Whereas deterministic optimization problems are formulated with known parameters, real world problems almost invariably include some unknown parameters.

Whereas Parker started with practice and then moved to theory, Dewey began with hypotheses and then devised methods and curricula to test them.

Whereas the k-opt methods remove a fixed number ( k ) of edges from the original tour, the variable-opt methods do not fix the size of the edge set to remove.

Whereas traditional RDBMS or SQL-DBMS products focused on the efficient management of data drawn from a limited set of data-types ( defined by the relevant language standards ), an object-relational DBMS allows software developers to integrate their own types and the methods that apply to them into the DBMS.

Whereas normal integration sums a function, f ( x ), over a continuous range of values of x, functional integration sums a functional, G, over a continuous range of functions, f. Most functional integrals cannot be solved exactly but must be solved using perturbation methods.

Whereas can be directly measured by application of different AC potentials directly on electrodes, can be measured by electro-rotation measurements thanks to optical trapping methods.

Whereas record linkage focuses on the more narrow task of identifying matching entities across different data sets, Linked Data focuses on the broader methods of structuring and publishing data to facilitate the discovery of related information.

Whereas cognitive walkthrough is task-specific, heuristic evaluation takes a holistic view to catch problems not caught by this and other usability inspection methods.

Whereas the use of autoethnographic methods may be increasing, knowledge of how to evaluate and provide feedback to improve such accounts appears to be lagging.

Whereas Lenin and other Marxist anti-imperialists such as Immanuel Wallerstein called for an end to the domination of developed nations through international communism, Kara-Murza and his contemporaries in Russia believe that a restriction of free trade ( especially with the West ), and various methods of state intervention in the economy is the best solution.

Whereas the shape complementarity based approaches are typically fast and robust, they cannot usually model the movements or dynamic changes in the ligand / protein conformations accurately, although recent developments allow these methods to investigate ligand flexibility.

Whereas Damrosch ’ s approach remains tied to the close reading of individual works, a very different view was taken by the Stanford critic Franco Moretti in a pair of articles offering “ Conjectures on World Literature .” Moretti argued that the scale of world literature far exceeds what can be grasped by traditional methods of close reading, and he advocated instead a mode of “ distant reading ” that would look at large-scale patterns as discerned from publication records and national literary histories, enabling one to trace the global sweep of forms such as the novel or film.

Whereas the usual organic surface-active agent is strongly sorbed at oil - water interfaces, the highly charged ions are most strongly sorbed at interfaces between water and insoluble materials exhibiting an ionic structure ( see Table 26-2 on p. 1678 ).

Whereas the eighteenth century had been a time in which man sought justice, the nineteenth and twentieth have been centuries in which men are satisfied with law.

Whereas, John Brown has cheerfully risked his life in endeavoring to deliver those who are denied all rights and is this day doomed to suffer death for his efforts in behalf of those who have no helper: Therefore,

Whereas for certain other language families, such as the speakers of Indo-European, Uralic, and Austronesian, we are able to frame substantial hypotheses, in the case of the proposed Altaic family everything remains to be done.

Whereas a biotic stress would include such living disturbances as fungi or harmful insects, abiotic stress factors, or stressors, are naturally occurring, often intangible, factors such as intense sunlight or wind that may cause harm to the plants and animals in the area affected.

Whereas other nations have soothsayers and diviners who attempt to discover the will of their gods, according to Heschel the Hebrew prophets are characterized by their experience of what he calls theotropism — God turning towards humanity.

It exists in four major polymorphs: α, β, γ and T. Whereas α, β and T phases are based on B < sub > 12 </ sub > icosahedra, the γ-phase can be described as a rocksalt-type arrangement of the icosahedra and B < sub > 2 </ sub > atomic pairs.

Whereas the first part of the film takes place in society restrained by law and order, the second part, including the flashback scene, occurs in the world of individuals and thus the characters seen in the first part of the film are revealed in their true form.

Whereas it is paramagnetic at ambient conditions, it becomes antiferromagnetic upon cooling, and other magnetic transitions are also observed for many curium compounds.

Whereas analog filters are usually analysed in terms of transfer functions in the s plane using Laplace transforms, digital filters are analysed in the z plane in terms of Z-transforms.

Whereas several figures common to English Country Dance, e. g. arming and the straight hey, are found in the traditional dances and display dances such as morris, ECD's origins rest among the gentry, first at court, then spreading to bourgeois-London, finally moving into country manors around England.

