While Qing dynasty abolished appointment of hereditary headmen, slavery and the treatment of poor peasants as serfs continued through 1949.

While their old lands were being worked by slaves, the peasants were often forced into idleness in Rome where they had to subsist on hand outs due to a scarcity of paid work.

While Wycliffe and other Lollards opposed the revolt, one of the peasants ’ leaders, John Ball, preached Lollardy.

While many notable historical events occurred in Moscow and St. Petersburg, there was also a visible movement in cities throughout the state, among national minorities throughout the empire and in the rural areas, where peasants took over and redistributed land.

While rural agrarian peasants had been emancipated from serfdom in 1861, they still resented paying redemption payments to the state, and demanded communal tender of the land they worked.

While presuras allowed Castile to have the only nonfeudal peasants in Europe other than Scandinavians and Frisians, fueros remained as city charters until the 18th century in Aragon, Valencia and Catalonia and until the 19th century in Castile and Navarre.

While the cities wanted a peaceful front yard without powerful influence of whomsoever, the Ditmarsians were more in favour of autonomy of free peasants.

While Władysław enjoyed the support of the Lesser Polish peasants, knights, and part of the clergy, who preferred a prince from the domestic Piast dynasty, he had to defer to Václav II of Bohemia, who had the support of the local lords.

While Chen believed that the focus of revolutionary struggle in China should primarily concern the workers, Mao had started to theorize about the primacy of the peasants.

While welcomed at first as liberators, the Austrians quickly disenchanted the inhabitants by imposing rigid administrative, fiscal, judicial and political reforms which were meant to centralize and integrate the territory ( antagonizing both ends of the social spectrum: withdrawing privileges from the nobility and enforcing taxes for peasants ).

While the bulk of Makhno's forces consisted of ethnic Ukrainian peasants, he did not consider himself to be a Ukrainian nationalist, but rather an anarchist.

While Nikephoros I and his army pillaged and plundered the Bulgarian capital, Krum mobilized as many soldiers as possible, giving weapons even to peasants and women.

While the armies of the First Coalition threatened the north-east of France, a revolt of the Royalist peasants in Brittany and La Vendée menaced the Convention on the west.

While he sympathized with the peasants ' grievances, he was enraged at the widespread burning of convents, monasteries, bishops ’ palaces, and libraries.

While Croatia was still under the rule of Budapest and Vienna, the HSS sought for greater autonomy, peasants ' rights and land reform.

While there was a higher rate of rejection in urban areas, most of these refractory priests ( like most of the population ) lived in the countryside, and the Civil Constitution generated considerable resentment among religious peasants.

While the specific manifestation of the fear of brigands ( who they were, what they were most likely to attack ) may have been contingent upon local contexts, as Tackett argues, nevertheless, that the brigands were perceived as a genuine threat to the peasants across the country in a wide-variety of local contexts speaks to a more systemic disorder.

While working for the Institute he became involved with peasants and workers in community development at Kamiriithu, Limuru.

While some use the word folk to mean only peasants or remote cultures, the folklorist Alan Dundes ( 1934 – 2005 ) of the University of California at Berkeley calls this definition a “ misguided and narrow concept of the folk as the illiterate in a literate society ” ( Devolutionary Premise, 13 ).

While today spelt is a specialty crop, its popularity as a peasants ' staple food of the past has been attested in literature.

: While aged peasants, too amazed for words,

While enjoying themselves at their courts, they left it to the Jewish leaseholders and collectors to become objects of hatred to the oppressed and long-suffering peasants.

While Ukrainian peasants and Cossacks were in many cases the perpetrators of massacres of Polish szlachta members and their collaborators, they also suffered horrendous loss of life resulting from Polish reprisals, Tatar raids, famine, plague and general destruction due to war.

While his father grabbed power in the Sangju region, he independently marshalled local peasants to his cause, and soon gathered many followers.

While the arithmetic mean is often used to report central tendencies, it is not a robust statistic, meaning that it is greatly influenced by outliers.

While central registries are kept in some countries which aid in proving claims of ownership, registering does not necessarily prove ownership, nor does the fact of copying ( even without permission ) necessarily prove that copyright was infringed.

While capital adequacy is important, it is defined and regulated by the Bank for International Settlements, and central banks in practice generally do not apply stricter rules.

While this type of independence is more common, many central banks prefer to announce their policy goals in partnership with the appropriate government departments.

While reliance on prayer is central to Christian Science, Christian Scientists are not officially required to refuse medicine.

The power of making by-laws was “ tacitly annexed to corporations by the very act of their establishment .” While they must not directly contradict the overarching laws of the land, the central or local government cannot be expected to regulate toward the peculiar circumstances of a given body, and so “ they are invested with authority to make regulations for the management of their own interests and affairs .”

While they may hold the document as sacred, and most certainly as central to Christianity, they are also aware of the historical and cultural context in which it was originally written through archaeological and from critical study.

While this applies immediately only to scalar-valued estimators, it can be extended to any measure of central tendency of a distribution: see median-unbiased estimators.

While the new capital was easier to defend, it was poorly situated to allow Roman forces to protect central Italy from the increasingly regular threat of barbarian incursions.

While politicians were previously involved in setting interest rates, the central bank was given an inflation-targeting mandate until Finland joined the eurozone.

) While in the mountain town of Orizaba in central Mexico, she married Juan Jaramillo, a Spanish hidalgo.

While by no means a central authority of the Lollards, the Twelve Conclusions reveal certain basic Lollard ideas.

While these results originally seemed too simple or too technical to warrant independent interest, they have turned out to be central to the theories in which they occur.

While microscopy is a central tool in the documentation of biological specimens, it is, in general, insufficient to justify the description of a new species based on microscopic investigations alone.

While claims of racial bias in the writings of Rudolf Steiner and Alice Bailey were made, Bailey was firmly opposed to the Axis powers ; she believed that Adolf Hitler was possessed by the Dark Forces, and Steiner emphasized racial equality as a principle central to anthroposophical thought and humanity's progress.

While originally used primarily for encrypting the contents of e-mail messages and attachments from a desktop client, PGP products have been diversified since 2002 into a set of encryption applications which can be managed by an optional central policy server.

While Islam was easily displaced over the years among the peoples of Luzon, and the Visayas, it retained a foothold in the central parts of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago.

While the central company was responsible for feeding in moves and mailing the processed output back to players, players were also provided with the mailing addresses of others so that direct contact could be made and negotiations performed.

While ATMs ( as well as the remote memory systems discussed below ) use the card merely to identify the associated account and record changes in a central database, stored value systems make a physical alteration to the card to reflect the new balance after a call.

While the nature of these objects was controversial until as recently as the early 1980s, there is now a scientific consensus that a quasar is a compact region in the center of a massive galaxy surrounding its central supermassive black hole.

" While Suleiman was campaigning in Hungary, Turkmen tribes in central Anatolia revolted under the leadership of Kalender Çelebi.

While still in France, Paine formed the Church of Theophilanthropy with five other families ; this civil religion held as its central dogma that man should worship God's wisdom and benevolence and imitate those divine attributes as much as possible.

While working for the central court, Zhang Heng had access to a variety of written materials located in the Archives of the Eastern Pavilion.

While the thinner shell wall and absence of a central tube allowed the shell to carry far more bullets, it had the disadvantage that the bursting charge separated the bullets from the shell casing by firing the case forward and at the same time slowing the bullets down as they were ejected through the base of the shell casing, rather than increasing their velocity.

While it is used for various disorders of these systems, it is noted that excessively, it may dull the mind or cause severe conditions such as central paralysis, thus it is recommended to be used under the supervision of an ayurvedic doctor.