There was the Neapolitan, Ribas, a capable conniver whose father had been a blacksmith but who had fawned his way up the ladder of Catherine's and Potemkin's favor till he was now a brigadier ( and would one day be the daggerman designated to do in Czar Paul 1,, after traveling all the way to Naples to procure just the right stiletto ).

True, there had been raids on Naples -- but Naples was pretty far north on the opposite coast.

In 1421 Queen Joan II of Naples, who had no children, adopted and named him as heir to the Kingdom of Naples, and Alfonso went to Naples.

Naples, which was held by Alfonso's brother, Pedro de Aragon, was besieged in 1424 by the Genoese ships and Joan's troops, now led by Francesco Sforza, son of Muzio ( who had died at L ' Aquila ).

In the meantime, René had managed to reach Naples on 19 May 1438.

This was because in 1448, while Skanderbeg was victoriously fighting off the Turkish invasions, three military columns, commanded by Demetrio Reres along with his sons Giorgio and Basilio, were dispatched to help Alfonso V defeat the barons of Naples who had rebelled against him.

He founded the Academy of Naples under Giovanni Pontano and, for his entrance in the city in 1443, had a magnificent triumphal arch added to the main gate of Castel Nuovo.

In 1702 Scarlatti left Naples and did not return until the Spanish domination had been superseded by that of the Austrians.

Mitridate Eupatore, accounted his masterpiece, composed for Venice in 1707, contains music far in advance of anything that Scarlatti had written for Naples, both in technique and in intellectual power.

In 1388, after Count Louis II of Provence had left to conquer Naples, the Count of Savoy Amadeus VIII took control of Barcelonnette ; however, it returned to Provençal control in 1390, with the d ' Audiffret family as its lords.

Striking southwards in the hope of collecting information about French movements, Nelson's ships stopped at Elba and Naples, where the British ambassador Sir William Hamilton reported that the French fleet had passed Sicily in the direction of Malta.

He was Great Constable of the kingdom of Naples ( 1639-1641 ) as had been his father Filippo I Colonna, ( 1578 – 11 April 1639 ).

These castes had a complex structure in the fragmented city states of Italy such as Genoa, Venice, Naples, Roma, Florence and Lombardy ; in some, the merchants were the nobili, in others the nobili despised the merchant caste and were agriculturalists, in yet others the nobili caste despised all work.

He had left Naples due to tensions between the Angevin king and Florence.

The Hungarian knight army had its golden age under King Louis the Great, who himself was a famed warrior and conducted successful campaigns in Italy due to family matters ( his younger brother married Joan I, Queen of Naples who murdered him later.

Conradin's campaign to retake control ended with his defeat in 1268 at the Battle of Tagliacozzo after which he was handed over to Charles, who had him publicly executed at Naples.

A few months before his arrival Garibaldi had seized the Kingdom of Naples, and all of Southern Italy and Sicily had been annexed to the new Kingdom of Italy.

However, Sicard had opened up the south to the invasive actions of the Saracens in his war with Andrew II of Naples and when he was assassinated in 839, Amalfi declared independence and two factions fought for power in Benevento, crippling the principality and making it susceptible to external enemies.

Tradition has it that Alfonso of Aragon was an illegitimate son of the King of Naples and that her brother Cesare may have had him murdered after his political value waned.

It is widely rumored that Lucrezia's brother Cesare was responsible for Alfonso's death, as he had recently allied himself ( through marriage ) with France against Naples.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

* July 28 – Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon I and King of Naples and Spain ( b. 1768 )

Ferdinand was forced to flee from Naples in 1806 when Napoleon Bonaparte deposed him and installed his brother, Joseph, as king.

Corte was the birthplace of Joseph Bonaparte ( 1768 – 1844 ), the eldest brother of the French Emperor Napoleon I, who made him King of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ).

Napoleon, however, may have arranged with Cavour to leave the king of Sardinia free to take possession of Naples, Umbria and the other provinces, provided that Rome and the " patrimony of St. Peter " were left intact.

On behalf of the Allies, Austria agreed to send a force to the Kingdom of Naples to depose Murat in February 1815, when it became apparent that Murat corresponded with Napoleon I, which was explicitly forbidden by a recent treaty.

Joseph-Napoleon Bonaparte ( 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844 ) was the elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and Sicily ( 1806 – 1808 ), and later King of Spain ( 1808 – 1813, as José I ).

In 1806, Joseph was given military command of Naples, and shortly afterward was made king by Napoleon, to be replaced two years later by his sister's husband, Joachim Murat.

Maria Carolina's Kingdom of Naples had also come into direct conflict with French forces led by Napoleon Bonaparte.

Several years after the banishing of his family from France in 1816, arriving under vigilant disguise as the Count de Survilliers, Joseph Bonaparte, former King of Naples and Spain and brother to Napoleon I of France, established his residence in Bordentown.

* Joseph Bonaparte ( 1768 – 1844 ), King of Naples and Sicily, King of Spain and the Indies and brother to Napoleon I of France.

The composer then travelled to Naples and rehearsals of Un vendetta were about to begin when, on 14 January 1858, three Italians attempted to assassinate Emperor Napoleon III in Paris.

In 1809, one year after Murat's promotion from Grand Duke of Berg to King of Naples, Napoleon's young nephew, Prince Napoleon Louis Bonaparte ( 1804 – 1831, elder son of Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland ) became the Grand Duke of Berg ; French bureaucrats administered the territory in the name of the child.

Napoleon had made his brother-in-law, Joachim Murat, King of Naples on 1 August 1808.

In 1806, following decisive victories over the allied armies at Austerlitz and over the Neapolitans at Campo Tenese, Napoleon installed his brother, Joseph as King of Naples.

When he returned to Paris to protest his treatment in Naples, Napoleon sent him back to his post on pain of death.

Napoleon made him a Marshal of France on the field of battle, and soon after created him duke of Taranto in the Kingdom of Naples.

On the fall of Napoleon his father returned to Naples and suppressed the Sicilian constitution and autonomy, incorporating his two kingdoms into that of the Two Sicilies ( 1816 ); Francis then assumed the revived title of duke of Calabria.

Following the decision by King Ferdinand to side with the Third Coalition against Napoleon I of France, French forces had invaded the Kingdom of Naples in the spring of 1806, after the British army supposedly defending the kingdom evacuated Italy altogether.

Napoleon remarked to Antonio Canova that its lack in the museum he accumulated in Paris was the most important gap in the collection, and the sculpture was more than once crated ready for shipment to Paris before the Napoleonic regime fled Naples.

As the entire Spanish world rejected the new Bonaparte Dynasty ( Napoleon gave the crown of Spain to his brother, the King of Naples and Sicily ), Spain itself fell into chaos and it took almost a year for a coordinated, centralized provisional government ( the Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies ) to form.

Initially, Napoleon ’ s brother Joseph Bonaparte ruled Naples.

Then in 1808, Joseph was made King of Spain and Napoleon installed his brother-in-law, Joachim Murat, as King of Naples.

* Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who reigned in Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ) as Joseph I

In the years of the fall of Napoleon ( 1813 and 1814 ) he was present as British military representative with the Austrian troops until the campaign which terminated in the expulsion of Murat from Naples.