While in Puerto Rico slavery was 2 % of the population and blacks were less than 11 %, Cuba was 30 % black and slaves wee the backbone of the plantation economy.

While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of the Big Bang and those of alternative cosmological models, most scientists became convinced that some version of the Big Bang scenario best fit observations after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964, and especially when its spectrum ( i. e., the amount of radiation measured at each wavelength ) was found to match that of thermal radiation from a black body.

While the mass of a black hole can take any positive value, the charge and angular momentum are constrained by the mass.

While short strings have zero entropy, he could identify long highly excited string states with ordinary black holes.

While white, and more recently black, saltwater pearls are by far the most popular, other color tints can be found on pearls from the oceans.

While the nature of these objects was controversial until as recently as the early 1980s, there is now a scientific consensus that a quasar is a compact region in the center of a massive galaxy surrounding its central supermassive black hole.

While living, his writings and activism attempted to empower black people, and he was famous for his slogan " black is beautiful ", which he described as meaning: " man, you are okay as you are, begin to look upon yourself as a human being ".

While George Romero denies he hired Duane Jones simply because he was black, reviewer Mark Deming notes that " the grim fate of Duane Jones, the sole heroic figure and only African-American, had added resonance with the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X fresh in the minds of most Americans ".

While seeming absurd at first glance, considering that grass is neither white nor black, it is supposed to be effective against the zebra's main predator, the lion, which is color blind.

" While his opponents called his powerful network of supporters the " Tuskegee Machine ," Washington maintained control because of his ability to gain support of numerous groups including influential whites and the black business, educational and religious communities nationwide.

While this is intuitively false and is also false according to Carnap's theory of induction, observing non-ravens ( according to that same theory ) causes us to reduce our estimate of the total number of ravens, and thereby reduces the estimated number of possible counterexamples to the rule that all ravens are black.

While wild cats, dogs, feral pigs, black rats, Polynesian rats and mice are present, the island has no known populations of possums, mustelids ( weasels, stoats or ferrets ), hedgehogs, brown rats or deer, thus being a relative haven for native bird and plant populations.

While interest in Black Boy ebbed during the 1950s, a resurgence of interest in critics, Black Boy remains a vital work of historical, sociological, and literary significance whose seminal portrayal of one black man's search for self-actualization in a racist society made possible the works of such successive writers as James Baldwin and Ralph Ellison.

While commander of Fort Davis, he started a controversial court-martial of second lieutenant Henry Flipper, the first black cadet to graduate from West Point.

While on antibiotics for this problem in October 1974, Crawford's drinking caused her to black out, slip and strike her face.

While the image of a ninja clad in black garb ( shinobi shōzoku ) is prevalent in popular media, there is no written evidence for such a costume.

While no deed of emancipation has been found for Aron Dupuy, in 1860 he and Charlotte were living together as free black residents in Fayette County, Kentucky.

While individual trees generally have a lifespan between 100 and 200 years, California black oak can live up to 500 years of age.

While in a non-rotating black hole the singularity occurs at a single point in the model coordinates, called a " point singularity ".

While this specie's relative, the Brown ( Norway ) Rat prefers to nest near the ground of a building the black rat will prefer the upper floors and roof.

While the formal economy sank, the black market economy in Guyana thrived.

While Einstein's theory of general relativity shows that light waves can be bent near the surface of an extremely massive object, such as the sun or a black hole, current technology cannot manipulate the astronomical amounts of matter needed to do this.

While they taught her to treat blacks and members of other racial groups as equals, they cannot accept their daughter's actions for they did not expect her to introduce to them a black man as their future son-in-law.

While bands such as Suidakra ply their trade with the more extreme subgenres of black or death metal, other groups like Mägo de Oz prefer a more traditional or power metal sound.

While I fully agree with Sir Anthony's contention, I think that we must carry the analysis farther, bearing in mind that while common peril may be the measure of our need, the existence or absence of a positive sense of community must be the measure of our capacity.

While it is hazardous to project the trend of history, it seems clear that a genuine community is painfully emerging in the Western world, particularly among the countries of Western Europe.

While we, as American artists, believe deeply in the universal character of all intellectual activity, we would be less than honest with you, or ourselves, if we failed to state a specific attitude toward our own society as well as the international community as a whole.

While the Ural – Altaic hypothesis can still be found in encyclopedias, atlases, and similar general references, it has not had any adherents in the linguistics community for decades.

While it contains much in the way of Native American tradition, it should not be confused with the tribal beliefs of any community of native people.

While state and local jurisdictions will implement training in the manner that best suits the community, the Citizen Corps CERT program has an established curriculum.

While Sunni and Shia Islam differ sharply on the conduct of a caliph and the right relations between a leader and a community, they do not differ on the underlying theory of stewardship.

While a few short-lived DOS based EDuke projects emerged, it was not until the release of EDuke32, an extended version of Duke3D incorporating variants of both Fowler's Microsoft Windows JFDuke3D code and Saettler's EDuke code, by one of 3D Realms ' forum moderators in late 2004 that EDuke's scripting extensions received community focus.

While a slight bow to the overall developer community to allow something looking like direct access ( e. g. thereby breaking the Information Hiding Principle ), the practice is dangerous as it hides or obfuscates the reality of a " setter " being used.

While Bannister was well known in the artistic community of his adopted home of Providence, Rhode Island and admired within the wider East Coast art world ( he won a bronze medal for his large oil " Under the Oaks " at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial ), he was largely forgotten for almost a century for a complexity of reasons, principally connected with racial prejudice.

While the community was skeptical that this new method could possibly outperform hand-coding, it reduced the number of programming statements necessary to operate a machine by a factor of 20, and quickly gained acceptance.

While controversial at first, various forms of this idea have become accepted to some degree by many within the scientific community.

While welcomed by the target shooting community, in 2008 opposition deputies Jim Deasy and Olivia Mitchell campaigned to ban these pistols on the grounds that they could be used in crime.

While working in Borneo in 1911, Gardner eschewed the racist attitudes of his colleagues by befriended members of the Dayak indigenous community, fascinated by their magico-religious beliefs, tattoos and displays of weaponry.

While comparatively few studies of this type have been performed, results from these suggest that some of the most readily isolated and studied genera may not in fact be significant in the in-situ community.

While recent evidence suggesting that American Ivory-billed Woodpeckers may still exist in the wild has caused excitement in the Ornithology community, no similar evidence exists for the Cuban Ivory-billed bird, believed to be extinct since the last sighting in the late 1980s.

While a variety of views regarding homosexuality as an inclination or status exist within the Orthodox Jewish community, Orthodox Judaism generally prohibits homosexual conduct.

While the Gaia hypothesis was readily accepted by many in the environmentalist community, it has not been widely accepted within the scientific community.

While most MOOs are run by administrative fiat, in summer of 1993 LambdaMOO implemented a petition / ballot mechanism, allowing the community to propose and vote on new policies and other administrative actions.

While the vast majority of nurse-midwives work in hospitals, some nurse-midwives and virtually all direct-entry midwives work within the community or home.

While Moses was on Mount Sinai receiving instruction on the laws for the Israelite community, the Israelites went to Aaron and asked him to make gods for them.

While of little interest to those outside the MUMPS / M community, this topic has been contentious there.

While details of macroevolution are continuously studied by the scientific community, the overall theory behind macroevolution ( i. e. common descent ) has been overwhelmingly consistent with empirical data.