While in high school, he built a wind-driven 12-volt electrical system using old car parts — it gave the ranch its first electric power.

While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual ( i. e. masking ) techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding.

While this port shares the FMV scenes and most of the Redbook audio music from the other CD-ROM versions, it has some new music tracks.

While data reduction ( compression, be it lossy or lossless ) is a main goal of transform coding, it also allows other goals: one may represent data more accurately for the original amount of space – for example, in principle, if one starts with an analog or high-resolution digital master, an MP3 file of a given size should provide a better representation than a raw uncompressed audio in WAV or AIFF file of the same size.

While adapting the dielectric device by adding circuitry to generate an audio tone, Theremin noticed the pitch changed when his hand moved around.

While RTP carries the media streams ( e. g., audio and video ), RTCP is used to monitor transmission statistics and quality of service ( QoS ) and aids synchronization of multiple streams.

While subtractive synthesis can be applied to any source audio signal, the sound most commonly associated with the technique is that of analog synthesizers of the 1960s and 1970s, in which the harmonics of simple waveforms such as sawtooth, pulse or square waves are attenuated with a voltage-controlled resonant low-pass filter.

While many game companies went from FM synthesis or General MIDI in the early 1990s to CD audio and pre-rendered audio, many of the Epic games used the less common system of module music, composed with a tracker, which used stored PCM sound effects sequenced together to produce music.

While the Tandy DAC's features compared favorably to those offered by Creative's 8-bit Sound Blaster audio cards, it never saw widespread adoption by software developers.

While the compression used in audio recording and the like depends on a variable-gain amplifier, and so is a locally linear process ( linear for short regions, but not globally ), companding is non-linear and takes place in the same way at all points in time.

While not purely a hardware synth, the DS-XG sound cards based on the Yamaha YMF-7 # 4 family of audio chipsets ( including 724, 744, 754, and 764 ), including the Yamaha WaveForce 192 ( SW192XG ) as well as many from other manufacturers and even some PC motherboards with such an audio chipset, included hardware-assisted software VL physical modelling ( like a VL70m or PLG-VL, and compatible with same ) along with the Yamaha XG, wave audio, and 3D gaming sound capabilities of the chipset.

While most competing widescreen film systems used magnetic audio and true stereophonic sound, early VistaVision carried only Perspecta Stereo, encoded in the optical track.

While this approach preserved acceptable backward compatibility with monoaural audio heads, the splitting of the audio track degraded the signal's SNR to the point that audible tape hiss was objectionable at normal listening volume.

While the video signal can easily hide the head-switching point in the invisible vertical retrace section of the signal, so that the exact switching point is not very important, the same is obviously not possible with a continuous audio signal that has no inaudible sections.

While motion picture projectors soon allowed film to be shown to large theater audiences, audio technology before the development of electric amplification could not project to satisfactorily fill large spaces.

While ZIP may compress a CD-quality audio file by 10 – 20 %, FLAC achieves compression rates of 30 – 50 % for most music, with significantly greater compression for voice recordings.

While the input signal to an audio amplifier may measure only a few hundred microwatts, its output may be tens, hundreds, or thousands of watts.

While there, Fessenden, experimenting with a high-frequency spark transmitter, successfully transmitted speech on December 23, 1900 over a distance of about 1. 6 kilometers ( one mile ), which appears to have been the first audio radio transmission.

While online critics such as Peter Gutmann have dismissed much of what was written about Toscanini during his lifetime as " adoring puffery ", it neverthleless remains a fact that composers and others who worked with the Maestro readily acknowledged what they felt was his greatness, and audio interviews containing the praise of such luminaries as Aaron Copland still exist.

While MP3 is much more popular for PC and Internet applications, MP2 remains a dominant standard for audio broadcasting.

While some DVD recorders store audio in MP2 and many consumer-authored DVDs use the format, commercial DVDs with MP2 soundtracks are rare.

While Capcom's first product was the coin-operated Little League from July 1983, its first real video game, the arcade title Vulgus, was released in May 1984.

While low-quality at first, consumer digital video increased rapidly in quality, first with the introduction of playback standards such as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 ( adopted for use in television transmission and DVD media ), and then the introduction of the DV tape format allowing recording direct to digital data and simplifying the editing process, allowing non-linear editing systems ( NLE ) to be deployed cheaply and widely on desktop computers with no external playback / recording equipment needed.

While the term " impi " has become synonymous with the Zulu nation in international popular culture, it appears in various video games such as Civilization III, Civilization IV: Warlords and Civilization: Revolution, where the Impi is the unique unit for the Zulu faction with Shaka as their leader and also as an appearance as unique unit of the Bantu nation in Rise of Nation ( Zulus are among many tribes who make up the Bantu people ).

While other arcade video games such as Computer Space came before it, Pong was one of the first video games to reach mainstream popularity.

While conceding that he saw no artistic merit in some violent video games, King also opined that such games reflect the violence that already exists in society, which would not be lessened by such a law, and would be redundant in light of the ratings system that already exists for video games.

While delay due to buffering is acceptable in video on demand scenarios, users of interactive applications such as video conferencing will experience a loss of fidelity if the delay that buffering contributes to exceeds 200 ms.

