Whereas originally the term Navigation applies to the process of directing a ship to a destination, Navigation research deals with fundamental aspects of navigation in general.

Whereas the Capital markets are used for the raising of long term finance, such as the purchase of shares, or for loans that are not expected to be fully paid back for at least a year.

Whereas insulin regulates long-term food intake, increased amylin decreases food intake in the short term.

Whereas the term chess puzzle refers broadly to any puzzle involving aspects of chess, a chess problem is an orthodox puzzle ( see below ) in which one must play and win or draw a game, starting with a certain composition of pieces on the chess board, and playing within the standard rules of chess.

Whereas most sources limit the term Oceanids or Oceanides to the daughters, others include both the sons and daughters under this term.

Whereas: All elected officials of the Mayor and Council are four ( 4 ) year term.

Whereas the term " flashback " as a form of cinematography for these scenes is often heard, Miller himself rather speaks of " mobile concurrences ".

Whereas the term Member of Congress applies to members of both houses, the terms Congressman and Congresswoman usually refer only to members of the House of Representatives.

Whereas the functional form of the attractive term has a clear physical justification, the repulsive term has no theoretical justification.

Whereas a participant director is an individual participant or an officer, managing member or partner of a participant firm. 12 directors are divided into three equal classes ; each class serves a three-year term and there is one STP participant director in each class.

* Whereas the original U. S. Constitution did not use the word slavery or the term " Negro Slaves ", but " Person held to Service or Labour " which included whites in indentured servitude, the Confederate Constitution addresses the legality of slavery directly and by name.

Whereas mountainous peaks and thick forests do not really fit in with the term veld, bushes are acceptable.

Whereas rock musicians in Japan usually hate the term " pop ", Taro Kato, a member of pop punk band Beat Crusaders, pointed out that the encoded pop music, like pop art, was catchier than " J-pop " and he also said that J-pop was the music, memorable for its frequency of airplay, in an interview when the band completed their first full-length studio album under a major label, P. O. A.

Whereas the term orthographic is sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is parallel with the projection plane, in axonometric projection the plane or axis of the object is always drawn not parallel to the projection plane.

Whereas the term " kinesiologist " is neither a licensed nor professional designation in the United States nor most countries ( with the exception of Canada ), individuals with training in this area can teach physical education, provide consulting services, conduct research and develop policies related to rehabilitation, human motor performance, ergonomics, and occupational health and safety.

Whereas “ authority ” denotes a specific position in an established government, the term “ legitimacy ” denotes a system of government — wherein “ government ” denotes “ sphere of influence ”.

Whereas this term is often used for any unifacially flaked tool that defies classification, most lithic analysts maintain that the only true scrapers are defined on the base of use-wear, and are usually worked at their distal ends — i. e., " end scrapers.

Whereas theorists such as Jeffrey C. Alexander openly appropriated the term, others, such as the post-structuralist philosopher Michel Foucault, have been categorized as contemporary functionalists by their critics.

Whereas the term " crisis " is often used by people to refer to the period following the 1973 oil crisis history does not confirm this belief.

Whereas this term is often used for any unifacially flaked stone tool that defies classification, most lithic analysts maintain that the only true scrapers are defined on the base of use-wear, and usually are those that were worked on the distal ends of blades -- i. e., " end scrapers " or grattoirs.

Whereas Plato condemned doxa ( beliefs and opinions ) as a starting point for achieving Truth, Aristotle uses the term endoxa ( commonly held beliefs accepted by the wise / by elder rhetors and / or by the public in general ) to acknowledge the beliefs of the city.

Whereas in many other Commonwealth countries the Victoria Cross can only be awarded for actions against the enemy in a wartime setting, the Canadian government has a broader definition of the term enemy, and so the Victoria Cross can be awarded for action against armed mutineers, pirates, or other such hostile forces without war being officially declared.

Whereas technically the two roles were not mutually exclusive, they were very different in roles and duties.

Whereas the development process used by Kodachrome was technically intricate and beyond the means of amateur photographers and smaller photographic labs, Ektachrome was a product that small professional labs could afford equipment to develop.

Whereas encryption usually refers to operations carried out in the digital domain, scrambling usually refers to operations carried out in the analog domain.

Whereas atman refers to the self, jiva refers to the living being, the exact comprehension of which varies throughout the philosophical schools.

Whereas, however, these are typically nonmagnetic, here the " glass property " refers essentially to the magnetic properties only, i. e. to the spin structure only.

Whereas the undiscovered country referred to in Hamlet ( and its intended meaning in The Wrath of Khan ) refers to death, Star Trek VIs use of the phrase refers to a future where Klingons and humans coexist in peace.

Whereas ' economies of scale ' for a firm primarily refers to reductions in average cost ( cost per unit ) associated with increasing the scale of production for a single product type, ' economies of scope ' refers to lowering average cost for a firm in producing two or more products.

