While peasants of central Russia lived in a village around the lord's manor, a Cossack family often lived on its own farm, called khutor.

While Reza Khan and his Cossack brigade were securing Tehran, the Persian envoy was in Moscow negotiating a treaty with the Bolsheviks for the removal of Soviet troops from Persia.

While Ermac had succeeded in taking Qashliq, the battle had reduced his Cossack force to 500 men.

While there were several smaller Cossack detachments in the Wehrmacht since 1941, the 1st Cossack Division made up of Don, Terek and Kuban Cossacks was formed in 1943.

While being a Cossack Hetman, he transformed the Cossack Host into a regular military formation and imparted a statist character to the whole Cossack movement.

While the Cossack uprisings benefited from disturbances among the peasants, and they in turn received an impetus from Cossack rebellion, none of the Cossack movements were directed against the institution of serfdom itself.

While stopped in Manchuli, the British officers ' presence provoked a duel between two Cossack officers.

While these included elite Bersaglieri, Alpini and Cacciatori units, a large proportion of the troops were inexperienced conscripts recently drafted from metropolitan regiments in Italy into newly formed " di formazione " battalions for service in Africa.

While many Chadians may share that assessment, the uprising appears to be a power struggle within the elite that has long controlled Chad.

While Beaux stuck to her portraits of the elite, American art was advancing into urban and social subject matter, led by artists such as Robert Henri who espoused a totally different aesthetic, " Work with great speed .. Have your energies alert, up and active.

While fascism opposes Bolshevism, both Bolshevism and fascism have been noted to hold significant ideological similarities: both advocate a revolutionary ideology, both believe in the necessity of a vanguard elite, both have disdain for bourgeois values, and both had totalitarian ambitions.

While the Finnish political and intellectual elite mostly understood the term to refer more to the foreign policy problems of other countries, and meant mostly for domestic consumption in the speaker's own country, many ordinary Finns considered the term highly offensive.

While the conflict has been called by some " The War of the Amateurs ", the White Army had two major advantages over the Red Guards in the war: the professional military leadership of General Mannerheim and his staff — which included 84 Swedish volunteer officers and former Finnish officers of the Tsar's army — and 1, 450 soldiers of the 1, 900-strong, elite " Jäger " battalion.

While the conspirators of the Military Committee were all young, there aim was not out of reach ; the sitting regime had been slowly disintegrating and the traditional elite had lost effective political power over the country.

While there are relatively few competitive Olympic weightlifters ( or more simply lifters ), the lifts and their components are commonly used by elite athletes in other sports to train for both explosive and functional strength.

While the use of the word commando came to refer to various elite special operations forces units in other countries in the world, South Africa retained it's original use as well as naming special operations forces units in this fashion.

While at university, Hardy joined the Cambridge Apostles, an elite, intellectual secret society.

While Victoria had shunned society, Edward was the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style influenced by the art and fashions of Continental Europe — perhaps because of the King's fondness for travel.

While the political elite finds itself regularly in the position of working through the marabouts, their ultimate goal is to function without them.

While Hialeah was once envisioned as a playground for the elite, Cuban exiles, fleeing Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution as well as World War II Veterans and city planners transformed the city into a working-class community.

While many of these older families — the founding members of the social elite and those that emerged during the gilded age — still count members as Old Westbury residents, the village has also maintained a substantial set of industrialists, businessmen, collectors, athletes and entertainers.

While commonly believed to represent Greek settlers in Egypt, the Faiyum portraits instead reflect the complex synthesis of the predominant Egyptian culture and that of the elite Greek minority in the city.

While there have been some attempts at increasing transparency in the expenditures of official organs and bureaucrats, the downfall of Railways Minister Liu Zhijun and Chongqing party chief Bo Xilai served as a reminder of unresolved issues of corruption within the political elite.

While the Manchu ruling elite at the Beijing imperial court and posts of authority throughout China was increasingly sinicized, the Qing imperial government viewed the Manchu communities ( as well as those of various tribal people ) in Manchuria as a place where traditional Manchu virtues could be preserved, and as a reservoir of military manpower fully dedicated to the regime.

While it has been claimed that two related messianic Jewish sects of the eighteenth century, the Frankists, followers of Jacob Frank, and the Dönmeh, followers of Shabbetai Zvi, were alleged to hold an annual springtime ' Lamb Festival ,' which consisted of a celebratory dinner that included a ritualized exchange of spouses., such reports should be considered very cautiously, as they may simply be defamatory propaganda of the time against groups that the ruling elite found heretical, particularly since the groups involved were secretive about their beliefs, aims, and practices.

While writing was largely unknown to the indigenous Japanese of this period, the literary skills of foreigners seem to have become increasingly appreciated by the Japanese elite in many regions.

While the members of the SASR involved did what they could to improve conditions on the Tampa, the use of an elite military unit to prevent asylum seekers landing in Australia was not supported by all members of the Regiment and remains controversial.

While many were content to fish and hunt, a small number were educated and they formed a local elite that worked in tandem with European, West Indian and American whites in trading.

While Mexicans of Spanish descent ran the state politics and constituted most of the elite of New Mexico since colonial times, property requirements and English literacy requirements were imposed in Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas in order to prevent Mexican Americans from voting.

