When Absalon retired from military service in 1184 at the age of fifty-seven, he resigned the command of fleets and armies to younger men, like Duke Valdemar, the later king Valdemar II.

When Duke Jing of Qi asked about government, by which he meant proper administration so as to bring social harmony, Confucius replied:

When Emperor Shaddam IV orchestrates a plot to destroy the " Red Duke " Leto, the Baron eagerly lends his aid.

When, three years later, 3D Realms released Duke Nukem 3D, a tongue-in-cheek science fiction shooter based on Ken Silverman's technologically similar Build engine, id Software had nearly finished Quake, its next-generation game, which mirrored Dooms success for the remainder of the 1990s and significantly reduced interest in its predecessor.

When, after the death of Emperor Otto I in 973, a struggle for the supremacy in Germany began, both Dobrawa's husband and brother Boleslav II the Pious, Duke of Bohemia, supported the same candidate for the German throne, Duke Henry II of Bavaria.

When the Duke learns this, he is furious, and rounds up his gang to chase them down.

When the Salian dynasty ended with Henry V's death in 1125, the princes chose not to elect the next of kin, but rather Lothair, the moderately powerful but already old Duke of Saxony.

When Frederick I became Duke of Swabia in 1079, his coat of arms depicted a black lion on a gold shield.

When Austria annexed Salzburg under the Treaty of Pressburg ( 1805 ), the Duke of Salzburg moved to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg and retained his electorate.

When, on 2 August 1100, William II was killed by an arrow in a hunting accident in the New Forest, where Henry was also hunting, Duke Robert had not yet returned from the First Crusade.

When Henry went to Gąsawa in 1227 to meet his Piast cousins, he narrowly saved his life, while High Duke Leszek I the White was killed by the men of the Pomerelian Duke Swietopelk II, instigated by Władysław Odonic.

When asked about the exiled Duke Senior, the character of Charles says that he is " already in the forest of Arden, and a many merry men with him ; and there they live like the old Robin Hood of England.

" When his father died in 1347, Louis succeeded him as Duke of Bavaria ( as Louis VI ) and Count of Holland and Hainaut together with his five brothers.

When Henry's branch died out in 1340 the duchy was reunited under Emperor Louis IV, a son of Duke Louis II.

When Otto III reached is majority he again took to the field against the Lutici in the fall of 995, aided by the Polish Duke Bolesław I Chrobry.

When Wenceslaus I was assassinated in 935, his brother Boleslaus I succeeded him as Duke and refused to continue paying the annual tribute to Germany.

When Eckard was assassinated in April, Bolesław I lent his support to Henry IV, Duke of Bavaria, and helped him ascend to the German throne as Henry II.

When Ottokar was placed under the Imperial ban, Duke Bolesław II the Bald of Legnica took the occasion, had his nephew Henry seized at Jelcz and imprisoned him in 1277.

When Mercer died, Paul Ellington kept the Duke Ellington Orchestra going.

When James Best briefly boycotted the show during the mid-second season, he was temporarily replaced several " one off " Sheriffs, the longest standing being Sheriff Grady Bird, played by Dick Sargent, who appeared in two episodes (" Jude Emery " and " Officer Daisy Duke ").

When Francis I of France proposed his second son, Henry, Duke of Orléans, in early 1533, Clement jumped at the offer.

When the Opposition raised the issue of reform during one of the first debates of the year, the Duke made a controversial statement defending the existing system of government, recorded in the formal " third-party " language of the time:

When news of this invasion reached Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, on 21 October 1496, he wrote to his ambassador in Spain, to request the Spanish monarchs make peace between England and Scotland.

Godfrey Goodman, Bishop of Gloucester, recalled: " When we had experience of a Scottish government, the Queen did seem to revive.

When King John died in October 1216, Isabella's first act was to arrange the speedy coronation of her nine-year-old son at the city of Gloucester on 28 October.

When he learned of this, Edward sent Gloucester to entreat Clarence to return to the House of York, an offer that Clarence readily accepted.

When the abbey was dissolved, he retired, and later became 1st Bishop of Gloucester.

When she was ten, Edward IV died ; her uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, declared that Edward's marriage was invalid, his children illegitimate, and that Margaret and her brother Edward were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder.

When, later, Gloucester was made a bishopric, he was the first bishop.

When Sir George Gilbert Scott performed his renovations in the 19th century, he ripped out the front row of Davis misericords, replacing them with his own designs, which themselves seem to contain many copies of the misericords at Gloucester Cathedral, Worcester Cathedral and New College, Oxford.

When Gloucester attacked this group at a council meeting in June 1483, Stanley was wounded and imprisoned but at least spared the fate of Lord Hastings – that of summary execution.

When Edward IV died in 1483 and the Woodvilles struggled with Edward's brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, over the guardianship of the young Edward V, Buckingham first sided with Richard.

When Gloucester was formed in 1651 from part of York County the early settlers brought these soft reminders of English springs as they established themselves in the area.

When the king departed for Scotland in September, only Gloucester, Warenne and Gaveston among the earls accompanied him.

When Athelstan died, his body was transported from Gloucester to Malmesbury for burial

When he was a baby, his mother left his father and took him with her to Gloucester, where he was brought up in the Roman Catholic faith of his mother ( his father and brothers were Quakers ).

When Gloucester was killed in 1397, it was probably at the King's orders and probably with Nottingham's involvement.

When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom.

When he died on 10 June 1974, his second son, Prince Richard, inherited the title of Duke of Gloucester.

Immediately after Edward's death, Rotherham sided with dowager queen Elizabeth Woodville in her attempt to deprive Richard, Duke of Gloucester of his role as Lord Protector of the new King, her son Edward V. When Elizabeth sought sanctuary after Richard had taken charge of the king, Rotherham released the Great Seal to her.

When he turned 16 years old, he rejoined his parents in New Gloucester.

When he returned to England, he served as Director of Research of the Barnwood House Hospital in Gloucester from 1947 until 1959.

When Burgess was staying with his friend the Bishop of Gloucester in 1820, however, he met John Scandrett Harford, a wealthy landowner from Gloucestershire, who donated the three acre ( 12, 000 m² ) site called Castle Field in Lampeter, so called for the Norman castle once contained in the field.

When the Gloucester railway closed in 1964 as a result of the Beeching cuts it became overgrown, but the route through Ledbury then was used as a footpath.

When Black Mountain College closed in 1956, Olson settled in Gloucester, Massachusetts.

When London was under the control of the French, Henry III was crowned at Gloucester in 1216 ; he later chose to have a second coronation at Westminster in 1220.

When the war ended it was appointed motorcycle maker to King George V. It ’ s doubtful whether the stout monarch ever ventured out on a Duggie but his two sons, the Duke of Gloucester and the Duke of York ( later George VI ) certainly did.