* Ludwig Wittgenstein, Lectures on aesthetics, psychology and religious belief, Oxford, Blackwell, 1966.

Whitehead Lectures: " Logicism, Wittgenstein, and De Re Beliefs about Natural Numbers ".

* Ludwig Wittgenstein, Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief Cyril Barrett, ed.

Wittgenstein stated this in his lectures on aesthetics and language games.

Defining it requires a description of the entire phenomenon, as Wittgenstein argued in his lectures on aesthetics.

Dummett's writings on anti-realism also draw heavily on the later writings of Wittgenstein concerning meaning and rule following.

Logical empiricism ( aka logical positivism or neopositivism ) was an early 20th century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism ( e. g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge ) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Although Hayek only met Wittgenstein on a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought.

After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials, and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.

In addition to Moore's own work on the paradox, the puzzle also inspired a great deal of work by Ludwig Wittgenstein, who described the paradox as the most impressive philosophical insight that Moore had ever introduced.

Beyond Wittgenstein's Poker: New Light on Popper and Wittgenstein Aldershot, Hampshire, UK: Ashgate, 2004.

Karl Wittgenstein ( 1847 – 1913 ) became an industrial tycoon, and by the late 1880s was one of the richest men in Europe, with an effective monopoly on Austria's steel cartel.

The main influences on the early logical positivists were the positivist Ernst Mach, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell and the young Ludwig Wittgenstein.

" However, In proposing the thought experiment involving the fictional character, Robinson Crusoe, a captain shipwrecked on a desolate island with no other inhabitant, Wittgenstein shows that language is not in all cases a social phenomenon ( although, they are for most case ); instead the criterion for a language is grounded in a set of interrelated normative activities: teaching, explanations, techniques and criteria of correctness.

Wittgenstein presents several perspectives on the topic.

The discussion of private languages was revitalized in 1982 with the publication of Saul Kripke's book Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language.

From his remarks on the importance of public, observable behavior ( as opposed to private experiences ), it may seem that Wittgenstein is simply a behaviorist — one who thinks that mental states are nothing over and above certain behavior.

The Tractatus, as Bertrand Russell saw it ( though it should be noted that Wittgenstein took strong exception to Russell's reading ), had been an attempt to set out a logically perfect language, building on Russell's own work.

Norman Malcolm credits Piero Sraffa with providing Wittgenstein with the conceptual break that founded the Philosophical Investigations, by means of a rude gesture on Sraffa's part:

Although Wittgenstein largely disregarded Aristotle ( Ray Monk's biography suggests that he never read Aristotle at all ) it seems that they shared some anti-Platonist views on the universal / particular issue regarding primary substances.

Moreover, there has been extensive commentary on the relationship between the respective treatises of Wittgenstein ( Tractatus ) and Aquinas ( Summa Theologica ).

First published in 1982, Kripke's Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language contends that the central argument of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations centers on a devastating rule-following paradox that undermines the possibility of our ever following rules in our use of language.

* Ludwig Wittgenstein ( 1939 ) Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, Revised Edition.

Wittgenstein terminated their association abruptly in 1935 when Ambrose decided, with encouragement from Moore, to publish an article entitled " Finitism in Mathematics " in the philosophical journal Mind which was intended to give an account of Wittgenstein's position on the subject.

Kripke's position has, however recently been defended against these and other attacks by the Cambridge philosopher Martin Kusch ( 2006 ), and Wittgenstein scholar David G. Stern considers the book to be " the most influential and widely discussed " work on Wittgenstein since the 1980s.

In 1940 he presented a philosophical paper on other minds to a meeting attended by Ludwig Wittgenstein at Cambridge University.

An interesting portion of the narrative involves the use of a Cambridge philosophy professor to engage Wittgenstein in a debate on the morality of his actions.

However, as Wittgenstein's killings continue, the government presses the Cambridge don to talk Wittgenstein into committing suicide, a position with which the philosopher agrees, much to Jake's dismay.

Ludwig Wittgenstein is alleged to have been a Soviet recruiter at Cambridge by Kimberley Cornish in his 1998 book The Jew of Linz, but his theories about Wittgenstein and the influence of Wittgenstein on Hitler have found little acceptance.

In the 1960s, Austin ( at Oxford ) and Ludwig Wittgenstein ( at Cambridge ) were the two most influential figures in post-World War II Anglo-American linguistic philosophy, a time when many Anglo-American philosophers abandoned logical positivism in favor of the more sophisticated ordinary language philosophy.

He was a close friend of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and was instrumental in translating Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus into English, and in persuading Wittgenstein to return to philosophy and Cambridge.

Russell, Wittgenstein, G. E. Moore, and Ramsey were all at Cambridge at that time, and their influence on Black may have been considerable.

While studying mathematics at Cambridge in 1930, Skinner fell under Wittgenstein's influence and " became utterly, uncritically, and almost obsessively devoted to Wittgenstein .".

He was a student of philosophy taught by Ludwig Wittgenstein at Trinity College, Cambridge and became Wittgenstein's friend for many years to come, until the latter's death in 1951.

Kimberley Cornish, in his controversial The Jew of Linz ( London: Century, 1998 ), makes the rather extravagant claim that Ludwig Wittgenstein was the " éminence grise " of the Cambridge spies.

He was also the ' tutor ' of the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein ( tutor being a non-academic role in Cambridge University ).

He was a scholar of Greek and Latin, although at Cambridge he took Philosophy, specialising in logic and studying under Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Kaila's most famous pupil was Georg Henrik von Wright, who was the successor of Ludwig Wittgenstein at the University of Cambridge.

By far, the most influential theorist has been the late Stephen E. Toulmin, the Cambridge educated philosopher and student of Wittgenstein.

Wittgenstein was to visit the city regularly again in the 1930s and 1940s, when he was part of a close circle of friends centred around George Thomson and Nicholas Bachtin at the University of Birmingham, whose intellectual culture at the time was more outward looking than that at Cambridge, where he was based.

Toulmin was a student of Wittgenstein up to the time of his resignation from Cambridge.

Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein ISBN 0-521-46591-5

After completing her PhD at the University of Wisconsin – Madison in 1932, she went to Cambridge University to study with G. E. Moore and Wittgenstein, where she earned a second PhD in 1938.

He also alleges that Wittgenstein was involved in the Cambridge Five Soviet spy ring during the Second World War.