While a home video game also titled Street Fighter: The Movie was released for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn, it is not a port but a separately produced game based on the same premise.

** While waiting at a bus stop, Ralph Baer an inventor with Sanders Associates, writes a four-page document which lays out the basic principles for creating a video game to be played on a television: the beginning of a multi billion dollar industry.

While many video artists have been quick to adopt new technologies to their medium, Viola relies little on computer editing.

While the 3-voice sound chip and DAC were still present, Tandy video was dropped.

While the other " Spider-Friends " perform so well that Jameson triples their route, Spidey finally beats the level boss that had been blocking his progress in the video game — that boss being a giant, pistol-wielding Ms.

While the BIOS video interface routines were adequate for rudimentary output, they were inefficient ; they did not have " string " output ( only output by individual character ) and they inserted delay periods to compensate for CGA hardware " snow " ( a display artifact of CGA cards produced when writing directly to screen memory )-- an especially bad artifact since they were called by IRQs, thus making multitasking very difficult.

While arcade games were still relatively popular during the 1990s, this type of media saw a continuous decline in popularity in the Western world when video game consoles made the transition from 2D to 3D.

While in Sydney, the band shot the video for their next single, " Warning ", from March 7 until March 11.

While the system is far too vast to allow complete real-time monitoring, it stores the video data for later usage in order to provide possible evidence in criminal cases.

While starring on Full House, the Olsens also began appearing ( as separate characters ) in films for video and television.

While an off-air recording of this performance was heavily bootlegged on video for decades, the master tape was later located and subsequently released on DVD as Circa 72 2006.

While only adequate technically, the video captured the energy and playfulness of Springsteen and the E Street Band in concert, and was the first such introduction many casual fans had.

While many technology stocks were eventually destroyed in the dot-com crash in the early 2000s, the stock prices of the video game publishers recovered as a group ; several of the larger publishers such as EA and Take2 achieved historical highs in the mid-2000s.

While aircraft communications provide the backbone for safe flight, the tactical systems are designed to withstand the rigors of the battle field.

While the creator of the NES version would be restricted from making a competitive version of an NES game, the original arcade copyright holder was not precluded from licensing out rights for a home version of an arcade game to multiple systems.

While modern systems distinguish between offences against the " State " or " Community ", and offences against the " Individual ", the so-called penal law of ancient communities did not deal with " crimes " ( Latin: crimina ), but with " wrongs " ( Latin: delicta ).

While integrating garbage collection into the language's compiler and runtime system enables a much wider choice of methods, post hoc GC systems exist, including some that do not require recompilation.

While it has skin and blood ( cellular organic systems ), these serve mainly as a disguise and are not symbiotic with the machine components, a trait of true cyborgs.

While many of these systems involve cars permanently attached to the cable, the system developed by Poma-Otis, a company formed by the merger of the cable car interests of the Pomagalski ski lift company and the Otis Elevator Company, allows the car to be decoupled from the cable under computer control, and can thus be considered a modern interpretation of the cable car.

While conventional tax credit systems are structured to treat all private school participants equally, neovoucher systems effectively delegate to individual private taxpayers ( those owing money to the state ) the power to decide which private schools will benefit.

While traditional mechanical or hydraulic control systems usually fail gradually, the loss of all flight control computers could immediately render the aircraft uncontrollable.

While its morphological categories have been fairly stable over time, morphological changes are present throughout, particularly in the nominal and verbal systems.

While few players " play Goren " exactly today, the point count approach he popularized remains the foundation for most bidding systems.

While the earlier era was characterized by a dramatic use of the major and minor scale systems, impressionist music tended to make more use of dissonance.

While these two causes have not been proven they ’ re likely suspects as they cause issues with both the blood flow and nervous systems.

While, strictly speaking, this does not conform to the ISO 9660 standard, most operating systems which can read ISO 9660 file systems have no problem with out-of-spec names.

While most modern IDEs are graphical, IDEs in use before the advent of windowing systems ( such as Microsoft Windows or X Window System ( X11 )) were text-based, using function keys or hotkeys to perform various tasks ( Turbo Pascal is a common example ).

While testifying at the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District trial Behe conceded that there are no peer-reviewed papers supporting his claims that complex molecular systems, like the bacterial flagellum, the blood-clotting cascade, and the immune system, were intelligently designed nor are there any peer-reviewed articles supporting his argument that certain complex molecular structures are " irreducibly complex.

While these institutes have their own independent curriculum as well as examination systems, the final degree is offered by Jadavpur University.

While originally conceived of as an interface to knowledge based systems, it was soon repurposed as an Agent communication language.

While GEE had a range of about 400 miles ( 644 km ), initial LORAN systems had a range of 1, 200 miles ( 1, 930 km ).

While the types of writing systems in Mesoamerica range from minimalist " picture-writing " to complex logophonetic systems capable of recording speech and literature, they all share some core features that make them visually and functionally distinct from other writing systems of the world.

While Weber shares some of Marx's consternation with bureaucratic systems and maligns them as being capable of advancing their own logic to the detriment of human freedom and autonomy, Weber views conflict as perpetual and inevitable and does not host the spirit of a materially available utopia.