* 1565 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer ( d. 1599 )

* 1658 – Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch naval officer ( b. 1599 )

* April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer ( d. 1599 )

* November 8 – Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch naval officer ( b. 1599 )

Like Gesner, Ulisse Aldrovandi, an encyclopedic naturalist began a 14-volume natural history with three volumes on birds, entitled ornithologiae hoc est de avibus historiae libri XII which was published from 1599 to 1603.

Henry's marriage to Margaret, which had produced no heir, was annulled in 1599 and he married Marie de Medici, the niece of the grand duke of Tuscany.

Some other interesting buildings are the town hall ( Stadhuis ), a 16th-century building that was badly damaged by a fire in 1929 but has its Renaissance façade designed by Lieven de Key still standing ; the Gemeenlandshuis van Rijnland ( 1596, restored in 1878 ); De Waag ( weigh house in Dutch ), built by Pieter Post ; the former court-house ( Gerecht ); a corn-grinding windmill, now home to a museum ( Molen de Valk ) ( 1743 ); the old gymnasium ( Latijnse School ) ( 1599 ) and the city carpenter's yard and wharf ( Stadstimmerwerf ) ( 1612 ), both built by Lieven de Key ( c. 1560 – 1627 ).

Title page of the book Guzmán de Alfarache ( 1599 )

Another early example is Mateo Alemán's Guzmán de Alfarache ( 1599 ), characterized by religiosity.

Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (; baptised June 6, 1599 – August 6, 1660 ) was a Spanish painter who was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV.

Gabrielle d ' Estrées, Duchess of Beaufort and Verneuil, Marchioness of Monceaux (; 1573 – 10 April 1599 ) was a French mistress of King Henry IV of France, born at either the Château de la Bourdaisière in Montlouis-sur-Loire, in Touraine, or at the château de Cœuvres, in Picardy.

In 1599, he published the first part of Guzmán de Alfarache, a celebrated picaresque novel which passed through no less than sixteen editions in five years ; a spurious sequel was issued in 1602, but the authentic continuation did not appear until 1604.

* the Hoop (" Hope "), under Jacques Mahu († 1598 ), expedition leader, succeeded by Simon de Cordes († 1599 ), and finally, Jan Huidekoper,

* the Trouw (" Loyalty "), under Jurriaan van Boekhout († 1599 ), and finally, Baltazar de Cordes,

Heracles beating the Centaur Nessus ( 1599 ) is also a conscious tour de force.

both were founded in 1639 by French nun Marie de l ' Incarnation ( 1599 – 1672 ) alongside laywoman Marie-Madeline de Chauvigny de la Peltrie ( 1603 – 1671 ) and are the first Canadian institutions to have music as part of the curriculum.

By 1599 the last Metropolitan, Abraham, had died, and the Archbishop of Goa, Aleixo de Menezes, had secured the submission of the young Archdeacon George, the highest remaining representative of the native church hierarchy.

* Lorenzo de ' Medici ( 1599 – 1648 ) died unmarried.

* Alonso de Ribera ( Chile 1599 – 1617 )