Zhuyin ( sometimes called Bopomofo ) is a semi-syllabary used to phonetically transcribe Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China.

While Zhuyin is not used as a mainstream writing system, it is still often used in ways similar to a romanization system — that is, for aiding in pronunciation and as an input method for Chinese characters on computers and cellphones.

Image: Keyboard layout Chinese Traditional. png | Chinese ( traditional ) keyboard layout, a US keyboard with Zhuyin, Cangjie and Dayi key labels, which can all be used to input Chinese characters into a computer

Compare these transcriptions of Chinese 道: Wade – Giles tao or tao < sup > 4 </ sup > ( marking 4th tone ), Legge romanization tâo, Latinxua Sin Wenz dau, Yale Romanization dàu, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II dau, Hanyu Pinyin dào, Tongyong Pinyin daˋo, Gwoyeu Romatzyh or National Romanization daw, Zhuyin fuhao ㄉㄠ, and Cyrillic Palliday system дао.

* Zulong () or Zhuyin () was a giant red draconic solar deity in Chinese mythology.

Because of this, many romanization tables contain Chinese characters plus one or more romanizations or Zhuyin.

Children's books published in Taiwan typically display Zhuyin characters next to Chinese characters in the text.

* Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool-Converts between Tongyong Pinyin, Hanyu Pinyin, Zhuyin and other formats

* Zhuyin Fuhao characters, although not true Chinese characters, are virtually always written with regular script strokes.

The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation ( 讀音統一會 Pinyin: Dúyīn Tǒngyī Huì ) was established in the Republic of China from 1912 to 1913 to select ancillary phonetic symbols for Mandarin, ( Zhuyin was the product ) and set the standard Guoyu pronunciation of basic Chinese characters.

GB2312 includes 6, 763 Chinese characters ( on two levels: the first is arranged by reading, the second by radical then number of strokes ), along with symbols and punctuation, Japanese kana, the Greek and Cyrillic alphabets, Zhuyin, and a double-byte set of Pinyin letters with tone marks.

* Pronunciations, in Sino-Japanese borrowings, Middle Chinese with every fanqie spelling and rime dictionary category listed in the Jiyun, and Modern Standard Chinese in the semi-phonetic Zhuyin ( or Bopomofo ) system and in Wade-Giles romanization.

Volume 1 contains Hanrei ( 凡例, " Introductory Remarks ") and a comprehensive chart comparing the Zhuyin, Wade-Giles, and Pinyin systems for every phoneme used in modern Chinese.

Phonetic methods are based on standard pinyin, Zhuyin, and Jyutping in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, respectively.

Zhuyin on a cell phone

Image: Keyboard layout Zhuyin. svg | A typical keyboard layout for zhuyin on computers, which can be used as an input method

* Tongyong uses tone marks like Zhuyin, and not like Hanyu, i. e., Tongyong has no mark for the first tone, but a dot for the neutral tone ( which is optional on computers ).

On the keys, the Latin letters are in the upper left, Zhuyin symbols on the upper right, Cangjie symbols on the lower left, and Dayi symbols on the lower right.

( Zhuyin fuhao, a standard phonetic system for language education in Taiwan's schools, does not employ the Latin alphabet.

After the later establishment of the People's Republic of China and its adoption of Hanyu Pinyin, the use of Zhuyin today is limited, but it's still widely used in Taiwan where the Republic of China still governs.

For most of these scripts, regardless of whether letters or diacritics are used, the most common tone is not marked, just as the most common vowel is not marked in Indic abugidas ; in Zhuyin not only is one of the tones unmarked, but there is a diacritic to indicate lack of tone, like the virama of Indic.

Zhuyin, as a non-romanization, does not require the representation of any empty rime.

The political impasse stalled Ministry of Education goals of replacing Zhuyin with pinyin to teach pronunciation in elementary school.

Zhuyin is still widely used to teach Mandarin pronunciation to schoolchildren.

