Whereas the philosophical approach to consciousness focuses on its fundamental nature and its contents, the medical approach focuses on the amount of consciousness a person has: in medicine, consciousness is assessed as a " level " ranging from coma and brain death at the low end, to full alertness and purposeful responsiveness at the high end.

Whereas originally the term Navigation applies to the process of directing a ship to a destination, Navigation research deals with fundamental aspects of navigation in general.

Whereas games of chance provided the impetus for the mathematical study of probability, fundamental issues are still obscured by the superstitions of gamblers.

Whereas the trigonometric functions in a Fourier series represent the fundamental modes of vibration in a string, the spherical harmonics represent the fundamental modes of vibration of a sphere in much the same way.

Whereas elsewhere there are effectively three fundamental battles fought in elections-between the Ulster Unionist Party and the Democratic Unionist Party to be the leading unionist party, between the Social Democratic and Labour Party and Sinn Féin to be the leading nationalist party, and between unionism and nationalism as a whole, North Down is different.

Whereas Jung ’ s psychology focused on the Self, its dynamics and its constellations ( ego, anima, animus, shadow ), Hillman ’ s Archetypal psychology relativizes and deliteralizes the ego and focuses on psyche, or soul, and the archai, the deepest patterns of psychic functioning, " the fundamental fantasies that animate all life " ( Moore, in Hillman, 1991 ).

Whereas the fundamental theorem of algebra readily yields the overall number of complex roots, counted with multiplicity, Sturm's theorem yields the number of distinct real roots and locates them in intervals.

Whereas in the CN-case, the resulting maximal subgroups M are still Frobenius groups, the maximal subgroups that occur in the proof of the odd-order theorem need no longer have this structure, and the analysis of their structure and interplay produces 5 possible types of maximal subgroups, called types I, II, III, IV, V. Type I subgroups are of " Frobenius type ", a slight generalization of Frobenius group, and in fact later on in the proof are shown to be Frobenius groups.

Whereas the above reciprocity theorems were for oscillating fields, Green's reciprocity is an analogous theorem for electrostatics with a fixed distribution of electric charge ( Panofsky and Phillips, 1962 ).

Whereas Poncelet's proof relies on homothetic centers of circles and the power of a point theorem, Gergonne's method exploits the conjugate relation between lines and their poles in a circle.

Whereas in the binary search tree, we always add a leaf, in the red – black tree leaves contain no information, so instead we add a red interior node, with two black leaves, in place of an existing black leaf.

Whereas chess opening theory changes frequently, giving way to middlegame positions that fall in and out of popularity, endgame theory always remains constant.

Whereas traditional engine designs always include tradeoffs that limit them to a " best speed " range, the PDE appears to outperform them at all speeds.

Whereas orchestras organised by, run solely by and nearly always exclusive to the expatriate community in China are recorded from the early days of the International Settlement in Shanghai ( i. e. 1850s ) and a Russian orchestra was in operation in Harbin from the early 20th century, the beginnings of a unique classical music tradition in China lie with the first foreign trained Chinese conductor, Zheng Zhisheng.

Whereas Charles I had been in part restrained by a Parliament that would not always do as he wished ( the cause of the Civil War ), Cromwell was able to wield much more power as only loyalists were allowed to become MPs, turning the chamber into a rubber-stamping organisation.

Whereas fast food carries the connotation of a standardized product from a globalized chain or franchise, take-away outlets are often small businesses serving traditional food, which is sometimes but by no means always of high quality.

Whereas Chichester College has always been focused towards vocational qualifications, the University of Chichester has a more academic focus ( mainly in the arts ).

Whereas the term orthographic is sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is parallel with the projection plane, in axonometric projection the plane or axis of the object is always drawn not parallel to the projection plane.

" Whereas other features in Mad, recurring or otherwise, typically were headed with pun-filled " department " titles, Martin's work always was headed with only his name — " Don Martin Dept.

Whereas the answer returned by a deterministic algorithm is always expected to be correct, this is not the case for Monte Carlo algorithms.

Whereas the video-games are always dark and serious, the manga is light-hearted and comical.

Whereas Haddock can recall a particularly fierce storm at sea or Calculus can boast of his athletic past, Tintin's roots prior to Land of the Soviets are never discussed ( although in ' The Black Island ,' he mentions always loving puzzles ).

Whereas Gibsonian psychology is always termed Ecological Psychology, the work of Barker ( and his followers ) is also sometimes referred to as Environmental Psychology.

Whereas Luxembourg's English service was always centred on light entertainment and popular music, RTL in French is a mixed station: about 50 % of its output is speech-based, with a strong focus on news and current affairs and a large team of respected journalists.

Whereas Advaita preaches that Atman and Brahman are one and the same, which is not evident to the atman till it comes out of a so-called illusion, Madhvacharya puts forth that Brahman ( Vishnu / God ) and Atman ( soul ) are eternally different, with God always the Superior one.

Whereas traditional rounding always rounds up when the following digit is 5, bankers sometimes round down to eliminate this upwards bias.

Whereas in the first game, each character was inherently good, there are several characters in this game that were always villainous or " bad ".

