While concentrated on establishing a modern, centralised state in Sicily, he was mostly absent from Germany and issued far-reaching privileges to Germany's secular and ecclesiastical princes: In the 1220 Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis, Frederick gave up a number of regalia in favour of the bishops, among them tariffs, coining, and fortification.

While the consecrated life is neither clerical nor lay by definition, clerics can be members of institutes of consecrated, or secular ( diocesan ), life.

While early motets were liturgical or sacred, by the end of the thirteenth century the genre had expanded to include secular topics, such as courtly love.

" While insisting on strict adherence to Jewish beliefs and practices, he held that Jews should attempt to engage and influence the modern world, and encouraged those secular studies compatible with Torah thought.

While the Middle Ages did see secular politics in practice under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire, the academic field was wholly scholastic and therefore Christian in nature.

# While every society must have some common aims, which implies there must be agreed on methods of problem-solving, and a common framework of law ; in a secular society these are as limited as possible.

While the secular society does not set any overall aim, it helps its members realize their aims.

While Secular Coalition for America is linked to many secular humanistic organizations and many secular humanists support it, as with the Secular Society, some non-humanists support it.

While his biographer, Tim Pat Coogan, speculated that questions surrounding de Valera's legitimacy may have been a deciding factor in his not entering religious life, being illegitimate would have been a bar to receiving orders only as a secular or diocesan cleric, not as a member of a religious order.

While secular courts often treated suspects ferociously, Will and Ariel Durant argued in The Age of Faith that many of the most vicious procedures were inflicted upon pious heretics by even more pious friars.

While it probably was not Bruni's intention to secularize history, the three period view of history is unquestionably secular and for that Bruni has been called the first modern historian.

While not compromising on religious issues and their strict code of life, Haredi Jews have become more open to the secular Israeli culture.

While so-called ' pitched ' brick vaulting, which could be constructed without centering, may date back in the Ancient Near East to the 2nd millennium BC, the earliest evidence of the pointed masonry arch appears in late Roman and Sassanian architecture, mostly evidenced in early church building in Syria and Mesopotamia, but occasionally also in secular structures like the Karamagara Bridge.

While Patel vehemently denied such allegations, the acrimony with Maulana Azad and other secular Muslim leaders increased when Patel refused to dismiss Delhi's Sikh police commissioner, who was accused of discrimination.

While other parties ( Kach, Herut ) have advocated transfer, Moledet is the party most associated with this notion in Israel, due to its almost lack of any other element in its platform, and due to Ze ' evi's success in bringing together opposing elements ( in particular, both secular and religious ) under the transfer flag.

While it recalls the secular frescoes of the pleasure palace of the Villa Farnesina in Rome, it is also a strikingly novel form of interior decoration.

While still a young man it became his ambition to occupy a rabbinical position in a larger German town ; for he desired to show the older rabbis that secular and philosophical scholarship could well be harmonized with rabbinical erudition.

While Sarkozy created the French Council of the Muslim Faith, an official body which is now dominated by Orthodoxes, Villepin would have preferred a " Muslim foundation ", in which mosque-based representatives would be balanced by secular Muslims.

While the Byzantine Eastern Roman Emperors retained full Roman imperium and made the episcopate subservient, in the feudal West a long rivalry would oppose the claims to supremacy within post-Roman Christianity between sacerdotium ( the ' priesthood ', i. e. the clergy ministering the word and will of God ) in the person of the Pope and the secular imperium of the revived Western Roman Emperor since Charlemagne.

While in New York, Young regularly appeared on Look Up and Live, a weekly Sunday morning television program on CBS, produced by the National Council of Churches in an effort to reach out to secular youth.

While the ecclesiastical courts of England, like those on the continent, adopted the inquisitional system, the secular common law courts continued to operate under the adversarial system.

While he encouraged study of secular subjects, Cassiodorus clearly considered them useful primarily as aids to the study of divinity, much in the same manner as St. Augustine.

