Luther returned Eck's assaults with more than equal vehemence and about this time Philipp Melanchthon wrote Œcolampadius that at Leipzig he had first become distinctly aware of the difference between what he considered to be true Christian theology and the scholasticism of the Aristotelian doctors.

Ecclesiastes ( 1646 ) is a plea for a plain style in preaching, avoiding rhetoric and scholasticism, for a more direct and emotional appeal.

The PCUS was one of the more conservative bodies of Presbyterianism throughout most of its history, with a strong emphasis on subscription to the Westminster Confession and interest in Calvinist scholasticism, particularly as expressed in Common Sense Realism and later the Princeton Theology.

Although philosophy has long been used in evaluation of religious claims ( e. g. Augustine and Pelagius's debate concerning original sin ), the rise of scholasticism in the 11th century, which represented " the search for order in intellectual life " ( Russell, 170 ), more fully integrated the Western philosophical tradition ( with the introduction of translations of Aristotle ) in religious study.

Romanides maintains the idea that Western theology is more dependent upon logic and reason, culminating in scholasticism used to validate truth and the existence of God, than upon establishing a relationship with God ( theosis and theoria ).

For more information see scholasticism.

In the Renaissance era, theology was generally declining in the face of the rise of humanism, with scholasticism becoming nothing more than an empty and routine methodology.

Aristotle's doctrine received a more or less intelligent expansion and illustration from the ancient commentators and the schoolmen, and in the still later period of transition from the age of scholasticism to the more modern philosophy, prolonged in the works of some writers far into the 17th century.

This democratization of Judaism attracted to the teachings of the Besht not only the common people, but also the scholars whom the rabbinical scholasticism and ascetic Kabbalah failed to satisfy.

As a program, scholasticism began as an attempt at harmonization on the part of medieval Christian thinkers: to harmonize the various authorities of their own tradition, and to reconcile Christian theology with classical and late antiquity philosophy, especially that of Aristotle but also of Neoplatonism.

It rejects and eliminates every speculative element not only of scholasticism but also of mysticism .... All remains is a flight from the world, a world that has not been brought home in Christ.

Wang Yangming's school of thought ( Ōyōmei-gaku in Japanese ) also provided, in part, an ideological basis for some samurai who sought to pursue action based on intuition rather than scholasticism.

Division between two primary Estates: Nobility, which is the estate proper, contains within itself the highest aspirations of its race and is therefore symbolic of the particular people in question, as well as being representative of Time in the sense of Directedness and Destiny ; and Priesthood, which is the anti-Estate, pursuing eternal Truth and attempting to subordinate Blood to Intellect primarily through asceticism, but also through scholasticism.

This term was however strongly linked to the metaphysical and cosmological theories of teleological scholasticism, including theories of the immortality of the soul, and the concept of the Active Intellect ( also known as the Active Intelligence ).

" The question of the vision of God, not only among Byzantine Theologians of the fourteenth century but also in earlier history, especially among the Greek Fathers, presents serious difficulty for those who want to study it from the standpoint of the concepts appropriate to Latin scholasticism.

Moses of Salerno's commentary on the Guide also contains Italian translations of technical terms, which brings the Guide's Islamic-influenced philosophical system into confrontation with 13th century Italian scholasticism.

Much of medieval thought in philosophy and theology can be found in scholastic textual commentary because scholasticism was such a popular method of teaching.

While these may be taken as representing, respectively, physical science yet in its infancy, and Aristotelian scholasticism in its most perfect form, he presents the mystical and Platonizing mode of speculation which had already, to some extent, found expression in Hugo and Richard of St. Victor, and in Bernard of Clairvaux.

Nine hundred years later, Thomas Aquinas — an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism — used the authority of Augustine's arguments as he laid out the conditions under which a war could be just:

Varieties of the doctrine may be found in Jewish, Christian, and Muslim philosophical theologians, especially during the heyday of scholasticism, though the doctrine's origins may be traced back to ancient Greek thought, finding apotheosis in Plotinus ' Enneads as the Simplex.

It is what they consider to be the Catholic Church's reliance on pagan metaphysical philosophy and rational methods such as scholasticism rather than on intuitive experience of God ( theoria ) that causes Orthodox to consider the Catholic Church heretical.

Suárez may be considered almost the last eminent representative of scholasticism.

Adriaan Heereboord had argued in Cartesian style, against scholasticism for limitations to be put on disputation, which should be bounded by good faith in the participants.

