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When a ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor ( GPCR ) that is coupled to a Gq heterotrimeric G protein, the α-subunit of Gq can bind to and induce activity in the PLC isozyme PLC-β, which results in the cleavage of PIP < sub > 2 </ sub > into IP < sub > 3 </ sub > and DAG.
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When and ligand
When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor ( GEF ).
When a ligand activates the G protein-coupled receptor, it induces a conformational change in the receptor that allows the receptor to function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor ( GEF ) that exchanges GDP for GTP on the G < sub > α </ sub > subunit.
When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor ( GEF ).
When a ligand ( the neurotransmitter ) binds to the receptor ( the transducer ) the latter activates a primary effector via the G-protein, which can go on to activate secondary messengers or have other effects.
When the radioactive isotope in the ligand decays it can be measured by positron emission tomography ( PET ) or single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ).
When more than one type of ligand can bind to a binding site, competition ensues.
When a ligand is inserted into the pocket site of a receptor, conformation favor for these groups on the ligand that can bind tightly with receptor should be taken priority.
When an action potential causes the release of many acetylcholine vesicles, acetylcholine diffuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to ligand gated nicotinic receptors ( non-selective cation channels ) on the muscle fiber.
When a ligand binds to the β-pleated sheet, this bound cyclic nucleotide stabilizes the movement of the α-helix toward the β-pleated sheet in each subunit, pulling the α-helices away from each other.
When < sup >–</ sup > CN is a ligand in a transition metal complex, its basicity makes it difficult to dislodge, so, in this respect, hydrocyanation is remarkable.
When heated above 150 ° C, dicyclopentadiene undergoes a retro-Diels-Alder reaction to yield cyclopentadiene, a popular ligand in inorganic chemistry.
When appropriate, the value of the Hill coefficient describes the cooperativity of ligand binding in the following way:
When iodine is complexed with a monodentate electronegative ligand such as chlorine, iodine compounds occur with a + 3 oxidation number as iodine ( III ) or λ < sup > 3 </ sup >- iodanes or as a + 5 oxidation number as iodine ( V ) or λ < sup > 5 </ sup >- iodanes.
When used as a ligand, complexed to copper ( I ), it allows for quantitative, regioselective formal Huisgen 1, 3-dipolar cycloadditions between alkynes and azides, in a variety of aqueous and organic solvents.
When and binds
Neurons generate electrical signals that travel along their axon s. When a pulse of electricity reaches a junction called a synapse, it causes a neurotransmitter chemical to be released, which binds to receptors on other cells and thereby alters their electrical activity.
When oxygen binds to the iron complex, it causes the iron atom to move back toward the center of the plane of the porphyrin ring ( see moving diagram ).
When it is present at a much higher concentration, it also binds to OR3, inhibiting transcription from P < sub > RM </ sub >, thus regulating its own levels in a negative feedback loop.
When a court binds itself, this application of the doctrine of precedent is sometimes called horizontal stare decisis.
When pulled tighter, the rope passing over itself binds it in place.
When released, ADH binds to V2 G-protein coupled receptors within the distal convoluted tubules, increasing cyclic AMP, which couples with protein kinase A, stimulating translocation of the aquaporin 2 channel stored in the cytoplasm of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts into the apical membrane.
When the foreign insulin binds with the antibodies, it does cannot work as intended.
When such a conflict arises, all Superior Courts have the discretion to choose which rule they like until the California Supreme Court grants review and creates a single rule that binds all courts statewide.
When it is a player's turn to act, the first verbal declaration or action he takes binds him to his choice of action ; this rule prevents a player from changing his action after seeing how other players react to his initial, verbal action.
When adrenocorticotropic hormone reaches and binds to its target, the adrenal gland, the adrenal gland in turn releases the final key messenger in the cascade, cortisol.
When these residues are phosphorylated, the CTD binds to various protein factors that promote transcript maturation and modification.
When the inducer binds the receptor, it activates transcription of certain genes, including those for inducer synthesis.
When acetylcholine binds to an already depolarized receptor, it cannot cause further depolarization.
When a T < sub > h </ sub > cell encounters and recognises the antigen, on an APC, the TCR-CD3 complex binds strongly to the peptide-MHC complex present on the surface of professional APCs.
When prolactin binds to the receptor, it causes it to dimerize with another prolactin receptor.