While early Jewish individuals such as Spinoza and Salomon Maimon advocated secular identity, it remained until the late 19th century for secular Jewish ideologies to replace Judaism.

While refuting reincarnation, the Saadia Gaon further states that Jews who hold to reincarnation have adopted non-Jewish beliefs.

While the rural upper class tried several times to finally expel the Jews, the financial interests of the authorities prevented this.

" While Disraeli did not argue that the Jews did the Christians a favour by killing Christ, as he had in Tancred and would in Lord George Bentinck, his speech was badly received by his own party, which along with the Anglican establishment was hostile to the bill.

While the Gregorian calendar is widely used in Israel's business and day-to-day affairs, the Hebrew calendar, used by Jews worldwide for religious and cultural affairs, also influences civil matters in Israel ( such as national holidays ) and can be used there for business dealings ( such as for the dating of checks ).

While ethnicity and culture play a large part in Jewish identity, they are not the only way Jews define themselves as Jews.

While God does not change, our perception of God does, and so, Jews are open to new experiences of God's presence.

While the Roman church was presumably founded by Jewish Christians, the exile of Jews from Rome in AD 49 by Claudius resulted in Gentile Christians taking leadership positions.

While there were victims from many groups, Jews were the main targets.

While Esperanto itself was not enough cause for execution, its use was extended among Jews or trade unionists and encouraged contacts with foreigners.

While much of the attempt at gender equity in mainstream Christianity ( Judaism never recognized any gender for God ) is aimed at reinterpreting scripture and degenderizing language used to name and describe the divine ( Ruether, 1984 ; Plaskow, 1991 ), there are a growing number of people who identify as Christians or Jews who are trying to integrate goddess imagery into their religions ( Kien, 2000 ; Kidd 1996 ," Goddess Christians Yahoogroup ").

While Conservative Jews have varied views regarding the origin of the Torah and its authority today, and believe it can be continuously reinterpreted.

While there have been Jewish groups whose beliefs were claimed to be based on the written text of the Torah alone ( e. g., the Sadducees, and the Karaites ), most Jews believed in what they call the oral law.

While it retains traditional references to a personal redeemer and prayers for the restoration of the Davidic line in the liturgy, Conservative Jews are more inclined to accept the idea of a messianic era:

While the gentile peoples, seduced by demons, had deserted the true God for idols, the Jews and Samaritans possessed the revelation given through the prophets and awaited the Messiah.

While this approach, requiring absolute purity, was rejected by other ancient Rabbis, for example ' he who is not for the name of God, will become for the name of God ', and a middle approach was adopted by Jews as standard.

While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich.

While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some within the Orthodox community groups to its right consider it of questionable validity.

While Jews have not used the LXX in worship or religious study since the 2nd century CE, recent scholarship has brought renewed interest in it in the field of Judaic Studies.

While under the emperor's patronage, Josephus wrote that after the Roman Legio X Fretensis, accompanied by Vespasian, destroyed Jericho on 21 June 68, Vespasian took a group of Jews who could not swim ( possibly Essenes from Qumran ), fettered them, and threw them into the Dead Sea to test the sea's legendary buoyancy.

While it is neither required nor prohibited for Jews to eat meat, a number of medieval scholars of Jewish religion ( e. g., Joseph Albo and Isaac Arama ) regard vegetarianism as a moral ideal, not just because of a concern for the welfare of animals, but because the slaughter of animals might cause the individual who performs such acts to develop negative character traits.

While the city was Polish, there were also communities of Bohemians, Jews, Walloons and Germans.

While Tyndale would have to learn Hebrew in Germany due to England's active Edict of Expulsion against the Jews, he works promininently into an age where Greek was available to the European scholarly community for the first time in centuries.

While witnessing a 1943 raid on the Kraków Ghetto, where soldiers were used to round up the inhabitants for shipment to the concentration camp at Płaszów, Schindler was appalled by the murder of many of the Jews who had been working for him.