In Wicca and other forms of Neopaganism a Horned God is revered ; this divinity syncretises a number of horned or antlered gods from various cultures, including Cernunnos.

An esbat () is a coven meeting other than one of the Sabbats within Wicca and other Wiccan-influenced forms of Neopaganism.

Some currents of Neopaganism, in particular Wicca, have a ditheistic concept of a single goddess and a single god, who in hieros gamos represent a united whole.

Some currents of Neopaganism, in particular Wicca, have a bitheistic concept of a single Goddess and a single God, who in hieros gamos represent a united whole.

In the 20th century, Imbolc was resurrected as a religious festival in Neopaganism, specifically in Wicca, Neo-druidry and Celtic Reconstructionism.

Symbols of several contemporary Pagan faiths: Slavic Neopaganism | Slavic • Celtic Neopaganism | Celtic • Germanic Neopaganism | Germanic Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism | Hellenism • Wicca • Roman polytheistic reconstructionism | Roman Goddess movement | Goddess Worship ( Wicca ) • Kemetism • Semitic Neopaganism | Semitic

Interpretation of occultism and its concepts can be found in the belief structures of religions such as Gnosticism, Hermeticism, Theosophy, Wicca, Thelema, Satanism, and Neopaganism.

In the late 20th century, " Paganism ", or " Neopaganism ", became widely used in reference to adherents of various New Religious Movements including Wicca.

As such, various modern scholars have begun to apply the term to three groups of separate faiths: Historical Polytheism ( such as Celtic polytheism, Norse Paganism, the Cultus Deorum Romanorum and Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism also called Hellenismos ), Folk / ethnic / Indigenous religions ( such as Chinese folk religion and African traditional religion ), and Neopaganism ( such as Wicca and Germanic Neopaganism ).

Contemporary Paganism, or Neopaganism, includes reconstructed religions such as the Cultus Deorum Romanorum, Hellenic polytheism, Slavic neopaganism ( i. e. Slavianstvo, including Rodnovery ), Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism, or Germanic religious reconstructionism, as well as modern eclectic traditions such as Discordianism, Wicca and its many offshoots.

In the 20th century, Imbolc was resurrected as a religious festival in Neopaganism, specifically in Wicca, Neo-druidry and Celtic Reconstructionism.

Wicca is one of the more publicly known traditions within Neopaganism, a magical religion inspired by medieval witchcraft, with influences including the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and Crowley.

* Pagans ( includes believers in Wicca ) — see Paganism, Neopaganism

Stregheria has both similarities and differences with Wicca, and in some ways resembles reconstructionist Neopaganism focused on a specific nation or culture ( in this case the folk religion of medieval Italy, allegedly containing traditions derived from Etruscan religion ).

* Sabina Magliocco, “ Italian American Stregheria and Wicca: Ethnic Ambivalence in American Neopaganism ,” in Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, ed.

ADF practice straddles the difficult middle ground between pure reconstructionism ( attempting to recreate ancient practices as exactly as possible ) and a less exclusive form of Neopaganism ( an umbrella term for the loose agglomeration of pagan-based religions which arose in the early to middle 20th century, the most popular of which is Wicca ).

* Triple Goddess ( Neopaganism ), a concept in Wicca and other Neopagan belief systems: sometimes a universal, global, " Great Goddess " who is threefold ; sometimes a single goddess as maiden, matron and crone ; and sometimes three sisters.

While there are some similarities between the two movements, Theodism derived its origins primarily as a reaction to Wicca.

Therefore, Gardnerian Wicca can be said to differ from some modern non-coven Craft practices that often concentrate on the solitary practitioner's spiritual development.

Some Wiccans believe there are many goddesses, and in some forms of Wicca, notably Dianic Wicca, the Goddess alone is worshipped, and the God plays very little part in their worship and ritual.

He was instrumental in bringing the Contemporary Pagan religion of Wicca to public attention, writing some of its definitive religious texts and founding the tradition of Gardnerian Wicca.

However, in some of the newer traditions of Wicca, and especially those influenced by feminist ideology, there is more emphasis on the Goddess, and consequently the symbolism of the Horned God is less developed than that of the Goddess.

Thus, Wicca in particular is sometimes referred to by its proponents as " The Old Religion ", a term popularised by Margaret Murray in the 1920s, while Germanic neopaganism is referred to in some of its varieties as Forn Sed (" Old Custom ").

It is commonly called " Wicca ", a term that came to be adopted in the early 1960s, although in the late 1970s and 1980s certain Pagan Witches began to instead use that term purely in reference to specific traditions of the Pagan Craft, and in the contemporary pagan community both definitions are now employed, causing some confusion.

If there is, such as in some denominations of Wicca, it is a particular of the denomination in question, and not a universal practice.

