Whereas originally the term Navigation applies to the process of directing a ship to a destination, Navigation research deals with fundamental aspects of navigation in general.

Whereas the term Member of Congress applies to members of both houses, the terms Congressman and Congresswoman usually refer only to members of the House of Representatives.

Whereas the Riemann curvature applies a tidal acceleration, the torsion causes the geodesics to twist around each other.

Whereas the cohortative applies to the first person ( by appeal to the object's duties and obligations ) and the imperative to the second ( by command ), the jussive typically covers the first and third persons, as well as orders ( by their author's wish ) in the mandative subjunctive.

Whereas the fundamental theorem always applies heads-up ( one opponent ), it does not always apply in multiway pots.

Whereas Governor Perry first endorsed former Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani of New York City for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination, Bill Clements was as early as 2006 already raising funds for the eventual nominee, U. S. Senator John McCain of Arizona.

Indeed, these Four Freedoms were explicitly incorporated into the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which reads, " Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed the highest aspiration of the common people ,...."

Whereas the late King James the Second by the Assistance of diverse evill Councellors Judges and Ministers imployed by him did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant Religion and the Lawes and Liberties of this Kingdome ( list of grievances including ) ... by causing severall good Subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when Papists were both Armed and Imployed contrary to Law, ( Recital regarding the change of monarch ) ... thereupon the said Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons pursuant to their respective Letters and Elections being now assembled in a full and free Representative of this Nation takeing into their most serious Consideration the best meanes for attaining the Ends aforesaid Doe in the first place ( as their Auncestors in like Case have usually done ) for the Vindicating and Asserting their ancient Rights and Liberties, Declare ( list of rights including ) ... That the Subjects which are Protestants may have Arms for their Defence suitable to their Conditions and as allowed by Law.

Whereas 78 percent of the articles in the 1931 volume of Journal of Physical Anthropology employed these or similar terms, only 36 percent did so in 1965 ( see African-American Civil Rights Movement ( 1955-1968 )), and just 28 percent did in 1996.

Whereas the Commission on Human Rights was a political forum where states debated all human rights concerns ( since June 2006, replaced by the Council in that function ), the Human Rights Committee is a treaty-based mechanism where a group of experts examines reports and rules on individual communications pertaining only to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

" Whereas the late King James the Second, by the Assistance of divers evil Counsellors, Judges, and Ministers, employed by Him, did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant Religion, and the Laws and Liberties of this Kingdom ..( b ) y assuming and exercising a Power of dispensing with and suspending of Laws, and the Execution of Laws, without Consent of Parliament ....( b ) y causing several good Subjects, being Protestants, to be disarmed, at the same Time when Papists were both armed and employed contrary to Law ...( a ) ll which are utterly and directly contrary to the known Laws and Statutes and Freedom of this Realm ..... the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective Letters and Elections, being now assembled in a full and free Representative of this Nation, taking into their most serious Consideration the best Means for attaining the Ends aforesaid, do in the First Place ( as their Ancestors in like Case have usually done ), for the vindicating and asserting their ancient Rights and Liberties, Declare ,.... That the Subjects which are Protestants may have Arms for their Defence, suitable to their Condition, and as allowed by Law.

Whereas the Civil Rights Movement advocated on behalf of integration and against segregation, the Nation of Islam favored separatism.

" Whereas Aristotle states that one or other of two contradictory propositions must be false, the Kantian law states that a particular kind of proposition is in itself necessarily false.

Whereas the absolute value of the probability amplitude encodes information about probabilities, its phase encodes information about the interference between quantum states.

Whereas the golden rule states that " One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself ", Kant asks us analyze whether an act can be performed simultaneously by everyone without exception.

" Such positions states are idealised wavefunctions Whereas the momentum states

Whereas the IBRD acquires most of its funds by raising capital on international financial markets, the IDA heavily depends on contributions from its member states.

Whereas Husserl conceived humans as having been constituted by states of consciousness, Heidegger countered that consciousness is peripheral to the primacy of one ’ s existence ( i. e., the mode of being of Dasein ), which cannot be reduced to one ’ s consciousness of it.

Whereas the Second Prophecy explicitly states that the Elves and Valar shall be renewed after Dagor Dagorath and that the fate of Men is unknown, The Silmarillion states that Men will participate in singing the Second Music, and that it is the fate of the Elves that is unknown, and nothing is said of the fate of the Valar.

Whereas states in a federal system of government ( e. g., Canada, Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, Brazil and the United States of America ) have a guaranteed constitutional existence, a devolved home rule system of government is created by ordinary legislation and can be reformed, or even abolished, by repeal or amendment of that ordinary legislation.

Whereas in the area of the present Baltic states and Kaliningrad Oblast ( former East Prussia ), it is seen as an intrusive successor to the southwestern portion of the Narva culture.

Whereas the Country Music Association, founded in 1958, was based in Nashville, the Academy sought to promote country music in the western states.

Whereas Britain and France still faced a Germany which had kept about 80 percent of its industrial and economic potential and thus could attempt a revanche in a matter of years, Italy had definitively rid itself of its century-old enemy: instead of the Austro-Hungarian Empire there were now a number of smaller states, none of which could pose a credible threat, and some of them could even fall within the Italian sphere of influence.

