* 1565 – Pedro Menéndez de Avilés sights land near St. Augustine, Florida and founds the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the continental United States.

* 1565 – Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.

Conrad von Gesner ( 1516 – 1565 ) and Nicholas Culpeper ( 1616 – 1654 ) also published herbals covering the medicinal uses of plants.

* 1565 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist ( b. 1516 )

There have been six non-imperial families who have controlled Japanese emperors: the Soga ( 530s – 645 ), the Fujiwara ( 850s – 1070 ), the Taira ( for a relatively short period ), the Minamoto ( and Kamakura bakufu ) ( 1192 – 1333 ), the Ashikaga ( 1336 – 1565 ) and the Tokugawa ( 1603 – 1867 ).

* 1522 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician ( d. 1565 )

1565 – 21 January 1628 ) was a German composer.

* 1565 – Battle of Talikota, fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Islamic sultanates of the Deccan, leads to the subjugation, and eventual destruction of the last Hindu kingdom in India, and the consolidation of Islamic rule over much of the Indian subcontinent.

* 1565 – Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.

* 1565 – Adrianus Turnebus, French scholar ( b. 1512 )

* 1647 – Francis Meres, English writer ( b. 1565 )

* 1565 – Turgut Reis ( Dragut ), commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Siege of Malta.

* 1565 – The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, Scotland.

*** Florida, 1565 – 1763

The Peace Party, however, had its own armed forces – scattered bands of household troops ( Hofleute ) under diverse command, which only united in action in 1565 ( Battle of Pärnu, 1565 and Siege of Reval, 1565 ), in 1570 – 1571 ( Siege of Reval, 1570-1571 ; 30 weeks ), and in 1574 – 1576 ( first on Sweden ’ s side, then came the sale of Wiek to the Danish Crown, and the loss of the territory to Tsardom of Russia ).

* August – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer ( b. 1565 )

An early observation of fluorescence was described in 1560 by Bernardino de Sahagún and in 1565 by Nicolás Monardes in the infusion known as lignum nephriticum ( Latin for " kidney wood ").

Despite Magellan ’ s visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until 1565 by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.

* 1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.

* 1629 – Jacob de Gheyn II, Dutch artist ( b. 1565 )

In 1565 Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Guam and took possession of the islands in the name of the Spanish Crown.

It appears the story was spread by Hubert Languet, who served as de Saxe under Emperor Charles V and then under the Prince of Orange, who claimed in 1565 that Vesalius was performing an autopsy on an aristocrat in Spain when it was found that the heart was still beating, leading to the Inquisition condemning him to death.

* May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch architect and sculptor ( b. 1565 )

de: 1565

* August 15 – Led by Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano, a Spanish missionary colony of 1, 500 men, on 13 ships, arrives from Vera Cruz at Pensacola Bay, founding the oldest European settlement in the mainland U. S. ( St. Augustine is founded in 1565.

** Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher ( d. 1565 )

** Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist and author ( d. 1565 )

The Medici produced four Popes of the Catholic Church — Pope Leo X ( 1513 – 1521 ), Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 1534 ), Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 1565 ), and Pope Leo XI ( 1605 ); two regent queens of France — Catherine de ' Medici ( 1547 – 1559 ) and Marie de ' Medici ( 1600 – 1610 ); and, in 1531, the family became hereditary Dukes of Florence.

The city is named for Jean Parisot de la Valette, who succeeded in defending the island from an Ottoman invasion in 1565.

Some well known architects of the period were Jacob van Campen ( 1595 – 1657 ), Lieven de Key ( c. 1560 – 1627 ) and Hendrik de Keyser ( 1565 – 1621 ).

* García de Castro, Lope, Despatch, Lima, 6 March 1565, Gobernantes del Perú, cartas y papeles, Siglo XVI, Documentos del Archivo de Indias, Coleción de Publicaciones Históricas de la Biblioteca del Congreso Argentino, ed.

Dordrecht around 1565, by Jacob van DeventerIn 1572, four years into the Dutch Revolt, representatives of all the cities of Holland, with the exception of Amsterdam, as well as the Watergeuzen, represented by William II de la Marck, gathered in Dordrecht to hold the Eerste Vrije Statenvergadering (" First Assembly of the Free States "), also known as the Unie van Dordrecht (" Union of Dordrecht ").

From 1565 through 1567, Mem de Sá, a Portuguese colonial official and the third Governor General of Brazil, successfully destroyed a ten year-old French colony called France Antarctique, at Guanabara Bay.

Two paintings ( both dated 1565 ) by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depict Dutch peasants curling — Scotland and the Low Countries had strong trading and cultural links during this period, which is also evident in the history of golf.

* September 29-Johannes Acronius, Dutch theologian ( born 1565 )

Its popularity ensured it was republished in five Latin editions within ten years, with translations into Italian ( 1560 ), French, ( 1565 ) and Dutch ( 1566 ) printed.

It was translated into Italian ( 1565 ), German ( 1567 ), English ( 1658 ) and Dutch ( 1665 ), and not until 1909 into Swedish.

The English traveller Andrew Battel, wrote that when he was there in about 1610, that the predecessor of the unnamed king ruling at that time was named " Gembe " or Gymbe ( modernized as Njimbe ), A Dutch description published in 1625 said that a ruler who had died sometime before that date had ruled for 60 years and thus took the throne around 1565.

Hendrick de Keyser ( 15 May 1565 – 15 May 1621 ) was a Dutch sculptor and architect born in Utrecht, Netherlands, who was instrumental in establishing a late Renaissance form of Mannerism in Amsterdam.

It was translated into Italian ( 1565 ), German ( 1567 ), English ( 1658 ) and Dutch ( 1665 ).

The European discovery and naming of Anguilla is often credited to French explorer Pierre Laudonnaire who visited the island in 1565, though according to some it had been sighted and named by Columbus in 1493.

Several datus succeeded Datu Manduyog until the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi landed in Batan in 1565 and claimed the island for Spain.

The Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Cebu on April 28, 1565 and occupied the villages ruled by Rajah Tupas.

* Henry Hudson, English explorer ( born c. 1565 )

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés ( 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574 ) was an Asturian ( northern region in the Iberian Peninsula ) admiral and explorer, best remembered for founding St. Augustine, Florida in 1565.

The Opata fiercely resisted the expedition of Spanish explorer, Francisco Ibarra in 1565 and, for a period of 60 years thereafter, the Spanish made no further attempts to conquer the Opateria.

In 1565, the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi claimed Guam for Spain.

The Spanish explorer Francisco de Ibarra found the site of Casa Grandes in 1565.

He made a blood compact (" Sanduguan ") and alliance with the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi on March 16, 1565 near the modern town of Loay.

In 1565, European colonization began in earnest when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico and formed the first European settlements in Cebu.

Another explorer, Miguel López de Legazpi, arrived in Umatac in 1565 and claimed the island of Guam for Spain.