Whereas philately is concerned with the study of the stamps per se, including the technical aspects of stamp production and distribution, philatelic postal history refers to stamps as historical documents ; similarly re postmarks, postcards, envelopes and the letters they contain.

Whereas onomatopoeia refers to the use of words to imitate actual sounds, there are languages known for having a special class of words that " imitate " soundless states or events, called phenomimes ( when they describe external phenomena ) and psychomimes ( when they describe psychological states ).

Whereas intelligence quotient sees intelligence as being a single measurable characteristic affecting all mental ability, aptitude refers to one of many different characteristics which can be independent of each other, such as aptitude for military flight, air traffic control, or computer programming.

Whereas animism tends to view life as taking the form of discrete spirits, and panpsychism tends to refer to strictly philosophical views like that of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, hylozoism refers largely to views such as those of the earliest Greek philosophers ( 6th and 5th centuries BC ), who treated the magnet as alive because of its attractive powers ( Thales ), or air as divine ( Anaximenes ), perhaps because of its apparently spontaneous power of movement, or because of its role as essential for life in animals.

Whereas Revenue Management involves predicting consumer behavior by segmenting markets, forecasting demand, and optimizing prices for several different types of products, Yield Management refers specifically to maximizing revenue through inventory control.

Whereas formerly the trivial name " mycoplasma " has commonly denoted any member of the class Mollicutes, nowadays it refers exclusively to a member of the genus Mycoplasma.

Whereas statistical randomness refers to the process that produces the string ( e. g. flipping a coin to produce each bit will randomly produce a string ), algorithmic randomness refers to the string itself.

Whereas capability refers to the real options that someone has in order to pursue his subjective functionings who prefers most.

Whereas the original wording made reference to rights acquired " by way of land claim settlement ," the current version refers to rights that " now exist by way of land claims agreements or may be so acquired.

Whereas a scalar CPU must complete the entire process of fetching, decoding, and executing each instruction and value in a set of data, a vector CPU can perform a single operation on a comparatively large set of data with one instruction.

Whereas some text search engines require users to enter two or three words separated by white space, other search engines may enable users to specify entire documents, pictures, sounds, and various forms of natural language.

Whereas early monasteries are considered to have been held in common by the entire sangha, in later years this tradition diverged in a number of countries.

Whereas architecture focuses on individual buildings, urban design address the larger scale of groups of buildings, of streets and public spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities, to make urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable.

Whereas in the comics, Krypton was colorful and bright, in Superman, the planet was envisioned as having stark white terrain of jagged frozen plateaus, stretching broadly under heavy, dark skies ( becoming redder as their sun grew toward becoming supernova ), prompting Jor-El to attempt to persuade the immediate evacuation of the entire planet to the council of elders, to avoid perishing in the cataclysm, to no avail.

Whereas a third party logistics ( 3PL ) service provider targets a function, a 4PL targets management of the entire process.

Whereas the ocelot mostly pursues prey on the ground, the margay may spend its entire life in the trees, leaping after and chasing birds and monkeys through the treetops.

Whereas the Confederates had failed to defeat their enemies in eight years of fighting, Cromwell was able to succeed in three years in conquering the entire island of Ireland, because his troops were well supplied, well equipped ( especially with artillery ), and well trained.

Whereas Wiles had intended to replace Hartnell with another actor but playing the same character, Lloyd and Davis elected to change the entire personality and appearance of the Doctor.

Whereas glycemic index is defined for each type of food, glycemic load can be calculated for any size serving of a food, an entire meal, or an entire day's meals.

Whereas the entire Rankin River drainage basin has excellent ( greater than 35 %) forest cover, the riparian zones have only fair ( 25 % to 50 %) forest cover.

Whereas in the 1950s, Mercedes-Benz was producing hand-assembled 300s and 300SLs along with conveyor assembled Pontoons ( 190, 190SL and 220 ) etc., the fintail () family united the entire Mercedes-Benz range of vehicles onto one automobile platform, reducing production time and costs.

Whereas rehearsal letters " reset " for each movement of a multi-movement work ( even for connected movements ), rehearsal numbers typically run over the course of the entire work, even if the movements are not connected.

Whereas John Wiles, the previous producer to Lloyd, had intended to replace Hartnell with another actor but playing the same character, Lloyd and Davis elected to change the entire personality and appearance of the Doctor.

Whereas most systems indirectly encouraged users to simply " leech " files and then leave, users waiting for downloads on FirstClass had an entire modem channel free for uploading or writing.

Whereas nat pwes are annual events celebrating a particular member of the 37 Nats regarded as the tutelary spirit in a local region within a local community, with familial custodians of the place and tradition and with royal sponsorship in ancient times, hence evocative of royal rituals, there are also nat kannah pwes where individuals would have a pavilion set up in a neighbourhood and the ritual is generally linked to the entire pantheon of nats.