for still others, mostly of the nineteenth-century immigration, it was Roman Catholicism, and for a small minority it was Eastern Orthodoxy.

* Procession of the Cross and the beginning of Dormition Fast ( Eastern Orthodoxy )

Further, proponents of the necessity of the personal apostolic succession of bishops within the Church point to the universal practice of the undivided early Church ( up to AD 431 ), before being divided into the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

The Eastern Orthodox generally recognize Roman Catholic orders, but have a different concept of the apostolic succession as it exists outside of Eastern Orthodoxy.

Athanasius is counted as one of the four Great Doctors of the Church in the Roman Catholic Church as well as one of the Great Doctors of the Church in Eastern Orthodoxy, where he is also labeled the " Father of Orthodoxy ".

Category: Eastern Orthodoxy

In Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism, and Anglicanism, only a bishop can ordain other bishops, priests, and deacons.

The Catholic Church does recognise as valid ( though illicit ) ordinations done by breakaway Catholic, Old Catholic or Oriental bishops, and groups descended from them ; it also regards as both valid and licit those ordinations done by bishops of the Eastern churches, so long as those receiving the ordination conform to other canonical requirements ( for example, is an adult male ) and an orthodox rite of episcopal ordination, expressing the proper functions and sacramental status of a bishop, is used ; this has given rise to the phenomenon of episcopi vagantes ( for example, clergy of the Independent Catholic groups which claim apostolic succession, though this claim is rejected by both Orthodoxy and Catholicism ).

The " Song of the Three Holy Youths " is part of the Matins service in Eastern Orthodoxy, and of Lauds on Sundays and feast days in Catholicism.

This is still the understanding in Roman Catholicism, some parts of Anglicanism, Lutheranism and Eastern Orthodoxy.

Some Christians, such as Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, also have traditions of fasting, in which saints, as well as Jesus, are claimed to have been able to go for a period of time ( without any food, or with no food but the Eucharist ).

The three primary divisions of Christianity are Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.

Eastern Orthodoxy comprises those churches in communion with the Patriarchal Sees of the East, such as the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

Eastern Orthodoxy is the second largest single denomination in Christianity, with over 200 million adherents.

Constantine's foundation gave prestige to the Bishop of Constantinople, who eventually came to be known as the Ecumenical Patriarch, a situation that contributed to the Great Schism that divided Western Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy from 1054 onwards.

Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism do not believe in Purgatory as such, though the Orthodox Church is willing to allow for a period of continued sanctification ( the process of being made pure, or holy ) after death.

Its combination of modern innovation ( such as mixed gender seating ) and traditional practice particularly appealed to first and second-generation Eastern European Jewish immigrants, who found Orthodoxy too restrictive, but Reform Judaism foreign.

* Antisemitism and Eastern Orthodoxy

Modern gay Christian leader Justin R. Cannon promotes what he calls " Inclusive Orthodoxy " ( not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox Church ).

Western crucifixes usually have a three-dimensional corpus, but in Eastern Orthodoxy Jesus's body is normally painted on the cross, or in low relief.

In Eastern Orthodoxy, marriage is treated as a Sacred Mystery ( sacrament ), and as an ordination.

Most Christians believe that the kosher food laws do not apply to them as they are no longer under the Law of Moses, and that, as Jesus taught in Mark 7: what you eat doesn't make you unclean but what comes out of a man's heart makes him unclean — although Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy have their own set of dietary observances.

The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodox family of churches, which has been a distinct church body since the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, when it took a different position over Christological theology from that of the Eastern Orthodox Church ( not to be confused with the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria ).

Category: Eastern Orthodox theology

Cardiognosis (" knowledge of the heart ") from Eastern Christianity related to the tradition of the staretz and in Roman Catholic theology is the view that only God knows the condition of one's relationship with God.

Gnosis, as the proper use of the noetic faculty plays an important role in Eastern Orthodox theology.

Pope John Paul II repeatedly emphasized his respect for Eastern theology as an enrichment for the whole Church, declaring that, even after the painful division between the Christian East and the See of Rome, that theology has opened up profound thought-provoking prospectives of interest to the entire Church.

The Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite see Jacob's dream as a prophecy of the Incarnation of the Logos, whereby Jacob's ladder is understood as a symbol of the Theotokos ( Virgin Mary ), who, according to Orthodox theology, united heaven and earth in her womb.

Panentheism is a feature of some Christian thought, particularly in mystical Eastern Orthodoxy and process theology.

Eastern Orthodox theology holds that one inherits the nature of sinfulness but not Adam and Eve's guilt for their sin which resulted in the fall.

Today there are four main branches or families of Eastern Christianity, each of which has distinct theology and dogma.

The Eastern churches ' differences from Western Christianity have as much, if not more, to do with culture, language, and politics, as theology.

In Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox theology, the Ascension is interpreted as the culmination of the Mystery of the Incarnation, in that it not only marked the completion of Jesus ' physical presence among his apostles, but consummated the union of God and man when Jesus ascended in his glorified human body to sit at the right hand of God the Father.

Eastern Christianity makes use of both apophatic and cataphatic theology.

Category: Eastern Orthodox theology

In Eastern Orthodox Christian hymns and icons, the Ancient of Days is sometimes identified with God the Father ; but most properly, in accordance with Orthodox theology he is identified with God the Son, or Jesus Christ.

The Assyrian Church of the East, which recognizes the Latrocinium or " Second Council of Ephesus " of 449 as an ecumenical council, has some similar views to the Eastern Orthodox regarding sacramental theology in chrismation.

Thence, however, he continued to govern his diocese, while he found leisure for the preparation of two of the most important of his contributions to dogmatic and polemical theology: the De synodis or De fide Orientalium, an epistle addressed in 358 to the Semi-Arian bishops in Gaul, Germany and Britain, expounding the true views ( sometimes veiled in ambiguous words ) of the Eastern bishops on the Nicene controversy ; and the De trinitate libri XII, composed in 359 and 360, in which, for the first time, a successful attempt was made to express in Latin the theological subtleties elaborated in the original Greek.

This emphasis on divinization or theosis helped secure Maximus ' place in Eastern theology, as these concepts have always held an important place in Eastern Christianity.

His greatest work is his Geschichte der byzantinischen Literatur von Justinian bis zum Ende des Ostroemischen Reiches ( History of Byzantine literature from Justinian to the fall of the Eastern Empire, 1453 ), a second edition of which was published in 1897, with the collaboration of Albert Ehrhard ( section on theology ) and Heinrich Gelzer ( general sketch of Byzantine history, AD 395-1453 ).

In Eastern European Lithuanian life, Kabbalah was reserved for an intellectual elite, while the mystical revival of Hasidism articulated Kabbalistic theology through Hasidic thought.

Moltmann's “ theology of the cross ” was later developed into " Liberation Theologies " from suffering people under Stalinism in Eastern Europe and military dictatorships in South America and South Korea.

In addition, continuing the concerns of Leo XIII, he furthered Eastern Catholic culture, theology and liturgy by founding an Oriental Institute for them in Rome.

Titles in the Bajoran religion include a " Prylar " ( roughly equivalent to a Christian monk ), " Ranjen " ( a rank falling between Prylars and the next rank, and responsible for a variety of tasks ), " Mylar " ( priest or minister, mentioned in " Ties of Blood and Water "), " Vedek " ( cardinal, bishop ) and " Kai " ( equivalent to the pope in Roman Catholic theology or Patriarch in the Eastern Orthodox theology ).