Pakistan was created in 1947 expressly as a Muslim state, but when the army took over eleven years later it did so on a wave of mass impatience which was directed in part against the inability of political and religious leaders to think their way through to the meaning of Islam for the modern political situation.

The conventional symbol Z comes from the German word meaning number / numeral / figure, which prior to the modern synthesis of ideas from chemistry and physics, merely denoted an element's numerical place in the periodic table.

For example, the word " Amerika " in German has a one-to-one equivalence to its meaning in modern English: it may denote North America, South America, or both, and in some instances refers to the United States only.

The modern name for amber is thought to come from the Arabic word, ambar, meaning ambergris.

The meaning was eventually further generalized in its modern English usage to apply to any outrageous act or exhibition of pride or disregard for basic moral laws.

The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).

A good example of the contempt the first democrats felt for those who did not participate in politics can be found in the modern word ' idiot ', which finds its origins in the ancient Greek word, idiōtēs, meaning a private person, a person who is not actively interested in politics ; such characters were talked about with contempt, and the word eventually acquired its modern meaning.

Alexander's selection of this word pre-dates the modern meaning of the word originated by Sigmund Freud.

The term " aesthetics " was appropriated and coined with new meaning in the German form Æsthetik ( modern spelling Ästhetik ) by Alexander Baumgarten in 1735.

The name is usually derived from a toponym, Angeln, from a Germanic word * anguz meaning " narrow " ( modern High German " eng ") or " angular " ( of the shape of the Jutland peninsula ).

In modern ground forces ' usage, the meaning of armour has expanded to include the role of troops in combat.

The modern and advanced meaning refers to the geometry of analytic varieties.

" The term was introduced by Apollonius of Perga in his work on conic sections, but in contrast to its modern meaning, he used it to mean any line that does not intersect the given curve.

The word originally could refer to any small boat ; the modern meaning arose around 1480.

The Hebrew text of Samuel is widely recognised to be heavily corrupted with errors ( meaning that scribes, over the centuries, have introduced many mistakes while copying the original version ), while in addition the Greek and Hebrew versions differ considerably ; modern scholars are still working at finding the best solutions to the many problems this presents.

The modern Turkish name İstanbul derives from the Greek phrase eis tin polin ( εις την πόλιν ), meaning " in the City " or " to the City ".

The game, first known as crapaud ( a French word meaning " toad " in reference to the original style of play by people crouched over a floor or sidewalk ), reportedly owes its modern popularity to street craps.

In modern times the name " cardinal priest " is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests.

" Civilization was not used in its modern sense to mean " the opposite of barbarism "— as contrasted to civility, meaning politeness or civil virtue — until the second half of the 18th century.

The meaning of " Capet " ( a nickname rather than a surname of the modern sort ) is unknown.

The censors ' regulation of public morality is the origin of the modern meaning of the words " censor " and " censorship.

It was this authority of the Roman censors which eventually developed into the modern meaning of " censor " and " censorship "— i. e., officials who review published material and forbid the publication of material judged to be contrary to " public morality " as the term is interpreted in a given political and social environment.

For the same reason, Kung-fu ( Pinyin gōngfú 功夫 " ability ", meaning " Chinese martial arts ") is pronounced instead of.

In its original meaning, kung fu can refer to any skill achieved through hard work and practice, not necessarily martial.

, meaning " Way of The Sword ", is a modern Japanese martial art of sword-fighting based on traditional swordsmanship ( kenjutsu ) which originated with the samurai class of feudal Japan.

Wrestlers incorporate kicks and strikes from martial arts disciplines, and a strong emphasis is placed on submission wrestling, and unlike the use of involved storylines in the U. S., they are not as intricate in Japan, more emphasis is placed on the concept of Fighting Spirit, meaning the Wrestlers display of physical and mental stamina are valued a lot more than theatrics.

The word " wuxia " is a compound word composed of the words wu ( 武 ), which means " martial ", " military ", or " armed ", and xia ( 俠 ), meaning " honourable ", " chivalrous ", or " hero ".

Over time its meaning has been refined to emphasize more ideals such as knightly virtues, honour and courtly love, and less the martial aspects of the tradition.

< i > al </ i >., ( History of Chinese Science and Medicine, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London ), ISBN 10 0-9823212-4-4 .</ ref > and word < i > wushidao </ i > ( 武士道 ), loosely meaning a soldier well-trained in martial arts.

The subword "< i > wushi </ i >," ( 武士 ) when bifurcated into two parts, the first term "< i > wu </ i >" ( 武 ) describes a person competent in martial arts such as King Wu, with the second term "< i > shi </ i >," ( 士 ) meaning army .< ref > 易經道 Yijing Dao, 鳴鶴在陰, Calling crane in the shade, Biroco-The Art of Doing Nothing, 2003-2012, 馬夏 ( Ma, Xia ) < i > et </ i >.

The exact meaning of randori depends on the martial art it is used in.

Tohei's art is correctly called Shin Shin Tōitsu-dō ( 心身統一道 ), meaning " the way of realizing the unity of mind and body ", but the martial discipline of the art is frequently isolated and referred to as Ki-Aikido, particularly in the Western world.

It is now conveyed to the community by means of the gelanggang bangsal meaning the martial arts training institution carried out by silat instructors.

The techniques of self-defense and using farm tools as weapons against armed opponents — called " Karate " by today's martial artists — was created totally by Uchinanchu who probably incorporated some gong fu and native techniques from China into a complete system of attack and defense known simply as Te ( literally meaning " hand ( s )," but with a strong connotation of " manoeuvre ( s )").

Budō is a compound of the root bu ( 武: ぶ ), meaning war or martial ; and dō ( 道: どう ), meaning path or way.

Similarly to budō, bujutsu is a compound of the roots bu ( 武 ), and jutsu ( 術: じゅつ ), meaning technique Thus, budō is most often translated as " the way of war ", or " martial way ", while bujutsu is translated as " science of war " or " martial craft.

In modern usage, bujutsu, meaning martial / military art / science, is typified by its practical application of technique to real-world or battlefield situations.

Budō, meaning martial Way, has a more philosophical emphasis.

More specifically, martial arts were taught in the payattu kalari, meaning fight school.

Systema (, literally meaning The System ) is a Russian martial art.

or Ko-budō, a Japanese term meaning " old martial way ", may refer to:

It is formed from the two words 武術: 武 (), meaning " martial " or " military " and 術 (), which translates into " discipline ", " skill " or " method.

The term Kuoshu ( or Guoshu, meaning " national art "), rather than the colloquial term gongfu was introduced by the Kuomintang in an effort to more closely associate Chinese martial arts with national pride rather than individual accomplishment.