When experimental studies are impossible and only pre-existing data are available, as is usually the case for example in economics, regression analysis can be used.

When the problem has substantial uncertainties in the independent variable ( the ' x ' variable ), then simple regression and least squares methods have problems ; in such cases, the methodology required for fitting errors-in-variables models may be considered instead of that for least squares.

When the labels are continuously distributed ( e. g. in regression analysis ), the denominator involves integration rather than summation:

When, Deming regression becomes orthogonal regression: it minimizes the sum of squared perpendicular distances from the data points to the regression line.

When the ego blocks such efforts to discharge one's cathexis by way of regression, that is, when the ego wishes to repress such desires, Freud uses the term " anti-cathexis " or counter-charge.

When so transformed, standard linear regression can be performed but must be applied with caution.

When we try to estimate the following univariate regression,

When estimating the parameters for Poisson regression, one typically tries to find values for θ that maximize the likelihood of an expression of the form

According to the theorem, it is possible to expand the power ( x + y )< sup > n </ sup > into a sum involving terms of the form ax < sup > b </ sup > y < sup > c </ sup >, where the exponents b and c are nonnegative integers with, and the coefficient a of each term is a specific positive integer depending on n and b. When an exponent is zero, the corresponding power is usually omitted from the term.

When a coefficient is one, it is usually omitted ( e. g. is written ).

When the oil: water coefficient is high, there will be little anaesthetic in the blood, so elimination will be slow, giving a prolonged hangover effect.

When this expression is used as a term, its coefficient is therefore 1 / 12.

When the source and load impedances are known values, the reflection coefficient is given by

When a DCT has been used, the coefficients are typically scanned using a zig-zag scan order, and the entropy coding typically combines a number of consecutive zero-valued quantized coefficients with the value of the next non-zero quantized coefficient into a single symbol, and also has special ways of indicating when all of the remaining quantized coefficient values are equal to zero.

When the lift coefficient is zero an airfoil is generating no lift but a conventionally cambered airfoil generates a nose-down pitching moment, so the location of the center of pressure is an infinite distance behind the airfoil.

When the lift coefficient is zero an airfoil is generating no lift but a reflex-cambered airfoil generates a nose-up pitching moment, so the location of the center of pressure is an infinite distance ahead of the airfoil.

When flow is turbulent, particles exhibit additional transverse motion which enhances the rate of energy and momentum exchange between them thus increasing the heat transfer and the friction coefficient.

When the activity coefficient is close to one, the substance shows almost ideal behaviour according to Henry's law.

When this ratio is less than about one-tenth, Rayleigh scattering occurs in which the scattering coefficient varies inversely as the fourth power of the wavelength.

When the x < sup > 2 </ sup > has a coefficient other than 1, the first step is to divide out the equation by this coefficient: for an example see the non-monic case below.

When the angle of attack is less than the stalling angle any increase in angle of attack causes an increase in lift coefficient that causes the wing to rise.

* the constant coefficient a < sub > 0 </ sub > is the Euler characteristic of P. When P is a closed convex polytope, a < sub > 0 </ sub > = 1.

When the set of items measures more than one construct, coefficient omega_hierarchical is more appropriate ( McDonald, 1999 ; Zinbarg, Revelle, Yovel & Li, 2005 ).

When in a polynomial in of arbitrary degree the coefficient of the highest term is = 1, and all following coefficients are whole ( real, complex ) numbers, into which a certain ( real resp.

When the above formula is written in differential equation format, the force of interest is simply the coefficient of amount of change.

When at least t out of the n players reveal their points, there is sufficient information to fit a ( t-1 ) th degree polynomial to them, the first coefficient being the secret.

When the coefficient is less than one, the st good can be described as inelastic ; when the coefficient is greater than one, the supply can be described as elastic.

When such contributions are approved by the EUMETSAT council, or if the member states participate to the optional Jason-2 Altimetry program, they get additional voting coefficient rights ( most members participate to the optional Jason-2 program, with the current exception of Austria and Poland ).

When Heidegger and Sartre speak of a contrast between being and existence, they may be right, I don't know, but their language is too philosophical for me.

When they express themselves it is incandescent hatred that shines forth, the rage of repudiation, the ecstasy of negation.

When I try to work out my reasons for feeling that this passage is of critical significance, I come up with the following ideas, which I shall express very briefly here and revert to in a later essay.

When the proprietor dies, the establishment should become a corporation until it is either acquired by another proprietor or the government decides to drop it.

When the reactionary response is thus bolstered by an intellectual defense, the characteristics of that defense are explicable only in terms of the basic attitudes of unanalyzed reaction.

When I take over Taliesin, the first thing I'll do is fire you ''.

When someone in the audience rose and asked how does it feel to be a celebrity, Carl said, `` A celebrity is a fellow who eats celery with celerity ''.

When decision makers act within this frame they determine whether a claim put forward in the name of religion is to be accepted by the larger community as appropriate to religion.

When we consider the disorganized state of the world community, and the legacy of predispositions adversely directed against all who are identified as Jews, it is obvious that the struggle for the minds and muscles of men needs to be prosecuted with increasing vigor and skill.

When we turn to Aristotle's ideas on the moral measure of literature, it is at once apparent that he is at times equally concerned about the influence of the art.

When their faith in civil liberties is tested against strong pressures of social expediency in specific issues, e.g., suppression of `` dangerous ideas '', many waver and give in.

There is, of course, nothing new about dystopias, for they belong to a literary tradition which, including also the closely related satiric utopias, stretches from at least as far back as the eighteenth century and Swift's Gulliver's Travels to the twentieth century and Zamiatin's We, Capek's War With The Newts, Huxley's Brave New World, E. M. Forster's `` The Machine Stops '', C. S. Lewis's That Hideous Strength, and Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, and which in science fiction is represented before the present deluge as early as Wells's trilogy, The Time Machine, `` A Story Of The Days To Come '', and When The Sleeper Wakes, and as recently as Jack Williamson's `` With Folded Hands '' ( 1947 ), the classic story of men replaced by their own robots.

When I first came across Samuel Johnson's pronouncement, `` the remedy for the ills of life is palliative rather than radical '', it seemed to me to sum up the profoundest of political and social truths.

When all else fails, it is argued that open sessions slow down governmental operations.

When a person has thoughtlessly or deliberately caused us pain or hardship it is not always easy to say, `` Just forget it ''.

When a person meets God's requirements for the experience of forgiveness he is forgiven.

When I hold my son he stiffens his whole body in my arms until he is as straight and stiff as a board.

When different colors are used, she is just as likely to color trees purple, hair green, etc..

When we become firm enough to stand for those ideals which we know to be right, when we become hard enough to refuse to aid nations which do not permit self-determination, when we become strong enough to resist any more drifts towards socialism in our own Nation, when we recognize that our enemy is Communism not war, and when we realize that concessions to Communists do not insure peace or freedom, then, and only then will we no longer be `` soft ''.

When one powerful nation strives to emulate the success of another, it is only natural.

When a man is laid to rest, he is entitled to stay put.

When I talked to Ching about it, he said, Everyone can learn, if he is not a Reactionary or lazy.