It was the difficulty in using the longbow which led various monarchs of England to issue instructions encouraging their ownership and practice, including the Assize of Arms of 1252 and King Edward III's declaration of 1363: " Whereas the people of our realm, rich and poor alike, were accustomed formerly in their games to practise archery – whence by God's help, it is well known that high honour and profit came to our realm, and no small advantage to ourselves in our warlike enterprises ... that every man in the same country, if he be able-bodied, shall, upon holidays, make use, in his games, of bows and arrows ... and so learn and practise archery.

Whereas originally a barony might consist of two or more manors, by 1700 we see what were formerly single manors erected into baronies, counties or even marquisates.

Whereas the best of these were formerly available mainly through the clubs themselves, it is now possible to buy books on Matchbox from various publishing houses.

Whereas in 1980 only 2. 5 % of grants were related to public policy, by 1990, under the leadership of Mike Joyce ( formerly at the John M. Olin Foundation ) it was 60 %.

Whereas the form had formerly been used as a tool to express things outside its own domain — events, feelings, etc .-- it would then turn in on itself and become, perhaps only implicitly, its own subject matter.

Whereas the Principal Allied Powers have agreed, for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, to entrust to a Mandatory selected by the said Powers the administration of the territory of Palestine, which formerly belonged to the Turkish Empire, within such boundaries as may be fixed by them ;

In modern times, opinions differ, although the principle stays the same: Whereas one would formerly engage in a Mensur to be hit, many fencing students of today will rather engage in combat in order to prove their competence by not being wounded, instead focusing on reinforcing the bond to one's brothers by sharing hope and fear.

Whereas formerly all that was required was a declaration of homosexuality or the appearance of being transgender, inmates wanting protective custody would now be required to request it in a special hearing.

Whereas formerly the trivial name " mycoplasma " has commonly denoted any member of the class Mollicutes, nowadays it refers exclusively to a member of the genus Mycoplasma.

Whereas formerly, the premium edition of SBS was packaged as a superset of the standard edition, in the 2011 wave it will be available as an add-on edition, containing standalone copies of SQL Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2008 R2, and available to add on to either SBS 2011 Essentials or Standard.

Whereas economics formerly focused largely on utility in terms of a person's preferences, the realization that forecasts are often inaccurate suggests that simple measuring preferences at a time of choice may be an incomplete concept of utility.

Whereas the eighteenth century had been a time in which man sought justice, the nineteenth and twentieth have been centuries in which men are satisfied with law.

Whereas the members of Jewish Christianity were circumcised and adhered to dietary laws, the Pauline Christianity featured in Acts did not require Gentiles to be circumcised or to obey all of the Mosaic laws, which is consistent with Noahide Law.

Whereas D & D merged armor with defense, BRP treated them as separate functions: the act of parrying was a defensive skill that reduced an opponent's chance to successfully land an attack, and the purpose of armor was to absorb damage.

Whereas a scalar CPU must complete the entire process of fetching, decoding, and executing each instruction and value in a set of data, a vector CPU can perform a single operation on a comparatively large set of data with one instruction.

Whereas microeconomics deals with individual firms, people, and other institutions that work within a set frame work of rules to balance prices and the workings of a singular government.

Whereas we say X is an H-set of Z if every cover of X with open sets of Z has a finite subfamily whose Z closure contains X.

Whereas peptidoglycan is a standard component of all bacterial cell walls, all archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan, with the exception of one group of methanogens.

Whereas Travis's right hand used his index finger for the melody and thumb for bass notes, Atkins expanded his right hand style to include picking with his first three fingers, with the thumb on bass.

Whereas revolution is never legitimate under the divine right of kings, the philosophy associated with the Mandate of Heaven approved of the overthrow of unjust rulers.

Whereas objectivism is concerned with the " object of our knowledge ", constructivism emphasises " how we construct knowledge ".

