Whereas architecture focuses on individual buildings, urban design address the larger scale of groups of buildings, of streets and public spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities, to make urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable.

Whereas ' economies of scale ' for a firm primarily refers to reductions in average cost ( cost per unit ) associated with increasing the scale of production for a single product type, ' economies of scope ' refers to lowering average cost for a firm in producing two or more products.

Whereas Southern Rhodesia had seen a flood of fortune-seeking prospectors seeking to set up independent mines, Northern Rhodesia was largely untouched, and this allowed the Company to agree large scale deals with major commercial mining companies.

Whereas in colloquial usage, " negative temperature " may refer to temperatures that are expressed as negative numbers on the more familiar degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit scales, with values that are colder than the zero points of those scales but still warmer than absolute zero, by contrast a system with a truly negative temperature in absolute terms on the kelvin scale is hotter than any system with a positive temperature.

Whereas, the eighteenth century Sons of Liberty tried to avoid large scale military conflicts, the nineteenth century organization planned for it, collecting and distributing guns and ammunitions to their members.

Jaggar wrote at this time, " Whereas small scale experiments in the laboratory helped me to think about the details of nature ... there remained the need to measure nature itself.

Whereas the wavelet transform is based on wavelets of the form g ( ax + b ), the p-type chirplet transform is based on chirplets of the form g (( ax + b )/( cx + 1 )), where a is the scale, b is the translation, and c is the chirpiness ( chirp-rate, as defined by the degree of perspective, or projection ).

Whereas real prices of various energy forms have been decreasing during most of the industrial era, due to economies of scale and technology, the expectation for the future is the opposite.

Whereas the whistle's basic scale is D-E-F #- G-A-B-C #- d ; the flageolet's basic scale is D-E-F-G-A-C-d. Cross-fingerings and keys are required to fill in the gaps.

Whereas in the same distance on a linear scale, with 10 as the major step-size, you might only get from 0 to 50.

Whereas Damrosch ’ s approach remains tied to the close reading of individual works, a very different view was taken by the Stanford critic Franco Moretti in a pair of articles offering “ Conjectures on World Literature .” Moretti argued that the scale of world literature far exceeds what can be grasped by traditional methods of close reading, and he advocated instead a mode of “ distant reading ” that would look at large-scale patterns as discerned from publication records and national literary histories, enabling one to trace the global sweep of forms such as the novel or film.

Whereas the corresponding inverse transform can mathematically be performed by replacing ω with ω < sup >− 1 </ sup > ( and possibly multiplying by an overall scale factor, depending on the normalization convention ), one may also directly invert the butterflies:

Whereas the usual organic surface-active agent is strongly sorbed at oil - water interfaces, the highly charged ions are most strongly sorbed at interfaces between water and insoluble materials exhibiting an ionic structure ( see Table 26-2 on p. 1678 ).

Whereas the earlier cases turned rather narrowly upon the availability of adequate state remedies, the new emphasis is upon the nature of the state policy at issue.

Whereas, John Brown has cheerfully risked his life in endeavoring to deliver those who are denied all rights and is this day doomed to suffer death for his efforts in behalf of those who have no helper: Therefore,

Whereas Bultmann's `` center '' position is structurally inconsistent and is therefore indefensible on formal grounds alone, the general position of the `` right '', as represented, say, by Karl Barth, involves the rejection or at least qualification of the demand for demythologization and so is invalidated on the material grounds we have just considered.

Whereas the claim above suggested that Luke was writing to Rome, this view proposes that Luke may be writing to the church in order to convince the saints of his own view that Rome is not a threat to the church.

Whereas the members of Jewish Christianity were circumcised and adhered to dietary laws, the Pauline Christianity featured in Acts did not require Gentiles to be circumcised or to obey all of the Mosaic laws, which is consistent with Noahide Law.

Whereas the structure is not symmetrical, various mode mixities can be introduced in these tests.

The British Statute of Anne ( 1710 ) further alluded to individual rights of the artist, beginning: " Whereas Printers, Booksellers, and other Persons, have of late frequently taken the Liberty of Printing ... Books, and other Writings, without the Consent of the Authors ... to their very great Detriment, and too often to the Ruin of them and their Families :" A right to benefit financially from the work is articulated, and court rulings and legislation have recognized a right to control the work, such as ensuring that the integrity of it is preserved.

Whereas the mass number simply counts the total number of neutrons and protons and is thus a natural ( or whole ) number, the atomic mass of a single isotope is a real number.

Whereas the philosophical approach to consciousness focuses on its fundamental nature and its contents, the medical approach focuses on the amount of consciousness a person has: in medicine, consciousness is assessed as a " level " ranging from coma and brain death at the low end, to full alertness and purposeful responsiveness at the high end.

Whereas it is paramagnetic at ambient conditions, it becomes antiferromagnetic upon cooling, and other magnetic transitions are also observed for many curium compounds.

Whereas consequentialist theories posit that consequences of action should be the primary focus of our thinking about ethics, virtue ethics insists that it is the character rather than the consequences of actions that should be the focal point.