Stepanich's Faery Wicca draws liberally on some degree of Irish mythology, from the author's interpretation of Celtic history, legend, pseudohistory, imagination, and a variety of non-Celtic sources.

Though Faery Wicca may draw inspiration from some of the customs practiced among the ancient and modern Celts, it shares more with other modern Wiccan and Neo-Wiccan traditions than with the " Fairy Faith " as it is known in traditional Gaelic cultures.

Western magical traditions include hermetic magic and its many offshoots predominantly inspired by the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, as well as Wicca and some other Neopagan religions and contemporary forms of paganism.

Aradia has become an important figure in Wicca as well as some other forms of Neo-Paganism.

( A double-edged blade and black handle are required in almost all covens which practice some variant of British Traditional Wicca, including Gardnerian and Alexandrian.

She has therefore become a figure of some significance in the history of Wicca.

Towards the end of the 1950s, Shah established contact with Wiccan circles in London and then acted as a secretary and companion to Gerald Gardner, the founder of modern Wicca, for some time.

Tara is introduced in the fourth season episode " Hush " as a college student who attends a Wicca meeting where Willow Rosenberg ( Alyson Hannigan ) goes to find some like-minded people.

Many varieties of pentacle can be found in the grimoires of Solomonic magic ; they are also used in some neopagan magical traditions, such as Wicca, alongside other magical tools.

In some forms of Wicca which incorporate aspects of Celtic mythology, the cauldron is associated with the goddess Cerridwen.

In Wicca and some other forms of neopagan or pagan belief systems the cauldron is still used in magical practices.

In some religious traditions including Paganism, Shamanism and Wicca, " invocation " means to draw a spirit or Spirit force into ones own body and is differentiated from " evocation ", which involves asking a spirit or force to become present at a given location.

Historian Ronald Hutton records comments from British practitioners of Gardnerian and Alexandrian Wicca that distinctions between the two traditions have blurred in the last couple of decades, and some initiates of both traditions have recognized initiation within one as qualification for the other.

Sabina Magliocco, in her examination of the influences of the study of folklore on the development of Wicca, considers it possible that by the late 1930s some members of the Crotona Fellowship were performing Wicca-like rituals based on Co-Masonry, and that this was the group referred to by Gerald Gardner as the ' New Forest Coven '.

In his public writings he mixed elements of what is commonly believed to be Gardnerian Wicca with elements of Italian Witchcraft and lore, some of it reflective of the accounts of Italian Withcraft that earlier appeared in the writings of Charles G. Leland's Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches ( 1899 ).

The Charge of the Goddess is a traditional inspirational text often used in the neopagan religion of Wicca.

The most well known version is that written by Gerald Gardner, and includes material paraphrased works by Aleister Crowley, primarily from Liber ALThe Book of the Law ( particularly from Ch 1, spoken by Nuit, the Star Goddess ), and from his Liber XV: the Gnostic Mass as well as Liber LXV ( Liber Cordis Cincti Serpente, or the Book of the Heart Girt with the Serpent ), thus linking modern Wicca irrevocably to the cosmology and revelations of Thelema.

This is rather different to the modern version known in Wicca, though they have the same premise, that of the rules given by a great Mother Goddess to her faithful.

One well-known example of a bitheistic or duotheistic theology based on gender polarity is found in the neopagan religion of Wicca, which is centered on the worship of a divine couple-the Moon Goddess and the Horned God-who are regarded as lovers.

However, there is also a ditheistic theme within traditional Wicca, as the Horned God has dual aspects of bright and dark-relating to day / night, summer / winter-expressed as the Oak King and the Holly King, who in Wiccan myth and ritual are said to engage in battle twice a year for the hand of the Goddess, resulting in the changing seasons.

* Dianic Tradition / Dianic Wicca, a Feminist Goddess women's tradition of Wicca started by Zsuzsanna Budapest and her book, " The Holy Book of Women's Mysteries.

In Gardnerian Wicca, the two principal deities are the Horned God and the Mother Goddess.

In Wicca " the Goddess " is a deity of prime importance, along with her consort the Horned God.

Within many forms of Wicca the Goddess has come to be considered as a universal deity, more in line with her description in the Charge of the Goddess, a key Wiccan text.

In traditional and mainstream Wicca, the Horned God is viewed as the masculine side of divinity, being both equal and opposite to the Goddess.

In traditional Wicca, the Horned God and the Goddess are seen as equal and opposite in gender polarity.

In Wicca, ( especially Dianic Wicca ) the concept of an Earth or Mother Goddess, similar to the Greek Gaia, is emphasized.

Not all traditional Wiccans follow the Rede ; Gardnerians ( a sect under Wicca ) espouse the Charge of the Goddess as a guide for morality.