Typically Xenophon introduces the reason why he is writing about a particular conversation, and he will also occasionally interject a remark into the narrative, or at its conclusion.

The work is well organized arranged, and its style, modeled on Xenophon, is simple, especially when compared with the florid writing of other Greek authors of the period.

At the time of the conspiracy of Cinadon, the beginning of the fourth century BC, only forty Peers, or citizens, could be counted in a crowd of 4000 at the agora ( Xenophon, Hellenica, III, 3, 5 ).

The ancient Greek horse trainer Xenophon mentioned nothing about horseshoes in his treatise on the care of military cavalry, nor did the Digesta Artis Mulomedicinae by Vegetius Renatus, written in the 4th or 5th century AD, mention nailed-on shoes, though he accurately enumerated everything connected with an army forge in the time.

) An early example of the Greek form of the name is in a 4th century BC work by Xenophon, the Cyropaedia, which is a biography of the Persian king Cyrus the Great.

Barred spears are known from the Bronze Age, but the first historical record of their use in Europe is found in the writings of Xenophon in the 5th century BC.

Anabasis of Alexander is perhaps his best known work and is generally considered one of the best sources on the campaigns of Alexander the Great, not to be confused with Anabasis, then best-known work of the Athenian military leader and author Xenophon from the 4th century BC.

wrote: " The Cyrus of Xenophon was a hero to many a literary man of the sixteenth century, but for Machiavelli he lived ".

Long used as a Hittite port which appears in Hittite sources as " Sinuwa " ( J. Garstang, The Hittite Empire, p. 74 ), the city proper was re-founded as a Greek colony from the city of Miletus in the 7th century BC ( Xenophon, Anabasis 6. 1. 15 ; Diodorus Siculus 14. 31. 2 ; Strabo 12. 545 ).

Among the most notable were the historians Herodotus ( 484 – 425 ), who described the Greco-Persian Wars ; Thucydides ( 460 – 395 ), who wrote the great History of the Peloponnesian War ; and Xenophon ( 427 – 335 ), who, although sometimes considered a partial and poorly documented writer, in the opinion of historians left a useful source of information about the first years of the 4th century BC.

* Xenophon, Polity of Athenians and Lacedaemonians, 4th / 5th century BC

The dish has been native to the Near East and ancient Greece since antiquity ; an early variant of kebab ( Ancient Greek: ὀβελίσκος-obeliskos ) is attested in Greece since 8th century BCE ( archaic period ) in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey and in classical Greece, amongst others in the works of Aristophanes, Xenophon and Aristotle.

Fermented cereal flour-generally millet-drinks have been produced by native Anatolians and Mesopotamians since the 9th or 8th millennia BC and Xenophon mentioned in the 4th century BC how the locals preserved and cooled the preparations in earthen pots that were buried.

The spur was used by the Celts during the La Tène period ( which began in the 5th century BC ), and is also mentioned by Xenophon ( c. 430-354 BC.

* Federico Grisone ( mid-16th century ): one of the few to write on horsemanship to that point since Xenophon.

The Cyropaedia ( or Cyropedia ) is a biography " of Cyrus the Great, written in the early 4th century BC by the Athenian gentleman-soldier, and student of Socrates, Xenophon of Athens.

* Ephesian Tale of Anthia and Habrocomes, by Xenophon of Ephesus ( 2nd century )

Among the surviving Cynic epistles, there are some spurious Socratic letters, written in the 2nd or 3rd century, in which various pupils of Socrates, including Antisthenes, Aristippus, and Xenophon, debate philosophy from a Cynic point of view.

The name Persian Gulf is written in upper left. Regional map showing the word Khuzestan, underlined in red, from the 9th century text Al-aqalim by the great geographer Istakhri. Although Herodotus and Xenophon referred to the entire region as Susiana, the name Khuzestan is what has been referred to the southwestern most province of Persia ( Iran ) from antiquity.