Whereas arithmetic deals with specific numbers and operators ( e. g. 3 + 2 = 5 ), algebra introduces variables, which are letters that represent non-specified numbers ( e. g. 3a + 2a = 5a ).

Whereas most other pure metals are gray or silvery white, gold is yellow.

Whereas a hyponym is one of the items included in the generic, such as peach and oak are included in tree, and cruiser and steamer in ship, " brother " and " sister " in " family ".

Whereas his references to Judah are of a general kind, Ephraim or Samaria being sometimes mentioned in the same connection or more frequently alone, the situation implied throughout and the whole tone of the addresses agree with what we know of the Northern Kingdom at the time, and his references to places and events in that kingdom are so numerous and minute as to lead to the conclusion that he not only prophesied there, but that he was a native of that part of the country.

Whereas Jewish philosophers often debate whether God is immanent or transcendent, and whether people have free will or their lives are determined, Halakha is a system through which any Jew acts to bring God into the world.

Whereas " private property " grants an individual exclusive control over a thing whether it is in use or not, and regardless of its productive capacity, " possession " grants no rights to things that are not in use.

Whereas fracture and cleavage describes the surfaces that are created when a mineral is broken, tenacity describes how resistant a mineral is to such breaking.

Whereas the pH of a saturated morphine hydrate solution is 8. 5, the salts are acidic.

Whereas ' state-driven ' national unification's, such as in France, England or China, are more likely to flourish in multiethnic societies, producing a traditional national heritage of civic nations, or territory-based nationalities.

Whereas games of chance provided the impetus for the mathematical study of probability, fundamental issues are still obscured by the superstitions of gamblers.

Whereas enzymes are limited in their binding affinity for their substrates by the necessity of conducting their reaction, antibodies have no such constraints.

Whereas commercial agreements or prenuptial agreements generally do not require legal formalities to be observed, when married couples enter a property agreement, stringent requirements are imposed, including notarization, witnesses, special acknowledgment forms.

Whereas active duty strength had declined from approximately 3, 555, 000 to 2, 483, 000 between 1953 ( the end of the Korean War ) and 1961, it increased to nearly 2, 808, 000 by June 30, 1962.

Whereas in the general case, there is often no appropriate singular gender-neutral replacement ( e. g. the third person singular pronoun he ) ( although the use of singular they is increasingly common ), there are gender-neutral versions of nearly all job titles.

Whereas pure nitroglycerin is also highly shock-sensitive ( although not nearly as much so as nitrogen triiodide, which can be set off with the touch of a feather ) and powerful, it was only due to phlegmatizers that its shock sensitivity was reduced and it became safer to handle and transport as dynamite.

Whereas orchestras organised by, run solely by and nearly always exclusive to the expatriate community in China are recorded from the early days of the International Settlement in Shanghai ( i. e. 1850s ) and a Russian orchestra was in operation in Harbin from the early 20th century, the beginnings of a unique classical music tradition in China lie with the first foreign trained Chinese conductor, Zheng Zhisheng.

Whereas fuel and mineral mining has been providing a nearly constant outcome between 1990 and 2006, metal processing and engineering are declining, despite the fact that they employ up to 30 % of industry workers of the district.

Whereas nearly all American journalists praised the book, scholars were split.

Whereas most console RPGs give the player access to a limited number of precreated spells, Rudra no Hihō allows the player nearly total creative freedom.

Whereas nearly all temperate frogs lay their eggs in water, the majority of rainforest species place eggs in vegetation or lay them in the ground.

Whereas crosstown rival KING 5 was the first to air " wide audience " television ( of a Thanksgiving Day high school football game ), KOMO broadcast a television signal nearly 20 years prior.

Whereas nearly every village has a kermis once or twice a year, the large Zuidfoor or Foire du Midi ( South Fair ) of Brussels and Sinksenfoor ( Whitsun Fair ) of Antwerp attract many visitors during several weeks.

Whereas Columbia's Twist Around the Clock, made just three years earlier, had cost a mere $ 280, 000, now Katzman was forced to deal with a budget that was nearly 10 times that amount.

Whereas previous abridged versions of Journey to the West retained the original number of chapters but reduced their length significantly, Waley adopted the opposite approach ; he translated only 30 chapters out of 100 episodes, but did so nearly in full.

Whereas the original chassis had a platform flush to the seat on both sides, for the Easy Dunker 2 on one side the platform is lower, nearly flush to the top of the tank, forming a step that makes it easier to get onto the seat.

Whereas Bards are unusually long-lived but can be killed like other humans, Hulls are nearly immortal and can only be destroyed by Bardic skills, which requires enormous effort and strength.