While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.

While Durkheim and others examined the state of modern societies, Mauss and his collaborators ( such as Henri Hubert and Robert Hertz ) drew on ethnography and philology to analyze societies that were not as ' differentiated ' as European nation states.

While Kierkegaard's feeling of angst is fear of actual responsibility to God, in modern use, angst was broadened by the later existentialists to include general frustration associated with the conflict between actual responsibilities to self, one's principles, and others ( possibly including God ).

While modern Ainu have predominantly tested as being mongoloid ( due to heavy race mixing ), The race to which the Ainu belonged cannot be determined until ancient remains are tested.

While all modern variants of the acre contain 4, 840 square yards, there are alternative definitions of a yard, so the exact size of an acre depends on which yard it is based on.

While the roots of formalised logic go back to Aristotele, the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries saw the development of modern logic and formalised mathematics.

While inspired by traditional Beltane, this festival is a modern arts and cultural event ( compared by organizers to the American Burning Man festival ) which incorporates myth and drama from a variety of world cultures and diverse literary sources.

While modern Roman Catholic scholars openly recognize the Greek additions as clearly being additions to the text, the Book of Esther is used twice in commonly used sections of the Catholic Lectionary.

While two-piece bathing suits had been worn on the beach before, the modern bikini was invented by French engineer Louis Réard in 1946.

While modern Breviaries are nearly always printed in four volumes, one for each season of the year, the editions of the Sarum never exceeded two parts.

While all modern valved and slide brass instruments consist in part of conical and in part of cylindrical tubing, they are divided as follows:

While this prohibition remained in force in general throughout the middle and early modern ages, this is no longer the case and Western women are often seen wearing trousers, ties, and men's hats.

While most male cross-dressers utilize clothing associated with modern women, there are some who are involved in subcultures that involve dressing as little girls or in vintage clothing.

While modern systems distinguish between offences against the " State " or " Community ", and offences against the " Individual ", the so-called penal law of ancient communities did not deal with " crimes " ( Latin: crimina ), but with " wrongs " ( Latin: delicta ).

While this was occurring, modern birds were undergoing diversification and replacing archaic birds and pterosaur groups, possibly due to direct competition, or they simply filled empty niches.

While western Cairo is dominated by wide boulevards, open spaces, and modern architecture of European influence, the eastern half, having grown haphazardly over the centuries, is dominated by small lanes, crowded tenements, and Islamic architecture.

While never reaching the level of accuracy of a modern timepiece, the water clock was the most accurate and commonly used timekeeping device for millennia, until it was replaced by the more accurate pendulum clock in 17th century Europe.

While the language has continued to change in all of these places, modern Canadian English has inherited significant vocabulary and spelling from the shared political and social institutions of Commonwealth countries.

While most modern " cavalry " units have some historic connection with formerly mounted troops this is not always the case.

While the specific definition has changed over time, modern usage refers to a typically non-realistic or semi-realistic drawing or painting intended for satire, caricature, or humor, or to the artistic style of such works.

While the budget consists of limited amount of donations and business operations owned by the party, its majority comes from the grant of national treasury, the same way that supports the other 8 subordinative registered parties, which making a bizarre exception among modern political parties.

While the sources for north-eastern Britain, the lands of the kingdom of Northumbria and the former Pictland, are limited and late, those for the areas on the Irish Sea and Atlantic coasts — the modern regions of north-west England and all of northern and western Scotland — are non-existent, and archaeology and toponymy are of primary importance.

While modern law has officially abolished the class hierarchy, there are reports of discrimination against the Buraku or Burakumin underclasses.

While many of these systems involve cars permanently attached to the cable, the system developed by Poma-Otis, a company formed by the merger of the cable car interests of the Pomagalski ski lift company and the Otis Elevator Company, allows the car to be decoupled from the cable under computer control, and can thus be considered a modern interpretation of the cable car.

While it is clear that the Christmas tree originates in Renaissance and early modern Germany, there are a number of speculative theories as to its ultimate origin.

While all these conditions are equivalent for metric spaces, in general we have the following implications:

While this Hebrew name is not the etymology of Essaioi / Esseni, the Aramaic equivalent Hesi ' im known from Eastern Aramaic texts has been suggested.

While insurance is sometimes distinguished from gambling by the requirement of an insurable interest, the equivalent in gambling is simply betting against one's own best interests ( e. g., a sports coach betting against his own team to mitigate the financial repercussions of a losing season ).