Whereas the sea state in the storm has a frequency spectrum with more or less always the same shape ( i. e. a well defined peak with dominant frequencies within plus or minus 7 % of the peak ), the swell spectra are more and more narrow, sometimes as 2 % or less, as waves disperse further and further away.

Whereas the term Member of Congress applies to members of both houses, the terms Congressman and Congresswoman usually refer only to members of the House of Representatives.

Whereas the Riemann curvature applies a tidal acceleration, the torsion causes the geodesics to twist around each other.

Whereas incorporation applies the Bill of Rights to the states though the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, in reverse incorporation, the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has been held to apply to the federal government through the Due Process Clause located in the Fifth Amendment.

Whereas the cohortative applies to the first person ( by appeal to the object's duties and obligations ) and the imperative to the second ( by command ), the jussive typically covers the first and third persons, as well as orders ( by their author's wish ) in the mandative subjunctive.

Whereas a scalar CPU must complete the entire process of fetching, decoding, and executing each instruction and value in a set of data, a vector CPU can perform a single operation on a comparatively large set of data with one instruction.

Whereas peptidoglycan is a standard component of all bacterial cell walls, all archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan, with the exception of one group of methanogens.

Whereas 20, 000 freshmen had matriculated in one CUNY institution or another in 1969, more than 35, 000 showed up for registration in the fall of 1970.

Whereas a hyponym is one of the items included in the generic, such as peach and oak are included in tree, and cruiser and steamer in ship, " brother " and " sister " in " family ".

Whereas Trotsky advocated world permanent revolution, Stalin's concept of socialism in one country became primary policy as he emerged the leader of the Soviet Union.

" Whereas Aristotle states that one or other of two contradictory propositions must be false, the Kantian law states that a particular kind of proposition is in itself necessarily false.

Whereas the central Maoist leaders encouraged the masses to criticize reactionary " ideas " and " habits " among the alleged 5 % of bad cadres, giving them a chance to " turn over a new leaf " after they had undergone " thought reform ," the Ultra-Left argued that " cultural revolution " had to give way to " political revolution " – " in which one class overthrows another class ".

Whereas the average density in the solar vicinity is one particle per cubic centimetre, the average density of a GMC is 10 < sup > 2 </ sup >– 10 < sup > 3 </ sup > particles per cubic centimetre.

Whereas the " higher " law Aristotle suggested one could appeal to was emphatically natural, in contradistinction to being the result of divine positive legislation, the Stoic natural law was indifferent to the divine or natural source of the law: the Stoics asserted the existence of a rational and purposeful order to the universe ( a divine or eternal law ), and the means by which a rational being lived in accordance with this order was the natural law, which spelled out action that accorded with virtue.

Whereas others can learn of my pain, for example, I simply have my own pain ; it follows that one does not know of one's own pain, one simply has a pain.

Whereas this belief was only one of many beliefs held about the World to Come in Second Temple Judaism, and was notably rejected by the Sadducees, this belief became dominant within Early Christianity and soon included an insistence on the resurrection of the flesh, against gnostic teachings that flesh was evil.

Whereas, mobile phone and Internet penetration in the household market ended up being one of the highest in the world with more than 50 percent of the revenue coming from these two industries.

Whereas the team used to occupy a stadium that was a throwback to the era of suburban, multi-purpose, concrete " cookie-cutter " stadiums that so many teams moved to during the 1960s and 1970s, their new home is regarded as one of the better venues in all of professional sports.

Whereas the golden rule states that " One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself ", Kant asks us analyze whether an act can be performed simultaneously by everyone without exception.

Whereas complex numbers have one number whose square is negative one, quaternions have three independent such numbers.

Whereas conventional processors mostly only allow programs that specify instructions to be executed one after another, a VLIW processor allows programs that can explicitly specify instructions to be executed at the same time ( i. e. in parallel ).

Whereas graphics programmers had earlier relied on hand-coded assembly to make their programs run fast, most modern programs are written to interface with one of the existing graphics APIs, which drives a dedicated GPU.

Whereas the term chess puzzle refers broadly to any puzzle involving aspects of chess, a chess problem is an orthodox puzzle ( see below ) in which one must play and win or draw a game, starting with a certain composition of pieces on the chess board, and playing within the standard rules of chess.

Whereas the " normal " critical mass for plutonium is about 11. 8 kilograms, with antimatter catalyzed reactions this could be well under one gram.

Whereas Husserl conceived humans as having been constituted by states of consciousness, Heidegger countered that consciousness is peripheral to the primacy of one ’ s existence ( i. e., the mode of being of Dasein ), which cannot be reduced to one ’ s consciousness of it.

Whereas Husserl gave priority to a depiction of consciousness that was fundamentally alien to the psychoanalytic conception of the unconscious, Heidegger offered a way to conceptualize experience that could accommodate those aspects of one ’ s existence that lie on the periphery of sentient awareness.

Whereas he had been required to undertake much fieldwork and excavation whilst at Edinburgh, at the Institute his position as Director meant that this was not necessary, although he did undertake one excavation at Maes Howe, a Neolithic burial tomb plundered by Early Medieaval Norse raiders, during 1954 – 55.