Whereas onomatopoeia refers to the use of words to imitate actual sounds, there are languages known for having a special class of words that " imitate " soundless states or events, called phenomimes ( when they describe external phenomena ) and psychomimes ( when they describe psychological states ).

Although she still intones the phrase ‘ happy day ’, it no longer triggers her smile .” Whereas in Godot Beckett explicitly states that Act II takes place on the next day, in Happy Days no such assertion is made.

" Whereas in section 130 of the Doctrine and Covenants, verse 22 states that " the Father has a body of flesh and bones as tangible as man's.

Whereas topographic maps are produced by the United States Geological Survey in conjunction with the states, geologic maps are usually produced by the individual states.

Whereas the federal act states that, in the case of a referendum about the secession of a Canadian province, the House of Commons has the power to determine afterwards whether the question was clear enough and whether the obtained majority was large enough for the result to be accepted, the provincial one stipulates that Quebecers determine alone the manner in which to exercise their right to choose their political regime, and that the winning option in a referendum is whichever obtains 50 % of the votes plus one.

Whereas " The Thresher " is a simplistic, preachy, moralizing ballad, " Scorpion " is filled with enigmatic symbolism, deep passions, and mixed with very cinematic descriptions, most of which express the imagined conditions and changing states of mind ( apprehension, fear, denial, etc.

Whereas lower house seats might or might not be reapportioned on a decennial basis, such as those of the US House of Representatives, in most states, state senate district boundaries were never redrawn.

Whereas insurance markets have become centralized nationally and internationally, state insurance commissioners operate individually, though at times in concert through the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

Whereas Gregory distributed grain to the Roman populace as invasion loomed, Sabinian sold it for high prices ( though this may be a later interpolation by Gregory's biographers ).

Whereas the Weimar Constitution provided the president with far-reaching executive powers, the Federal President's main functions are representative and ceremonial, though as head of state he signs bills into laws and appoints federal officials.

Whereas Nazi leaders were influenced by German nationalism ( Hitler deemed certain groups such as Slavs to be inferior ), the NSBM scene has had its German and Polish activists work together from the very beginning, though Germany and Poland historically had conflicts.

Whereas the Dutch Republic was thus ill-prepared for a land campaign, the situation at sea was much more favourable, even though the States-General decided to limit the naval budget to 4, 776, 248 guilders ( down from an original projected budget of 7, 893, 992 guilders ) in order not to provoke the English.

Whereas people like Arthur Koestler left the Party after seeing the friendly reception of Nazi foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in Moscow during the years of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ( 1939-1941 ), Hobsbawm stood firm even after the Soviet invasions of Hungary and Czechoslovakia, though he was against them both.

Whereas humility can be sought alone as a means to de-emphasise the ego, humiliation must involve other person ( s ), though not necessarily directly or willingly.

Whereas Vandal Savage dresses appropriate to the times and fights in an intelligent manner, Kru'll maintains his look as a caveman and resorts to brutish tactics such as swinging around the club he carries or smashing his opponents with a large rock, though he is intelligent despite his demeanor.

Whereas the stated goal of Israeli leaders since the founding of the State has been an end to the Jewish-Arab conflict with different means of attaining that goal considered between the country's respective right and left wing leaders, Feiglin has openly stated that, though he is not opposed to peace, peace is not his goal, and would not be on the top of his agenda as Prime Minister.

Whereas the Left Book Club was avowedly pro-Soviet, Penguin and Lane expressed no political preference as their editorial policy, though the widespread belief was that the series was left-leaning since the editor was the communist John Lehmann and its authors were, with a few exceptions, men of the left.

Whereas in the 1660s, they made up some 20 % of Ulster's population ( though 60 % of its British population ) by 1720 they were an absolute majority in Ulster.

Whereas Gerry Anderson had a rocket ship in Fireball XL5 that could travel to planets around other stars as though they were just a few million miles away ( a rocket ship is limited in that it forms an explosive force which is contained and then sent off in one direction so the ship travels in another direction.

Whereas Augie March's first two albums saw Richards maintain control over production, Moo, You Bloody Choir and Watch Me Disappear " became community projects ", and for that reason Richards declared he was not as much a fan of the latter works, though other band members have described the songs on Watch Me Disappear as the band's best yet.

Whereas British influence in Egypt was officially advisory ( though in reality it was far more direct ), the British insisted that their role in Sudan be formalised.

Whereas the personal computer often ( though not necessarily ) inclines its operator toward imagination, almost in the sense of entertainment, Baldwin has remained equally interested in doing, in application.

Whereas Palmer tended to be bold and idealistic, Novick was more cautious and pragmatic, sometimes even a bit sneaky, though Palmer nonetheless valued his counsel.

Whereas the Haerye implies that the graphically simplest letters ㄱㄴㅁㅅㅇ are basic, with others derived from them by the addition of strokes ( though with ㆁㄹㅿ set apart ), Ledyard believes the five phonologically simplest letters ㄱㄷㄹㅂㅈ, which were basic in Chinese phonology, were also basic to hangul, with strokes either added or subtracted to derive the other letters.

Whereas the songs in the Lieder und Gesänge collection were conceived for voice and piano, with no orchestral versions being produced by the composer, the Humoresken were conceived from the first as being for voice and orchestra, even though Mahler's first step was the production of playable and publishable voice-and-piano versions.