When a small proportion of finely ground bentonite clay is added to hard sand and wetted, the clay binds the sand particles into a moldable aggregate known as green sand used for making molds in sand casting.
When a peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of the cell, a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm, which triggers intracellular responses.
When an aminoacyl-tRNA initially binds to its corresponding codon on the mRNA, it is in the A site.
When bird chicks ingest melatonin-rich plant feed, such as rice, the melatonin binds to melatonin receptors in their brains.
When all moisture evaporates, the acacia gum binds the pigment to the paper surface.
When transmural pressure increases, sphingosine kinase 1 phosphorylates sphingosine to S1P, which binds to the S1P2 receptor in plasma membrane of cells.
When ATP binds to the enzyme ’ s two allosteric sites, luciferase ’ s affinity to bind ATP in its active site increases.
When the concentration of cAMP rises ( e. g., activation of adenylate cyclases by G protein-coupled receptors coupled to G < sub > s </ sub >, inhibition of phosphodiesterases that degrade cAMP ), cAMP binds to the two binding sites on the regulatory subunits, which leads to the release of the catalytic subunits.
When and G
The first mention of an arcological structure might be in H. G. Wells's When the Sleeper Wakes, published in 1899.
( When measured in decibels it is logarithmically related to the power ratio: G ( dB )= 10 log ( P < sub > out </ sub > /( P < sub > in </ sub >)).
When playing in the instrument's upper range ( above the G below middle C ), the player shifts their hand out from behind the neck and flattens it out, using the side of the thumb to press down the string.
When, in 1940, the Liceo was put under state control and turned into the Conservatorio Statale di Musica " Gioachino Rossini ", the corporate body to which Rossini ’ s inheritance had been conveyed, assumed the style of Fondazione G. Rossini.
* " When H. G. Wells Split the Atom: A 1914 Preview of 1945 ", by Freda Kirchwey, in The Nation, posted 4 Sep 2003 ( original 18 Aug 1945 issue ).
When Lincoln won election as president, his secretary, John G. Nicolay, recommended John Hay to Lincoln as assistant private secretary.
When The Notorious B. I. G.
When ordered by temperature and when duplicate classes were removed, the spectral types of stars followed, in order of decreasing temperature with colors ranging from blue to red, the sequence O, B, A, F, G, K and M. ( A popular mnemonic for memorizing this sequence of stellar classes is " Oh Be A Fine Girl / Guy, Kiss Me ".
When Charles Bluhdorn died unexpectedly, his successor Martin Davis dumped all of G + W's industrial, mining, and sugar-growing subsidiaries and refocused the company, renaming it Paramount Communications in 1989.
When he was seventeen, Bradbury read stories published in Astounding Science Fiction, and said he read everything by Robert A. Heinlein, Arthur C. Clarke, and the early writings of Theodore Sturgeon and A. E. van Vogt, but cited H. G. Wells and Jules Verne as his big science fiction influences.
" When Walter Hooper asked Lewis where he found the word ' Narnia ', Lewis showed him Murray's Small Classical Atlas, ed. G. B.
When an unemployed miner ( Daniel Jones ) wrote to him to complain of his unemployment and low wages, Gladstone gave what H. C. G. Matthew has called " the classic mid-Victorian reply " on 20 October 1869:
When H. D. G.
: 2010 Eric G. Swedin, When Angels Wept: A What-If History of the Cuban Missile Crisis
J. Bang-Jensen, G. Gutin and A. Yeo, When the greedy
When he was confronted with the potential charge of federal bank fraud, he revealed he had been directed by Committee deputy director Jeb Magruder and finance director Maurice Stans to give the money to G. Gordon Liddy.
When G is complete, absolute convergence implies unconditional convergence.
When serving as assistant editor for the Northern Californian, Harte editorialized about the slayings while his boss, Stephen G. Whipple, was temporarily absent, leaving Harte in charge of the paper.
* When I grow up: becoming a pathologist by G. William Moore, MD, PhD.
When Groening originally designed Homer, he put his initials into the character's hairline and ear: the hairline resembled an ' M ', and the right ear resembled a ' G '.
When Tigger introduces himself, he often says the proper way to spell his name is: " T-I -' Double -/ G /'- Er ( T-i-gg-er ), which spells ' Tigger '".
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