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While Chinese boats continued traveling to Japan, Ryukyu, and many location in South-East Asia both before and after the Yongle era, Zheng He's expeditions were China's only major sea-going explorations of the world ( although the Chinese may have been sailing to Arabia, East Africa, and Egypt since the Tang Dynasty, from AD 618 – 907 or earlier ).
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While and Chinese
While Zhuyin is not used as a mainstream writing system, it is still often used in ways similar to a romanization system — that is, for aiding in pronunciation and as an input method for Chinese characters on computers and cellphones.
* Egg roll – While native Chinese spring rolls have a thin crispy skin with mushrooms, bamboo, and other vegetables inside, the Westernized version ( specifically the version found in such American Northeast metro areas as Boston and New York ) uses a thick, fried skin stuffed with cabbage and usually bits of meat or seafood ( such as pork or shrimp ), but no egg.
While the phonetic system is easy to learn, choosing appropriate Chinese characters slows typing speed.
While the transcription of the Chinese words used by Ricci was not very consistent, he systematically used Latin p and t for unaspirated Chinese sounds that Pinyin renders as b and d. Accordingly, Ricci called the adherents of Laozi, Tausu (, Pinyin: Daoshi ), which was rendered as Tausa in an early English translation published by Samuel Purchas ( 1625 ).
While saltpeter was called " Chinese Snow " by Arabs, it was called " Chinese salt " by the Iranians / Persians.
While the Manchus followed the governmental structure of the preceding Ming dynasty, their ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Manchu noblemen and Han Chinese officials who had passed the highest levels of the state examinations, and because of the small number of Manchus, this insured that a large fraction of them would be government officials.
While it is true that some of the cognate sets presented by supporters of the Sino-Bodic hypothesis are confined to Chinese and Bodic, many others are found in Tibeto-Burman languages generally and thus do not serve as evidence for a special relationship between Chinese and Bodic.
While his duty did not include combat, he claims to have witnessed acts of war between Chinese and Japanese soldiers.
While there is doubt about the level of Songtsän Gampo's interest in Buddhism, it is known that he married a Chinese Tang Dynasty Buddhist princess, Wencheng, who came to Tibet with a statue of Shakyamuni Buddha.
While kanji are essentially Chinese hanzi used to write Japanese, there are now significant differences between kanji used in Japanese and Chinese characters used in Chinese.
While taking the city, the Portuguese slaughter a large community of Chinese merchants living there.
* While engaged in a war with the Mongols, the Song Chinese official Li Zengbo writes in his Kozhai Zagao, Xugaohou that the city of Qingzhou is manufacturing one to two thousand strong iron-cased gunpowder bomb shells a month, dispatching to Xiangyang and Yingzhou about ten to twenty thousand such bombs at a time.
While most of the Tang army was made of fubing Chinese conscripts, the majority of the troops led by Turkic generals were of non-Chinese origin, campaigning largely in the western frontier where the presence of fubing troops was low.
While it continues to be lauded to be the major force that defeated " imperialism and feudalism " and created a " New China " by the Communist Party of China, the ideology survives only in name on the Communist Party's Constitution ; Deng Xiaoping abolished most Maoist practices in 1978, advancing a guiding ideology called " Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
While Aristotle, Theon of Alexandria, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) and Chinese philosopher Mozi had earlier described the effects of a single light passing through a pinhole, none of them suggested that what is being projected onto the screen is an image of everything on the other side of the aperture.
While not a direct derivative, the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft follows the basic template originally pioneered by Soyuz.
While the extent of Prince Asaka's responsibility for the massacre remains a matter of debate, the ultimate sanction for the massacre and the crimes committed during the invasion of China were issued in Emperor Hirohito's ratification of the Japanese army's proposition to remove the constraints of international law on the treatment of Chinese prisoners on August 5, 1937.
While Roman handwriting has influenced American and European text, different writing systems have developed in the East, including Chinese and Japanese.
While scholars are still debating the subject, there is a growing acceptance that the simple spiral, when found in Chinese art, is an early symbol for the sun.
While the western powers were in session to mediate the situation, the Chinese troops were making their final stand in Shanghai and had all hopes for a western intervention that would save China from collapse.