Whereas transition metals sometimes attract most of the attention in the study of catalysis, small organic molecules without metals can also exhibit catalytic properties, as is apparent from the fact that many enzymes lack transition metals.

Whereas we say X is an H-set of Z if every cover of X with open sets of Z has a finite subfamily whose Z closure contains X.

Whereas peptidoglycan is a standard component of all bacterial cell walls, all archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan, with the exception of one group of methanogens.

Whereas the written Torah has a fixed form, the Oral Torah is a living tradition that includes not only specific supplements to the written Torah ( for instance, what is the proper manner of shechita and what is meant by " Frontlets " in the Shema ), but also procedures for understanding and talking about the written Torah ( thus, the Oral Torah revealed at Sinai includes debates among rabbis who lived long after Moses ).

Whereas it was originally called wau, its most common appellation in classical Greek is digamma, while, as a numeral, it was called episēmon during the Byzantine era.

Whereas in the early days of the practice it was considered wrong to construct words to disguise meaning, this is now an accepted and established practice.

Whereas Plato's demiurge is good wishing good on his creation, gnosticism contends that the demiurge is not only the originator of evil but is evil as well.

Whereas internalism about justification is a widely endorsed view, there is debate about knowledge internalism, due to Edmund Gettier and his Gettier-examples.

Whereas some venerated him for his aggressive stance against Israel, including firing missiles at Israeli targets, he was widely condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship.

Whereas previous computer generations had focused on increasing the number of logic elements in a single CPU, the fifth generation, it was widely believed at the time, would instead turn to massive numbers of CPUs for added performance.

Whereas in the nineteenth century egotism was still widely regarded as a traditional vice-for Nathaniel Hawthorne egotism was a sort of diseased self-contemplation-Romanticism had already set in motion a countervailing current, what Richard Eldridge described as a kind of “ cultural egotism, substituting the individual imagination for vanishing social tradition ”.

Whereas modern country began moving to FM around this time, classic country remained ( and still remains ) one of the few formats that has proven ideal for AM radio, particularly in rural areas ; prior to this transition, country was primarily an AM radio phenomenon and was most widely popular in rural areas.

Whereas tummo is generally described within the context of various Buddhist tantric systems, particularly the ' Mother tantras ' ( Wylie: ma rgyud ), and most widely taught within the Kagyu lineages, although a popular manual was written by Tsongkhapa, founder of the strictly monastic Gelug sect.

Whereas the flag of Slovakia ( then without coat of arms and thus identical to flag of the WWII Slovak Republic ) was widely used in Slovak part.

Whereas traditionally, the basal ganglia were thought to be primarily involved in sensory-motor functions, it has now become accepted that the basal ganglia, as a result of their involvement in a set of parallel, functionally segregated basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, which primarily entertain the premotor and prefrontal cortical cortices, are also involved in cognitive and “ limbic ” functions.

Whereas Cole, Jones and Wyatt had accepted machine production, Morris mixed design criticism with social criticism, insisting that the artist should be a craftsman-designer.

Whereas they found the early data inconclusive, the results of 2004 – 2007 were accepted as identification of element 114.

Whereas racial and gender passing is often stigmatized, class passing is generally accepted as normative behavior.

Whereas the utility of prospective power analysis in experimental design is universally accepted, the usefulness of retrospective techniques is controversial.

Whereas he accepted the classical Marxist analysis of society showing how one class exercises domination over another, he deviated from Marx in his failure to use dialectic as a method to propose ways to change.

Whereas Shelley had accepted death and changes in life in the first and second canto, he now turns to “ wistful reminiscence recalls an alternative possibility of transcendence ”.

Whereas the federal act states that, in the case of a referendum about the secession of a Canadian province, the House of Commons has the power to determine afterwards whether the question was clear enough and whether the obtained majority was large enough for the result to be accepted, the provincial one stipulates that Quebecers determine alone the manner in which to exercise their right to choose their political regime, and that the winning option in a referendum is whichever obtains 50 % of the votes plus one.

Whereas the mandatory responsibilities accepted by His Britannic Majesty in respect of ' Iraq will automatically terminate upon the admission of ' Iraq to the League of Nations ; and Whereas His Britannic Majesty and His Majesty the King of ' Iraq consider that the relations which will subsist between them as independent sovereigns should be defined by the conclusion of a Treaty of Alliance and Amity:

Whereas corsetting was accepted as necessary for beauty, health, and an upright military-style posture, tightlacing was viewed as vain and, especially at the height of Victorian Prudery, a sign of moral indecency.

Whereas Chinese people who adhere to various Protestant denominations in which case Chinese ancestor worship is viewed apparently as pagan rituals but are nevertheless accepted owing to the overwhelming majority of practitioners.

Whereas Plato condemned doxa ( beliefs and opinions ) as a starting point for achieving Truth, Aristotle uses the term endoxa ( commonly held beliefs accepted by the wise / by elder rhetors and / or by the public in general ) to acknowledge the beliefs of the city.