The intellectual freedom of the great scholars ( polyhistores ), both ecclesiastical and secular, of the following centuries would be inconceivable without the triumph of Psellus over Byzantine scholasticism.

The specialization restricting the meaning of " science " to natural science follows the rise of Baconian science, which contrasted " natural science " to scholasticism, the Aristotelean method of inquiring from first principles.

This story is an allegory ; the android was primitive scholasticism, which was broken by the Summa of St Thomas, the daring innovator who first substituted the absolute law of reason for arbitrary divinity, by formulating that axiom which we cannot repeat too often, since it comes from such a master: " A thing is not just because God wills it, but God wills it because it is just.

In 1807, inspired by his study of Dante, he published his first work Abélard und Dulcin, a defence of scholasticism and medieval thought.

Vesalius was the first in a series of anatomists who gradually replaced scholasticism with empiricism in physiology and medicine, relying on first-hand experience rather than authority and abstract reasoning.

The origins of the scholarly Indian Yogācāra tradition were rooted in the syncretic scholasticism of Nālandā University, where the doctrine of consciousness-only ( vijñapti-mātra or cittamātra ) was first extensively propagated.

Grabmann's 2-volume masterpiece The History of Scholastic Method ( Die geschichte der scolastischen methode ), 1909-1911 was the first scholarly work to draw the outlines of the ongoing development of thought in scholasticism.

Vladimir Lossky, a noted modern Eastern Orthodox theologian, argues the difference in East and West is due to the Roman Catholic Church's use of pagan metaphysical philosophy ( and scholasticism ) rather than actual experience of God called theoria, to validate the theological dogmas of Roman Catholic Christianity.

In Eastern Orthodoxy, theology is not treated as an academic pursuit, but it is based on revelation ( see gnosiology ), meaning that Orthodox theology and its theologians are validated by ascetic pursuits, rather than academic degrees ( i. e. scholasticism ).

Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism and the founding of universities ; and the building of Gothic cathedrals, which was one of the outstanding artistic achievements of the High Middle Ages.

The order was founded in the 14th to 15th century by Je Tsongkhapa, renowned for both his scholasticism and his virtue.

Not so much a philosophy or a theology as a method of learning, scholasticism places a strong emphasis on dialectical reasoning to extend knowledge by inference, and to resolve contradictions.

But Carafa was recalled to Rome by the reform-minded Pope Paul III ( 1534 – 49 ), to sit on a committee of reform of the papal court, an appointment that forecast an end to a humanist papacy, and a revival of scholasticism, for Carafa was a thorough disciple of Thomas Aquinas.

Malebranche ’ s biographer, Father Yves André reported that Malebranche was influenced by Descartes ’ book because it allowed him to view the natural world without Aristotelian scholasticism.

* Barbara, a mnemonic devised by mediaeval scholasticism for a particular syllogism

Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism and the founding of universities, while the building of Gothic cathedrals was one of the outstanding artistic achievements of the age.

According to Brunner, the authentic philosophy presented by Spinoza has its antithesis in scholasticism which reaches its highest expression in Immanuel Kant.

The Lutheran scholastic tradition of a thematic, ordered exposition of Christian theology emerged in the 16th century, with Philipp Melanchthon's Loci Communes, and was countered by a Calvinist scholasticism, exemplified by John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion.

Attempts were made to reconcile these three things by means of scholasticism.

Bogdani's work is a theological-philosophical treatise that considers with originality, by merging data from various sources, principal issues of theology, a full biblical history and the complicated problems of scholasticism, cosmogony, astronomy, pedagogy, etc.

faith ; the living continuity of the Church from her very foundation as an ideal factor of history, the emphasis of a common faith as the basis of Protestant theology ; the entire transformation of this theology by the principle of justification ; the necessity of preserving the principles of the Reformation in their purity ; the obscurity caused by the later Protestant scholasticism, which considered the dogmas laid down in the confessional writings of the Church as the final conclusion of all dogmatic knowledge ; and the sound reaction against this tendency by the Pietistic

This scholastic movement led by Khenpo Shenga came on the heels of the work of Mipham, who " completely revolutionised rNying ma pa scholasticism in the late 19th century, raising its status after many centuries as a comparative intellectual backwater, to arguably the most dynamic and expansive of philosophical traditions in all of Tibetan Buddhism, with an influence and impact far beyond the rNying ma pa themselves.