While some limit speaking in tongues to speech addressed to God-" prayer or praise ", others claim that speech in tongues is revelation from God to the church, and when interpreted into human language by those embued with the gift of interpretation of tongues for the benefit of others present, may be considered equivalent to prophecy.

While it may seem unfair to forbid prosecution of crimes that law enforcement can later prove to a standard required by law (< em > cf .</ em >, e. g. beyond a reasonable doubt, clear and convincing evidence, and preponderance of the evidence ), the purpose of a statute of limitations or its equivalent is to ensure that the possibility of punishment for an act committed long ago cannot give rise to either a person's incarceration or the criminal justice system's activation.

While enormous sums were raised by private individuals and charities ( American Indians sent supplies, while Queen Victoria personally gave the present-day equivalent € 70, 000 ), lack of adequate action let the problem become a catastrophe.

( 2 ) While one can single out a single thing by a description, this description is not equivalent with a proper name of this thing.

While the terms direct and prograde are equivalent in this context, the former is the traditional term in astronomy.

While this distinction is mostly philosophical, the fuzzy-logic-derived possibility measure is inherently different from the probability measure, hence they are not directly equivalent.

While official ideology was de-emphasized, the PDPA did not lose its monopoly on power, and the Revolutionary Council, the equivalent to the rubber-stamp Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, continued to be ruled through its Presidium, the majority of Presidium members were from the PDPA Politburo.

While quite a few travellers successfully make the trip, it still requires substantial planning and a convoy of well-equipped four-wheel drives or equivalent vehicles, and is only practical during the cooler months.

While liquid droplets are nearly always spherical, solid particles have a variety of shapes and to understand their properties, a equivalent diameter is used.

While rare, federal reprosecution of a crime tried in state court that produced an acquittal can be the functional equivalent of a trial de novo appeal of a state court prosecution, and vice versa.

While not as abundant in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, it is for an equivalent mass, nearly 300 times more potent in its ability to warm the planet.

While the Bishops of Rome – now beginning to be referred to as the Popes – remained de jure Byzantine subjects, in practice the Duchy of Rome, an area roughly equivalent to modern-day Latium, became an independent state ruled by the Church.

While Ruffini and Abel established that the general quintic could not be solved, some particular quintics can be solved, such as ( x − 1 )< sup > 5 </ sup >= 0, and the precise criterion by which a given quintic or higher polynomial could be determined to be solvable or not was given by Évariste Galois, who showed that whether a polynomial was solvable or not was equivalent to whether or not the permutation group of its roots – in modern terms, its Galois group – had a certain structure – in modern terms, whether or not it was a solvable group.

While the Amtrak ride time is similar to New York and to Philadelphia, the commuter-train ride to New York – via New Jersey Transit's Northeast Corridor Line — is generally much faster than the equivalent train ride to Philadelphia, which involves a transfer to SEPTA trains in Trenton.

While already a famous actor, he completed his graduate thesis entitled " Architecture in the Venetian Renaissance painting " in 1998 and received the Candidate of Science degree, equivalent to Western Ph.

While the best case performance was less than Ethernet, the general case was equivalent and the worst case was dramatically better.

While the word " bog " denoted nearly all Slavic gods, the word Deva in its cognate Div was used only for the creator god-Rod, the Slavic equivalent of Brahma.

While the Council of Trent is best known as a Counter-Reformation Council, neither the Lutheran Church nor the Church of England broke with the Roman Catholic Church on the requirement of publication of banns ( or the equivalent ) prior to marriage.

While standard admission to college is based on the secondary school diploma of Quebec ( representing completion of grade 11 ), completion of the two-year college program does not give students the equivalent of a university Diploma ( university diplomas throughout Canada are awarded following completion of at least a two-year post-secondary program of study ).

While there is no known method to convert matter ( by itself ) completely into energy, an equivalent energy release could theoretically be achieved by fusing approximately 280 kg of hydrogen into helium per second, a rate roughly equivalent to 8. 9 × 10 < sup > 9 </ sup > kg / year.

While the laogai has attracted widespread criticism for the poor conditions in the prisons, Seymour and Anderson claim that reports are exaggerated, stating that " even at its worst, the laogai is not, as some have claimed, ' the Chinese equivalent of the Soviet gulag.