While and boats
While still not fast enough to engage torpedo boats reliably, she at least had the armament to deal with them.
While Howland Island was colonized in 1935 as a future aviation facility and is known in popular culture mostly because of its association with the last flight of Earhart and Noonan, no aircraft is known to have ever landed there, although anchorages nearby could be used by floatplanes and flying boats during World War II.
While there have been and still are many stationary applications, the real strength of internal combustion engines is in mobile applications and they dominate as a power supply for cars, aircraft, and boats.
While the battleship had evolved primarily around engagements between armoured ships with large-caliber guns, the torpedo allowed torpedo boats and other lighter surface ships, submersibles, even ordinary fishing boats or frogmen, and later, aircraft, to destroy large armoured ships without the need of large guns, though sometimes at the risk of being hit by longer-range shellfire.
While a significant majority of water vessels are powered by diesel engines, with sail power and gasoline engines also remaining popular, boats powered by electricity have been used for over 120 years.
; Efficiency: While there are losses in the charge / discharge cycle and in the conversion of electricity to motive power, Rutter points out that most electric boats need only about 1. 5 kW or 2 hp to cruise at 5 mph, a common maximum river speed and that a 30 hp petrol or diesel engine producing only 2 hp is considerably more inefficient.
While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting a motor or engine turning a propeller, or less frequently, in jet drives, an impeller.
While French skirmishers kept the English garrison of Saint-Loup contained, a fleet of boats from Orleans sailed down to the landing to pick up the supplies, Joan and 200 spearmen.
While this technique makes the assumption that artists scaled the models appropriately, it is useful to get some sense of how large these ships and boats may have been in real life.
* The 1970 Tim Buckley song " Venice Beach " includes the lyrics " White heat of swaying day / Dark slap of conga cries / ' Come out and breathe as one '/ Salt sea and fiddles drone / Out on the dancing stone / While the Santanas blow / Sing the music boats in the bay.
While both lakes are open to the public and motorized boats, most of the land around the City Lake is privately owned with over three hundred lake houses.
While there are no real restrictions on the length or width of boats, draught is limited to and headroom to, although the river is tidal, and so these values can fluctuate depending on the state of the tide.
While he thought that all three were possible, he suggested that the valley was too steep to allow a conventional canal with locks to be economic, and he therefore proposed a tub-boat canal, suitable for four-ton boats, which would use two inclined planes on the upper section, rather than locks.
While the river is navigable for to Tongue End, the upper reaches above Pinchbeck Bars are only suitable for smaller boats, as there are no locations where it is possible to turn a boat which is over long.
While Rabbi Schneerson rarely chose to involve himself with questions of halakha ( Jewish law ), some notable exceptions were with regard to the use of electrical appliances on Shabbat, sailing on Israeli boats staffed by Jews, and halakhic dilemmas related to certain religious observances which may arise when crossing the International Date Line.
While in command at Sasebo, the Japanese Navy was shaken by the " Tomozuru Incident ", when it was determined that the basic design of the Chidori-class torpedo boats was flawed, thus calling into question the basic designs of many of the warships in the Japanese navy.
While we moderns consider rivers as obstacles that need to be crossed, people in the 19th century valued rivers not just as sources of food and water but as passages for trading barges and boats.
While most liveaboards around the world are usually made from fiber and steel hull boats, in Indonesia, traditional pinisi boats made from teak wood are commonly used.
While the Battle of Latakia was the first naval battle in history between missile boats, it was not the first incident in which a missile boat sank another ship using missiles.
While remnants of boat launches still exist, all launches have been removed from the lake ; all boats must be hand carried to the water.
While a fully equipped racing boat might have a number of spinnakers, both symmetric and asymmetric, to cover all courses and wind conditions, cruising boats almost always use an asymmetric, due to the broader application and easier handling afforded by the asymmetric.
While Kawanishi was best known for its seaplanes, such as the Kawanishi H6K and H8K flying boats, its N1K-J land-based fighter-derived from their Kawanishi N1K1 floatplane fighter-was considered one of the best in the war.
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