" Whereas, say, infinitists regard the regress of reasons as " shaped " like a single line, Susan Haack has argued that it is more like a crossword puzzle, with multiple lines mutually supporting each other.

Whereas arithmetic deals with specific numbers and operators ( e. g. 3 + 2 = 5 ), algebra introduces variables, which are letters that represent non-specified numbers ( e. g. 3a + 2a = 5a ).

Whereas Parker started with practice and then moved to theory, Dewey began with hypotheses and then devised methods and curricula to test them.

Whereas Skyrme's example involved pion physics, there is a much more familiar example in quantum electrodynamics with a magnetic monopole.

Whereas Lang was worried about the advent of the Nazi regime, partly because of his Jewish heritage, his wife and screen writer Thea von Harbou had started to sympathize with the Nazis in the early 1930s and joined the NSDAP in 1932.

Whereas in May and June 2005 victory of the Christian Democrats seemed highly likely, with some polls giving them an absolute majority, this picture changed shortly before the election at 18 September 2005.

Whereas Simple harmonic motion oscillates with only the restoring force acting on the system, Damped Harmonic motion experiences friction.

Whereas his references to Judah are of a general kind, Ephraim or Samaria being sometimes mentioned in the same connection or more frequently alone, the situation implied throughout and the whole tone of the addresses agree with what we know of the Northern Kingdom at the time, and his references to places and events in that kingdom are so numerous and minute as to lead to the conclusion that he not only prophesied there, but that he was a native of that part of the country.

Whereas a Möbius strip is a surface with boundary, a Klein bottle has no boundary.

Whereas most economists start with the individual's perspective, Marx starts with the perspective of society as a whole.

Whereas most of the isotopes of meitnerium can be synthesized directly this way, some heavier ones have only been observed as decay products of elements with higher atomic numbers.

Whereas Dante Gabriel Rossetti, in his own commentary compares the Minotaur with all three sins of violence within the seventh circle: " The Minotaur, who is situated at the rim of the tripartite circle, fed, according to the poem was biting himself ( violence against oneself ) and was conceived in the ' false cow ' ( violence against nature, daughter of God ).

Whereas intelligence quotient sees intelligence as being a single measurable characteristic affecting all mental ability, aptitude refers to one of many different characteristics which can be independent of each other, such as aptitude for military flight, air traffic control, or computer programming.

Whereas the usual organic surface-active agent is strongly sorbed at oil - water interfaces, the highly charged ions are most strongly sorbed at interfaces between water and insoluble materials exhibiting an ionic structure ( see Table 26-2 on p. 1678 ).

Whereas sodomy between men, men and women, and men and animals was punishable by death in Britain, acknowledgment of sexual contact between women was nonexistent in medical and legal texts.

Whereas plumcots and apriplums are first-generation hybrids between a plum parent ( P. salicina or P. cerasifera or their hybrids ), and an apricot ( P. armeniaca ), pluots and apriums are later-generations.

Whereas the absolute value of the probability amplitude encodes information about probabilities, its phase encodes information about the interference between quantum states.

Whereas V ( r ) represents the potential energy between two particles, V < sub > TOT </ sub > represents the total potential energy of the system, i. e., the sum of the potential energy V ( r ) over all pairs of particles in the system.

Whereas in general usage it is common to assume that illusion is false, Hindu philosophy makes a distinction between Maya ( illusion ) and falsehood.

Whereas a vernacular language is used as a native language in a single speaker community, a lingua franca goes beyond the boundaries of its original community, and is used as a second language for communication between communities.

