T cells cannot bind native antigens, but require that they be processed by APCs, whereas B cells can be activated by native ones.

" The functional significance of this area TG is not known, but it may bind complex, highly processed perceptual inputs to visceral emotional responses ."< sup > p.

Antiparticles bind with each other to form antimatter in the same way that normal particles bind to form normal matter.

Catalysts may affect the reaction environment favorably, or bind to the reagents to polarize bonds, e. g. acid catalysts for reactions of carbonyl compounds, or form specific intermediates that are not produced naturally, such as osmate esters in osmium tetroxide-catalyzed dihydroxylation of alkenes, or cause lysis of reagents to reactive forms, such as atomic hydrogen in catalytic hydrogenation.

In Sartre's The Flies, the Furies ( in the form of flies ) represent the morbid, strangling forces of neurotic guilt which bind us to authoritarian and totalitarian power.

Conversely, a high pH, low CO < sub > 2 </ sub >, or low 2, 3 BPG favors the relaxed form which can better bind oxygen.

Hemicelluloses are embedded in the cell walls of plants, sometimes in chains that form a ' ground ' - they bind with pectin to cellulose to form a network of cross-linked fibres.

too often those principles which give consistency, individuality, and form to the Northern character, which render it staunch, strong, and seaworthy, which bind it together as with iron, are drawn out, one by one, like the bolts of the ill-fitted vessel, and from the miserable, loosened fragments is formed that human anomaly -- a Northern man with Southern principles.

Both Int and IHF bind to attP and form an intasome, a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA.

A monomer ( from Greek mono " one " and meros " part ") is a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer.

In eukaryotes mRNA molecules form circular structures due to an interaction between the eIF4E and poly ( A )- binding protein ; which both bind to eIF4G, forming an mRNA-protein-mRNA bridge.

In the classical export scheme, proteins with an nuclear export sequence ( NES ) can bind in the nucleus to form a heterotrimeric complex with an exportin and RanGTP ( for example the exportin CRM1 ).

This prepore would form when several Nup complexes come together and bind to the chromatin.

In yeast, the most important are: UAF ( upstream activating factor ), TBP ( tata-box binding protein ), and CF ( core factor ), which bind promoter elements and form the preinitiation complex ( PIC ), which is in turn recognized by RNA pol.

At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a very pale blue, odorless, tasteless diatomic gas with the formula.

When proteins bind specifically to other copies of the same molecule, they can oligomerize to form fibrils ; this process occurs often in structural proteins that consist of globular monomers that self-associate to form rigid fibers.

As described above, the active form will covalently and irreversibly bind to the gastric proton pump, deactivating it.

The overall structure of RNA and DNA are immensely similar — one strand of DNA and one of RNA can bind to form a double helical structure.

For example, all salts of sodium, potassium and ammonium are soluble in water, as are all nitrates and many sulfate salts except barium sulfate, calcium sulfate ( sparingly soluble ) and Lead ( 2 ) sulfate However, ions that bind tightly to each other and form highly stable lattices would be less soluble, because it would be harder for these structures to break apart for the compounds to dissolve.

He demonstrated that the onset of Huntington disease is related to the number of glutamine repeats as they bind to form what he called a polar zipper.

Provided the interaction is attractive, an exciton can bind with other excitons to form a biexciton, analogous to a dihydrogen molecule.

The apoptosomes bind to and activate caspase-9, another free-floating protein.

Cyclophilins are a family of proteins from vertebrates and other organisms that bind to cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant which is usually used to suppress rejection after internal organ transplants.

Furthermore, many viruses express p53 inhibitors that can bind p53 and inhibit its transcriptional transactivation activity.

Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland, and can bind to receptors on osteoclasts to directly inhibit osteoclast activity.

For example, enzymes lose their activity, because the substrates can no longer bind to the active site, and because amino acid residues involved in stabilizing substrates ' transition states are no longer positioned to be able to do so.

# Regulation of immune system activity and inflammation: chemokine receptors bind ligands that mediate intercellular communication between cells of the immune system ; receptors such as histamine receptors bind inflammatory mediators and engage target cell types in the inflammatory response

Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ) to guanosine diphosphate ( GDP ).

Some oncogenes can also stimulate the transcription of proteins that bind to MDM2 and inhibit its activity.

When a ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor ( GPCR ) that is coupled to a Gq heterotrimeric G protein, the α-subunit of Gq can bind to and induce activity in the PLC isozyme PLC-β, which results in the cleavage of PIP < sub > 2 </ sub > into IP < sub > 3 </ sub > and DAG.

To reduce enzyme activity, inhibitor molecules bind to enzymes.

Imatinib ( brand names Gleevec and Glivec ) is a drug able to bind the catalytic cleft of these tyrosine kinases, inhibiting its activity.

Similarly, organismal form can be influenced by mutations in promoter regions of genes, those DNA sequences at which the products of some genes bind to and control the activity of the same or other genes, not only protein-specifying sequences.

This splitting does not decrease the protein's activity, as constructs made of the predicted central fragments ( repeats 3 – 6 ) bind to lipoprotein receptors, trigger Dab1 phosphorylation and mimic functions of reelin during cortical plate development.

For example, a riboswitch can directly bind a small target molecule, the binding of the target affects the gene's activity.

Morpholinos bind and block access to the target mRNA without requiring the activity of cellular proteins and without necessarily accelerating mRNA degradation.

A large number of enzymes involved in the biochemistry of nucleic acids bind Mg < sup > 2 +</ sup > for activity, using the ion for both activation and catalysis.

A decoy substrate or pseudosubstrate is a protein that has similar structure to the substrate of an enzyme, in order to make the enzyme bind to the pseudosubstrate rather than to the real substrate, thus blocking the activity of the enzyme.

The GTPase activity of T < sub > α </ sub > hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and changes the conformation of the T < sub > α </ sub > subunit, increasing its affinity to bind to the α and β subunits on the PDE.

These clusters bind and then activate another protein called MinC, which has activity only when bound by MinD.

In molecular biology, a riboswitch is a part of an mRNA molecule that can directly bind a small target molecule, and whose binding of the target affects the gene's activity.

Similarly, inhibitors such as ATP and PEP bind to the same allosteric site and facilitate the formation of the T state, thereby inhibiting enzyme activity.

The influenza viruses ( Orthomyxoviridae ) have hemagglutinin activity ( HA ) glycoproteins on their surfaces that bind to sialic acids found on the surface of human erythrocytes and on the cell membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

The working hypothesis is that when allosteric regulators bind to the regulatory site, the protein undergoes conformational changes which changes the enzyme's activity.

Allosteric effectors can bind to regulatory proteins involved in RNA transcription in order to change its activity.

Dihydroxyacetone can affect the anti-microbial activity in wine, as it has the ability to bind SO < sub > 2 </ sub >.