While WASPs are no longer solitary among the American elite, members of the Patrician class remain markedly prevalent within the current power structure.

While the average elite female gymnast is still in her middle to late teens and of below-average height and weight, it is also common to see gymnasts competing well into their twenties.

While Loughran is remembered among boxing's elite, his career was marred by his fragile hands and jaw.

While some scholars praise him as an orthodox saint with great character, others see him as a power-hungry politician who employed questionable ecclesiastical tactics.

While concentrated on establishing a modern, centralised state in Sicily, he was mostly absent from Germany and issued far-reaching privileges to Germany's secular and ecclesiastical princes: In the 1220 Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis, Frederick gave up a number of regalia in favour of the bishops, among them tariffs, coining, and fortification.

While the latter attacked him and sought ecclesiastical censure, he recommended himself to the former by his criticism of the worldly possessions of the clergy.

While the Papal Nuncio in Washington, D. C. serves as the Vatican State's ambassador to the U. S. and the ecclesiastical liaison to the American Roman Catholic Church, the Holy See has designated the Papal Nuncio in the Dominican Republic as the ecclesiastical liaison to the Roman Catholic Church in Puerto Rico.

While English law recognised simony as an offence, it treated it as merely an ecclesiastical matter, rather than a crime, for which the punishment was forfeiture of the office or any advantage from the offence and severance of any patronage relationship with the person who bestowed the office.

" While there are no explicit definitions authoritatively put forth by the Catholic Church that would warrant calling the doctrine of creationism de fide, nevertheless, there can be no doubt as to which view has been favored by ecclesiastical authority.

While many buildings were pillaged, burned, or destroyed by the Viking raids, ecclesiastical sources may have been overly negative as no city was completely destroyed.

While this text would seem to suggest only limited use of the vernacular language, its reference to " particular law " ( as opposed to universal law ) and to " the competent territorial ecclesiastical authority " ( the episcopal conference ) entrusted to the latter the judgment on the actual extent of its use.

While in Gaul, Wilfrid absorbed Frankish ecclesiastical practices, including some aspects from the monasteries founded by Columbanus.

While still in Normandy, Theobald had made an intense study of ecclesiastical or canon law, which he continued after being elected archbishop.

While the main burden in the 16th century fell on the ecclesiastical courts, their powers over administrators and executors was limited, regularly necessitating the Court of Chancery's involvement.

While the ecclesiastical courts of England, like those on the continent, adopted the inquisitional system, the secular common law courts continued to operate under the adversarial system.

While remaining in ecclesiastical offices, Sieyès maintained a religious cynicism at odds with his position.

While some of these certificates were connected with any patriarch's decrees lifting for the living or the dead some serious ecclesiastical penalty, including excommunication, the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, with the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, had the sole privilege, because of the expense of maintaining the Holy Places and paying the many taxes levied on them, of distributing such documents in large numbers to pilgrims or sending them elsewhere, sometimes with a blank space for the name of the beneficiary, living or dead, an individual or a whole family, for whom the prayers would be read.

While the 11th century Gregorian Reform's campaign against clerical marriage and concubinage met strong opposition, by the time of the Second Lateran Council it had won widespread support from lay and ecclesiastical leaders.

While many lay peerages became extinguished over time, as explained above, the ecclesiastical peerages, on the other hand, were perpetual, and only a seventh one was created before the French Revolution, taking precedence behind the six original ones, being created in 1690 for the Archbishop of Paris, after centuries as a mere suffraganage, styled as second archevêque-duc for he held the Duchy of Saint-Cloud.

While Suffolk never again rose to high office, he was active in the Lords, and served twice as a commissioner of ecclesiastical causes.

While most portraits of common people seem good-hearted, depictions of the bourgeoisie and the ecclesiastical world are generally despicable.

While serving as Prophet, Seer and Revelator of his church — which he claimed to be the sole legitimate continuation of the Church of Christ founded by Joseph Smith, Jr. in 1830 — Strang reigned for six years as the crowned " king " of an ecclesiastical monarchy that he established on Beaver Island in the US state of Michigan.

While they outwardly met ecclesiastical and legal requirements, they become exclusive guilds that worked behind the scenes for the interests of their members.

While secular princes like the Duke of Württemberg and the Margrave of Baden-Durlach, as well as most of the Free Cities, became Protestant, the ecclesiastical territories ( including the bishoprics of Augsburg, Konstanz and the numerous Imperial abbeys ) remained Catholic, as did the territories belonging to the Habsburgs ( Further Austria ), Hohenzollerns and the Margrave of Baden-Baden.

While the word " chimere " is derived from the Italian word " zimarra ", the Roman Catholic ecclesiastical garment that is most like the loose-fitting chimere itself is the mantelletta, whose use by cardinals and bishops was abolished by the 1969 Instruction on the Dress, Titles and Coats-of-Arms of Cardinals, Bishops and Lesser Prelates.

While professor of canon law at Würzburg, Hergenröther published several important historico-canonical essays on such subjects as early ecclesiastical reordinations ( Ester, Vierteljahrsch.

While retaining his association with the intensely secular Estense court, he also had a distinguished ecclesiastical career, eventually becoming a Monsignore and an apostolic prothonotary.