Mithridates ( in Greek Mιθριδάτης ; lived 4th century BC ), son of Ariobarzanes prince of Cius, is mentioned by Xenophon as having betrayed his father, and the same circumstance is alluded to by Aristotle.

5 – 6 ) during the late 6th century ; it is conjectured, based on similarities with the Ephesian Tale of Xenophon of Ephesus and the presence of idioms awkward in Latin but typical in Greek, that the original was a Greek romance of the third century.

The Ephesian Tale of Anthia and Habrocomes by Xenophon of Ephesus is an Ancient Greek novel written in the mid-2nd century CE.

It is no accident that military characters like Nicephorus Bryennius ( 11th and 12th centuries ) and Joannes Cinnamus ( 12th century ) emulated Xenophon in the precision of their diction, or that a philosopher like Nicephorus Gregoras ( 13th century ) took Plato as his model.

According to Xenophon, Agesilaus, in order to gain money for prosecuting the war, supported the satrap Ariobarzanes II in his revolt against Artaxerxes II in 364 BC ( Revolt of the Satraps ), and in 361 BC he went to Egypt at the head of a mercenary force to aid the king Nectanebo I and his regent Teos against Persia.

However, according to Xenophon, Polydorus was murdered by his brother Polyphron, who was, in turn, murdered by his nephew Alexander — son of Jason, in 369 BC.

The temple may have been burnt down in 406 / 405 BC as Xenophon mentions that the old temple of Athena was set on fire.

He was also the first to distinguish between cause and immediate origins of an event, while his successor Xenophon ( c. 431 – 355 BC ) introduced autobiographical elements and character studies in his Anabasis.

In the days of the Greek historians Ctesias and Herodotus, 400 BC, Nineveh had become a thing of the past ; and when Xenophon the historian passed the place in the Retreat of the Ten Thousand the very memory of its name had been lost.

The antecedents of Western politics can be traced back to the Socratic political philosophers, Plato ( 427 – 347 BC ), Xenophon ( c. 430 – 354 BC ), and Aristotle (" The Father of Political Science ") ( 384 – 322 BC ).

Xenophon (, Xenophōn ; c. 430 – 354 BC ), son of Gryllus, of the deme Erchia of Athens, also known as Xenophon of Athens, was a Greek historian, soldier, mercenary, philosopher and a contemporary and admirer of Socrates.

While a young man, Xenophon participated in the expedition led by Cyrus the Younger against his older brother, king Artaxerxes II of Persia, in 401 BC.

" The Years 375 to 371 BC: A Case Study in the Reliability of Diodorus Siculus and Xenophon, The Classical Quarterly, Vol.

* Xenophon, Greek mercenary and writer ( d. c. 355 BC )

* Xenophon, Greek historian, soldier, mercenary and an admirer of Socrates ( d. 354 BC )

Xenophon described the odd behavior of Greek soldiers after having consumed honey in a village surrounded by Rhododendron ponticum during the march of the Ten Thousand in 401 BC.

A rebellion by the Medes in 409 BC is mentioned by Xenophon.

A third historian, Xenophon, began his " Hellenica " where Thucydides ended his work about 411 BC and carried his history to 362 BC.

In 464 BC a man named Xenophon, a citizen of Corinth who was an acclaimed runner and winner of pentathlon at the Olympic Games, dedicated one hundred young girls to the temple of the goddess as a sign of thanksgiving.

* In Anabasis, Xenophon recounts how Cyrus the Younger hired a large army of Greek mercenaries ( the " Ten Thousand ") in 401 BC to seize the throne of Persia from his brother, Artaxerxes II.

According to Xenophon, Cyrus the Younger was born after the accession of his father in 424 BC.

Socrates makes a cameo appearance when Xenophon asks whether he ought to accompany the expedition.

Xenophon first makes a point to say that the reader should not waste his time nor endanger his health by personally breaking colts.

Xenophon suggests using the volte as an exercise for the horse, as it makes him easy to turn in either direction and makes both sides of the mouth equally responsive.