombards in 751, the Duchy of Rome was completely cut off from the Byzantine Empire, of which it was theoretically still a part.

When the Byzantine Empire broke up ( 1204 ), Acarnania passed to the Despotate of Epirus and in 1480 to the Ottoman Empire.

A great deal of destruction was done to the tombs over the centuries by quarrying and by their conversion for use as housing, both by monks in the Byzantine period, when some were used as churches, and later by Muslim villagers: " When the Arab village was built ; tombs were destroyed, incorporated in houses or turned into water cisterns and sewage dumps.

When the Almogavars insisted in receiving the agreed payment, the Byzantine Emperor refused.

When the former Seljuk Sultan Kaykaus II was arrested in the Byzantine Empire, his younger brother Kayqubad II appealed to Berke.

When Baldwin campaigned against the Byzantine lords of Thrace, they called upon Kaloyan for help.

When the Lombards invaded much of Italy in the second half of 6th century, Cremona remained a Byzantine stronghold as part of the Exarchate of Ravenna.

When the Ottomans captured the city from the Byzantines, they converted the basilica to a mosque ( now a museum ) and incorporated Byzantine architectural elements into their own work ( e. g. domes ).

When the Roman Empire divided into east and west in 395, the territories of modern Albania became part of the Byzantine Empire.

When the Byzantine emperor Basil II ascended the throne in 976, he made the destruction of independent Bulgaria his first ambition.

When Saint Theodore of Cythera led a resettlement after the Byzantine reconquest of Crete in 962, he found the island occupied only by wandering bands of hunters.

When the Byzantine Empire was divided among the conquerors of the Fourth Crusade, the Republic of Venice took her share, three eighths of the whole, as the Greek islands, Cythera among them.

When mixed with wine ( oenogarum, a popular Byzantine sauce ), vinegar, black pepper, or oil, garum enhances the flavor of a wide variety of dishes, including boiled veal and steamed mussels, even pear-and-honey soufflé.

When he returned to Armenia in 1296, further good news manifested from the Byzantine Empire, with an offer of a marital alliance.

When the Byzantine Empire was rescued by the resolute leadership of the three Komnenos emperors Alexios, John and Manuel, Attica and the rest of Greece prospered.

When the Emperor Henry I died on 11 July 1216, Andrew was planning to acquire the imperial throne, but the barons of the Latin Empire proclaimed his father-in-law, Peter of Courtenay their emperor.

When Andronikos arrived he found that his authority was overthrown: Isaac had been proclaimed Emperor.

When Frederick IV of Habsburg sided with Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, Emperor Sigismund placed him under the Imperial ban.

When the Roman Emperor Hadrian vowed to rebuild Jerusalem from the wreckage in 130 AD, he considered reconstructing Jerusalem as a gift for the Jewish people.

When introducing a law, he sat on a bench between the consuls in his position as Holder of the Power of Tribune ( The Emperor could not officially serve as a Tribune of the Plebes as he was a Patrician, but it was a power taken by previous rulers ).

When in AD 451, Emperor Marcianus attempted to heal divisions in the Church, the response of Pope Dioscorus – the Pope of Alexandria who was later exiled – was that the emperor should not intervene in the affairs of the Church.

When Emperor Shaddam IV orchestrates a plot to destroy the " Red Duke " Leto, the Baron eagerly lends his aid.

When, after the death of Emperor Otto I in 973, a struggle for the supremacy in Germany began, both Dobrawa's husband and brother Boleslav II the Pious, Duke of Bohemia, supported the same candidate for the German throne, Duke Henry II of Bavaria.

When Portuguese explorers first came into contact with the Japanese ( see Nanban period ), they described Japanese conditions in analogy, likening the Emperor, with great symbolic authority but little political power, to the Pope, and the Shogun to secular European rulers, e. g. the Holy Roman Emperor.

When Emperor Kenzo died without heirs, Prince Oyoke succeeded him as Emperor Ninken.

When Emperor Ankan died, he had no offspring ; and succession passed to his youngest brother who will come to be known as Emperor Senka.

When Theodosius died, in January 395, Honorius and Arcadius divided the Empire, so that Honorius became Western Roman Emperor at the age of ten.

When his father Valerian was proclaimed Emperor on 22 October 253, he asked the Senate to ratify Gallienus ' elevation to Caesar and Augustus, in order to share the power between two persons.

When the governing of the Empire became too cumbersome for a single Emperor, the empire was divided by the emperor Diocletian into the Western and Eastern empires.

When Bohemians rebelled against the Emperor, the immediate result was the series of conflicts known as the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 48 ), which devastated the Empire.

When the Emperor Hadrian asked the Oracle at Delphi about Homer, the Pythia proclaimed that he was Ithacan, the son of Epikaste and Telemachus, from the Odyssey.

When the last male member of the Salian dynasty, Emperor Henry V, had died without heirs in 1125, a controversy arose about the succession.

When Otto died in 1218, Fredrick became the undisputed ruler, and in 1220 was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

When asked by Constantia ( Emperor Constantine's sister ) for an image of Jesus, Eusebius denied the request, replying that " To depict purely the human form of Christ before its transformation, on the other hand, is to break the commandment of God and to fall into pagan error ".

When sea water freezes, the ice is riddled with brine-filled channels which sustain sympagic organisms such as bacteria, algae, copepods and annelids, which in turn provide food for animals such as krill and specialised fish like the Bald notothen, fed upon in turn by larger animals such as Emperor penguins and Minke whales.

When they reached Astrakhan, Uzbeg Khan had just given permission for one of his pregnant wives, Princess Bayalun, a daughter of Greek Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos, to return to her home city of Constantinople to give birth.

When Emperor Anastasius died in 518, Justin was proclaimed the new Emperor, with significant help from Justinian.