The model of an egg was often used by Chinese astronomers like Zhang Heng ( 78-139 AD ) to describe the heavens as spherical:

* Zhang Heng

For his Spiritual Constitution of the Universe ( 靈憲, Ling Xian ) of 120 AD, the astronomer Zhang Heng ( 78-139 AD ) compiled a star catalogue comprising 124 constellations.

* Zhang Heng

Zhang Heng (; AD 78 – 139 ) was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan.

A 2nd-century Lacquerware | lacquer-painted scene on a basket box showing famous figures from Chinese history who were paragons of filial piety ; Zhang Heng became well-versed at an early age in the Five Classics | Chinese classics and the philosophy of China's earlier sages.

Born in the town of Xi ' e in Nanyang Commandery ( located north of modern Nanyang City, Henan province ), Zhang Heng came from a distinguished but not very affluent family.

Zhang Heng began his studies in astronomy at the age of thirty, and began publishing his works in astronomy and mathematics.

As Chief Astronomer, Zhang Heng earned a fixed salary and rank of 600 bushels of grain ( which was mostly commuted to payments in Chinese coins | coinage currency or bolts of silk ), and so he would have worn a specified type of robe, ridden in a specified type of carriage, and held a unique emblem that marked his status in the official hierarchy.

The officials Liu Zhen and Liu Taotu, members of a committee to compile the dynastic history Dongguan Hanji ( 東觀漢記 ), sought permission from the court to consult Zhang Heng.

Chinese ceramics | A pottery miniature Chinese palaces | of a palace made during the Han Dynasty ; as a palace attendant, Zhang Heng had personal access to Emperor Shun and the right to escort him

As Palace Attendant to Emperor Shun, Zhang Heng attempted to convince him that the court eunuchs represented a threat to the imperial court.

While working for the central court, Zhang Heng had access to a variety of written materials located in the Archives of the Eastern Pavilion.

In his poetry, Zhang Heng expressed his affinity for gracious and commendable women.

Wang Chong also accurately described the water cycle in meteorology, and argued against the mainstream ' radiating influence ' theory for solar eclipses, the latter of which was accepted by many, including Zhang Heng.

Zhang Heng, as Chinese astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman and literary scholar, invented the first seismoscope of world.

* Zhang Heng, Chinese statesman, poet, inventor, astronomer, geographer, and engineer

* 125: Zhang Heng of China invents the world's first water-powered armillary sphere

* 132: Zhang Heng of China invents first seismometer to detect the cardinal direction of earthquakes

Zhang Heng

* Zhang Heng of Han Dynasty China invents a hydraulic-powered armillary sphere.

* Zhang Heng, Chinese mathematician, astronomer, inventor, poet, artist, scholar, geographer, and statesman ( d. 139 )

* Chinese scientist Zhang Heng corrects the calendar to bring it into line with the four seasons.

* Chinese scientist Zhang Heng invents the first seismometer for determining the exact cardinal direction of earthquakes hundreds of miles away ; the device employs a series of complex gears around a central swinging pendulum.

* Zhang Heng, Chinese astronomer and mathematician ( b. 78 )

In his 1341 poem, The Iron Cannon Affair, one of the first accounts of the use of gunpowder artillery in China, Xian Zhang wrote that a cannonball fired from an eruptor could " pierce the heart or belly when it strikes a man or horse, and can even transfix several persons at once.

During the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, who was mayor of Changsha near the end of the 2nd century AD, wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage, which contains the earliest known reference to the Neijing Suwen.

Rafe de Crespigny, Tong Xiao, and David R. Knechtges claim that Zhang wrote this as an innuendo hinting at his inability to keep in contact with the emperor, hindered by unworthy rivals and petty men.

Cao Cao wrote Sun Quan with a letter intending to intimidate, and in face of Cao's overwhelming force ( estimated to be about 220, 000 men, although Cao claimed 800, 000, against Sun's 30, 000 and the Lius ' combined force of 10, 000 ), many of Sun's subordinates, including Zhang Zhao, advocated surrender.

The party apparatus, under orders from Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao, wrote a eulogy affirming Mao's achievements in order to justify their claims to power.

One prisoner, Zhang Xianliang, wrote that “ the parasites on a single inmate ’ s underpants would be as numerous as the words on the front page of a newspaper .” He also noted fleas would be so numerous that they would “ turn his quilt purplish black with their droppings .” Roundworms are also a common threat to the prisoners health, especially in laogai farms where human excrement is used as fertilizer.

Zhang first came to prominence as the result of his October 1958 Jiefang (" Liberation ") magazine entitled “ Destroy the Ideas of Bourgeois Legal Ownership .” Mao Zedong ordered the reproduction of the article in Renmin Ribao (" People ’ s Daily "), and personally wrote an accompanying “ Editor ’ s Note ” giving mild approval.

Zhang Xuecheng famously wrote that the novel was 70 % fact and 30 % fiction.

In addition, after the will was read Yinzhen wrote that the officials ( premier Zhang Tingyu, Longkedo and Yinzhi ) and Prince Cheng led the other princes in the ceremonial Three-Kneels and Nine-Salutes to the emperor.

) Zhang had his supporters wrote Jiazi in large characters with white talc everywhere they could — including on the doors of many imperial offices in the capital Luoyang and other cities.

Because of her expertise in the subject, Arthur Golden asked for her to act as a consultant when he wrote Memoirs of a Geisha, and later Rob Marshall, director of the 2005 film adaptation starring Zhang Ziyi, consulted with her.

In " Love ", for example, Zhang Chu wrote:

When Liu Biao named his oldest son Liu Qi as his heir on his deathbed, Cai Mao and his nephew Zhang Yun wrote a forged will choosing Liu Biao's second son Liu Cong, because Liu Cong was married to Cai Mao's niece.

In 371, he wrote to Zhang Tianxi and persuaded him to submit to Former Qin authority as a vassal.

The Republican-era Yunnan historian Zhang Hualan ( 張華爛 ) wrote in his article " Discussion on Meng Huo " ( 孟獲辯 ) that Meng was a fictional character invented by later historians, noting that the name " Huo " ( 獲 ), which means " captured " in Chinese, is too coincidental considering Meng's fate on being captured, a view shared by many academics.

Of the old gallery road, Zhang wrote:

The group of students, led by Zhang Chengzhi at Tsinghua University Middle School and Nie Yuanzi at Peking University, originally wrote the posters as a constructive criticism of Tsinghua University and Peking University's administration, which were accused of harboring " intellectual elitism " and " bourgeois " tendencies.

Writing little more than a century before Zhang Heng, the mathematician and music theorist Jing Fang ( 78 – 37 BC ) wrote in the 1st century BC:

Afterwards he wrote the book Zhang Tian-zhu Guo Tu ( Illustrated Accounts of Central India ), which included a wealth of geographical information.

In Xuanshi Zhi ( 宣室志 ), the author Zhang Du ( 張讀 ) wrote: