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Zarphatic was written using a variant of the Hebrew alphabet, and first appeared in the 11th century, in glosses to texts of the Hebrew Bible and Talmud written by the great rabbis Rashi and Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan.
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Zarphatic and was
In the 11th and 12th centuries, Narbonne was home to an important Jewish exegetical school, which played a pivotal role in the growth and development of the Zarphatic ( Judæo-French ) and Shuadit ( Judæo-Provençal ) languages.
Some have conjectured that Zarphatic was the original language of the Jews who eventually adopted Old High German, which led to the development of Yiddish.
* Information on the classification of Zarphatic was taken from the Ethnologue. com " Zarphatic " page
Zarphatic and using
One feature of Zarphatic spelling, that sets it apart from most other Indo-European Jewish languages, is that to represent vowel sounds, rather than using Hebrew letters with no matching phonemes in the language, it instead made extensive use of the Tiberian system of niqqudot to indicate the full range of Old French vowels.
Zarphatic and Hebrew
The word Zarphatic comes from the Hebrew name for France, Tzarfat ( צרפת ), the Biblical name for the Phoenician city of Sarepta.
Another interesting feature of Zarphatic is that it displays relatively few Hebrew loanwords.
Zarphatic and first
Along with Rashi, his writings are often cited as the first extant writings in Zarphatic, the Judæo-French language.
Zarphatic and .
Zarphatic or Judæo-French ( Zarphatic: Tsarfatit ) is an extinct Jewish language, formerly spoken among the Jewish communities of northern France and in parts of what is now west-central Germany, in such cities as Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, and Aachen.
See also the Judæo-French article at Zarphatic.
Judeo-Latin likely influenced not only the Judeo-Romance languages, but also the Yiddish language and Rotwelsch, through its posited daughter languages, Judeo-Italian, Shuadit and Zarphatic.
Zarphatic, or Juadeo-French, is a dead Jewish language of northern modern France, the Low Countries, and western Germany.
Another theory adopts parts of both, proposing that certain of the Judeo-Romance languages ( variously, Zarphatic, Shuadit, Italkian and Catalanic ) are descended from Judeo-Latin, but that others ( variously, Zarphatic, Catalanic, Ladino, Judeo-Portuguese ) are the product of independent development.
Judeo-Latin, Zarphatic, Shuadit, Catalanic and Judeo-Aragonese are all now dead languages.
Judeo-Latin since ancient times, Zarphatic and Judeo-Aragonese in the Middle Ages, and Shuadit, upon the death of its last speaker in 1977.
was and written
The contents of this 195-page document would become known to many before it would become known to the man it was written about.
`` This was not merely alleging errors, but was carried out by day-after-day allegations in memos, written charges of serious consequence.
Trevelyan's Manin And The Venetian Revolution Of 1848, his last major volume on an Italian theme, was written in a minor key.
That night a note written in Slocum's hand and dated from inside the captured city came to Sherman stating that the Twentieth Corps was in possession of Atlanta.
In a letter to Meynell, which was written in June, less than a month before Katie's wedding, he was highly melodramatic in his despair and once again announced his intention of returning to the life of the streets: ``
When they were first written, there was evidently no thought of their being published, and those which refer to the writer's love for Mrs. Meynell particularly have the ring of truth.
But Morgan did not leave before he had written a letter to a William Pickman in Salem, Massachusetts, apparently an acquaintance, praising Washington and saying that the slanders propagated about him were `` opposed by the general current of the people to exalt General Gates at the expense of General Washington was injurious to the latter.
Against Seebohm formidable foes have taken the field, notably F. W. Maitland, whose Domesday Book And Beyond was written expressly for this purpose, and Sir Paul Vinogradoff whose The Growth Of The Manor had a similar aim.
Victor's book on John Lloyd Stephens was largely written in my study in the house at Weston.
I never met John Dewey, whose style was a sort of verbal fog and who had written asking me to go to Mexico with him when he was investigating the cause of Trotsky ; ;
Both Alfred Harcourt and Donald Brace had written him enthusiastic praise of Elmer Gantry ( any changes could be made in proof, which was already coming from the printer ) and they had ordered 140,000 copies -- the largest first printing of any book in history.
The fourteenth name was ( Richard ) Buckenham, written Buckman, admitted to Christ's College under Scott 2 July 1625.
Andre Malraux's The Walnut Trees Of Altenburg was written in the early years of the second World War, during a period of enforced leisure when he was taken prisoner by the Germans after the fall of France.
It was going to be hard going all the way because he hadn't written seriously for a while, except for a few stories, was tired of the old method of realismo he had so successfully used in The Sky Is Red.
But Michael Sept had unmasked him, revealing he had never been a bishop, but was an Anabaptist, afraid to state his faith, because he knew John Calvin had written a book against their belief that the soul slept after death.
`` It was a terrible loss to me '', said Kate quietly, feeling the pain twist again at the mention, knowing now that Juanita must have written to him at Grafton.
Failing to heed the lesson so clearly contained in the satellite treaties, President Truman re-declared the Cold War on March 12, 1947, in the Truman Doctrine, exactly one week after the Herald Tribune editorial was written, and a year after the Cold War had been announced by Churchill at Fulton, Missouri, in Truman's presence.
the `` sober opinion '' of his letter to Noyes, written when Hardy was eighty years old, is essentially that of his first `` philosophical '' notebook entry, made when he was twenty-five: `` The world does not despise us: it only neglects us '' ( Early Life, p. 63 ).
There was one sterile period: only one poem is dated between 1872 and 1882 and, except for the poems written on the trip to Italy in 1887, very few from 1882 to 1890.
was and using
From the back of the barn it was a simple matter to reach Black's house without using the street.
His arm had been giving him some trouble and Rector was not enough of a medical expert to determine whether it had healed improperly or whether Hino was simply rebelling against the tedious work in the print shop, using the stiffness in his arm as an excuse.
The 10.3-cm observation of Sloanaker was made on May 20, 1958, using the 84-foot reflector at the Maryland Point Observatory of the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory.
An aqueous suspension of the spores of B. subtilis, var. niger, generally known as Bacillus globigii, was aerosolized using commercially available nozzles.
The chromatography was done at 6-degrees-C using gradient elution, essentially according to Sober and Peterson.
Paper electrophoresis was carried out on the concentrated samples in a Spinco model R cell using barbital buffer, pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.075, at room temperature on Whatman 3MM filter paper.
Five milliamperes/cell were applied for 18 hr, after which the strips were stained with bromphenol blue and densitometry was carried out using a Spinco Analytrol.
When the early part of the gradient was flattened, either by using the gradient shown in Fig. 2 or by allowing the `` cone-sphere '' gradient to become established more slowly, Region 2 activity could sometimes be separated into two areas ( donors P. J. and R. S., Fig. 1 and E. M., Fig. 2 ).
A sample of Fraction Af from group O plasma was dissolved in starting buffer, dialyzed against this buffer and subjected to chromatography using the gradient shown in Fig. 2.
The precipitate was washed twice with an 80% saturated solution of Af, dissolved in a small quantity of 0.1 M neutral phosphate buffer, dialyzed against cold distilled water till free from ammonium ions, and lyophilized using liquid nitrogen.
-- An extensive series of measurements was made on a high-density polyethylene in a torsion pendulum instrument using forced sinusoidal oscillation, free vibration, and creep measurements over the temperature range of Af to 80-degrees-C.
As a result, she consulted medical authorities and learned that the devices her quack `` doctor '' was using were phony.
In Chicago, some time ago, Mr. H., age 27, a diabetic since he was six, stopped using insulin because he had bought a `` magic spike '' -- a glass tube about the size of a pencil filled with barium chloride worth a small fraction of a cent -- sold by the Vrilium Company of Chicago for $306 as a cure-all.
Simply using it increases its intensity, I was told by one sensitive.
the press reported the same facts in using Harrington's interview, but Lizzie did not suggest at the inquest that Harrington was the killer.
Mitchell was for using it, Jones against, and Sen. Wayne Dumont Jr. R-Warren did not mention it when the three Republican gubernatorial candidates spoke at staggered intervals before 100 persons at the Park Hotel.
Six radiomen told how, twice on two days after the ring was nabbed, a transmitter near Moscow was heard calling, using signals, times and wavelengths specified on codes found hidden in cigaret lighters in Lonsdale's apartment and the Krogers' house and also fastened to the transmitter lid.
Russian tanks and artillery parading through the streets of Havana, Russian intrigue in the Congo, and Russian arms drops in Laos ( using the same Ilyushin transports that were used to carry Communist agents to the Congo ) made it plain once more that the cold war was all of a piece in space and time.
The cleansing tissues she had been using had been falling on the floor, and he got up and picked up one, then another, hoping she would notice what he was doing.
He felt such action could only be taken by the commander-in-chief using war powers granted to the president by the Constitution, and Lincoln was planning to take that action.
Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using physical laws.
By 1827 Laplace was using least
Calculations were carried out using a yupana ( Quechua for " counting tool "; see figure ) which was still in use after the conquest of Peru.
0.166 seconds.