' Whereas Christians ( who have learned that their eternal life consists in knowing the only true God, who is over all, and Jesus Christ, whom He has sent ; and who have learned also that all the gods of the heathen are greedy demons, which flit around sacrifices and blood, and other sacrificial accompaniments, in order to deceive those who have not taken refuge with the God who is over all, but that the divine and holy angels of God are of a different nature and will from all the demons on earth, and that they are known to those exceedingly few persons who have carefully and intelligently investigated these matters ) will not endure a comparison to be made between them and Apollo or Zeus, or any being worshipped with odour and blood and sacrifices ; some of them, so acting from their extreme simplicity, not being able to give a reason for their conduct, but sincerely observing the precepts which they have received ; others, again, for reasons not to be lightly regarded, nay, even of a profound description, and ( as a Greek would say ) drawn from the inner nature of things ; and amongst the latter of these God is a frequent subject of conversation, and those who are honoured by God, through His only-begotten Word, with participation in His divinity, and therefore also in His name.

He modelled his work on the " choral " lyrics of Stesichorus at least in so far as he wrote narratives on mythical themes ( often with original variations from the traditional stories ) and structured his verses in triads ( units of three stanzas each, called " strophe ", " antistrophe " and " epode "), so closely in fact that even the ancients sometimes had difficulty distinguishing between the two poets Whereas however ancient scholars collected the work of Stesichorus into twenty-six books, each probably a self-contained narrative that gave its title to the whole book, they compiled only seven books for Ibycus, which were numbered rather than titled and whose selection criteria are unknown.

Whereas active duty strength had declined from approximately 3, 555, 000 to 2, 483, 000 between 1953 ( the end of the Korean War ) and 1961, it increased to nearly 2, 808, 000 by June 30, 1962.

Whereas Corwin of the first series was a product of the late 1960s and 1970s and was more of a cross between a hardboiled detective in the vein of Raymond Chandler and a Highlander-like immortal with centuries of experience fighting his way through the stories, Merlin ( a product of the late 1980s and early 1990s when computers had become commonplace ) is a youthful hacker / magician finding himself in increasingly complex situations in the vein of modern hacker protagonists.

Whereas the bonding between adjacent atoms in a chain is covalent, there is evidence of a weak metallic interaction between the neighbouring atoms of different chains.

Whereas happenings were sometimes complicated, lengthy performances meant to blur the lines between performer and audience, performance and reality, Fluxus performances were usually brief and simple.

Whereas the oboe is the soprano instrument of the oboe family, the cor anglais is generally regarded as the tenor member of the family, and the oboe d ' amore — pitched between the two in the key of A — as the alto member.

Whereas previous efforts would be recorded in short time spans between tours.

Whereas Mandel organised his explanation of the long boom mainly in terms of factors counteracting the falling rate of profit, he did not distinguish clearly between the rate and volume of profit and considered effective demand an important variable.

Whereas the Republic is premised on a distinction between the sort of knowledge possessed by the philosopher and that possessed by the king or political man, Socrates explores only the character of the philosopher ; in the Statesman, on the other hand, a participant referred to as the Eleatic Stranger discusses the sort of knowledge possessed by the political man while Socrates listens quietly.

Whereas realism deals mainly with security and material power, and liberalism looks primarily at economic interdependence and domestic-level factors, constructivism most concerns itself with the role of ideas in shaping the international system ( indeed it is possible there is some overlap between constructivism and realism or liberalism, but they remain separate schools of thought ).

Whereas a metaphor is the comparison of a real object or event with a seemingly unrelated subject in order to emphasize the similarities between the two, the ' pataphor uses the newly created metaphorical similarity as a reality with which to base itself.

Whereas LCD displays are capable of between 2 and 16 ms response time offering a refresh rate of 60 to 480 Hz, an OLED can theoretically have less than 0. 01 ms response time, enabling up to 100, 000 Hz refresh rate ..

Whereas the metric itself provides a way to measure the length of ( or angle between ) vector fields, the inverse metric supplies a means of measuring the length of ( or angle between ) covector fields ; that is, fields of linear functionals.

Whereas Cutter had not distinguished between the idea of a " book " and the idea of the " work " in formulating his objectives, Lubetzky contrasts the two ideas, bringing back into play Panizzi ’ s original emphasis on the relationship between a title and all of the different editions of that title that might exist.