* The Hanyu Pinyin-i ( not represented in Zhuyin ) known as the empty rime ( 空韻 ), are shown as-ih ( partially like Wade-Giles ), i. e., those in Hanyu Pinyin as zi ( 資 ), ci ( 慈 ), si ( 思 ), zhi ( 知 ), chi ( 吃 ), shi ( 詩 ), and ri ( 日 ) all end in-ih in Tongyong Pinyin.

Jiyin Zimu was renamed to Zhuyin Fuhao.

# Proclaimed Zhuyin Zimu.

# All textbooks and some official documents were to be annotated by Zhuyin.

Pohl and Kornbluth's ad men have long since thrown out appeals to reason and developed techniques of advertising which tie in with `` every basic trauma and neurosis in American life '', which work on the libido of consumers, which are linked to the `` great prime motivations of the human spirit ''.

and ( C ) to finance, for not more than three years beyond the end of said period, such activities as are required to correlate, coordinate, and round out the results of studies and research undertaken pursuant to this Act: Provided, That funds available in any one year for research and development may, subject to the approval of the Secretary of State to assure that such activities are consistent with the foreign policy objectives of the United States, be expended in cooperation with public or private agencies in foreign countries in the development of processes useful to the program in the United States: And provided further, That every such contract or agreement made with any public or private agency in a foreign country shall contain provisions effective to insure that the results or information developed in connection therewith shall be available without cost to the United States for the use of the United States throughout the world and for the use of the general public within the United States.

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The English never again developed a strong native music that could obliterate the traces of an earlier great age the way, say, the opera in Italy blotted out the Italian madrigal.

Over time, he developed an approach known as structural functionalism, which focused on how institutions in societies worked to balance out or create an equilibrium in the social system to keep it functioning harmoniously.

When fully developed, they break their way out of the egg capsules and disperse as juvenile salamanders.

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

He established the consistent use of the chemical balance, used oxygen to overthrow the phlogiston theory, and developed a new system of chemical nomenclature which held that oxygen was an essential constituent of all acids ( which later turned out to be erroneous ).

These activists also point out that heavy subsidization of developed nations ' agriculture and the aggressive use of export subsidies by some developed nations to make their agricultural products more attractive on the international market are major causes of declines in the agricultural sectors of many developing nations.

And even this 1. 5 % will be reduced to 1 %, if we take out India and China, which have not pursued liberal trade and industrial policies recommended by the developed countries.

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This project was developed in response to traffic congestion on Boston's historically tangled streets, which were laid out long before the advent of the automobile.

Graphics and titles were developed by the Lambie-Nairn design agency and were gradually rolled out across the whole of BBC News, including a similar design for regional news starting with Newsroom South East and the three BBC Nations – Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Further developed, and fully translated into English, this Communion service was included, one year later, in 1549, in a full prayer book, set out with daily offices, readings for Sundays and Holy Days, the Communion Service, Public Baptism, of Confirmation, of Matrimony, The Visitation of the Sick, At a Burial and the Ordinal ( added in 1550 ).

When telegraph messages were the state of the art in rapid long distance communication, elaborate systems of commercial codes that encoded complete phrases into single words ( commonly five-letter groups ) were developed, so that telegraphers became conversant with such " words " as BYOXO (" Are you trying to weasel out of our deal?

Capitalist economics developed out of the interactions of the following elements.

Chenla, their first independent state developed out of Funanese influence.

Chile developed a good export economy, including the export of fruits and vegetables to the northern hemisphere when they were out of season, and commanded high prices.

Dalmatia was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, who, upon retirement from Emperor in AD 305, built a large palace near Salona, out of which the city of Split later developed.

To break out of the limitations caused by river valleys, the first summit level canals were developed with the Grand Canal of China in 581 – 617 AD whilst in Europe the first, also using single locks, was the Stecknitz Canal in Germany in 1398.

Clowning was developed from a broad tradition of historical performances, and it is difficult to point out a singular tradition or even a few different ones as being the primary precursors to clowns.

He developed a method of measuring the horizontal intensity of the magnetic field which was in use well into the second half of the 20th century, and worked out the mathematical theory for separating the inner and outer ( magnetospheric ) sources of Earth's magnetic field.