Although it is sometimes used as a ' distance metric ', KL divergence is not a true metric since it is not symmetric and does not satisfy the triangle inequality ( making it a semi-quasimetric ).

Heaviside employed the curl and divergence operators of the vector calculus to reformulate 12 of these 20 equations into four equations in four variables ( B, E, J, and ρ ), the form by which they have been known ever since ( see Maxwell's equations ).

Covering the face is the subject of some divergence of opinion amongst the scholars – some consider it to be compulsory since the face is the major source of attraction, whilst others consider it to be highly recommended.

This historical reconstruction accords best with the observed levels of divergence within the family, whereby the most divergent languages are found furthest west ( since they constitute the earliest branchings during eastern migration ), and the shallowest subgroupings are found furthest to the east ( Eastern Algonquian, and arguably Core Central ).

The law can be expressed mathematically using vector calculus in integral form and differential form, both are equivalent since they are related by the divergence theorem, also called Gauss's theorem.

Since ξ is a dummy variable of integration, and since the change in the boundary Ω is infinitesimal by assumption, the two integrals may be combined using the four-dimensional version of the divergence theorem into the following form

Due to divergence in pronunciation since the time of borrowing, sometimes the pronunciation of a hanja and its corresponding hanzi may differ considerably.

British and American English ), since it does not have the Mindestabstand, or ' minimum divergence ' necessary to achieve language status through standardisation and codification.

Hence there is a wide divergence of opinion regarding the age, origin, contents, and value of the book, since it is variously regarded as the Temple era.

If we have a probability distribution, ρ, then ( since the phase space velocity () has zero divergence, and probability is conserved ) its convective derivative can be shown to be zero and so

The programmes of legislation enacted by the Scottish Parliament since 1999 have seen a divergence in the provision of public services compared to the rest of the United Kingdom.

The leafbirds are sometimes included in the family Irenidae with the fairy-bluebirds, but the time since the apparent divergence suggests that they are better treated as separate families.

# Population fragments are unlikely to divergence by natural selection since fragmentation (< 500 years ).

Note that just because a living fossil is a surviving representative of an archaic lineage does not necessarily require that it retains all of the " primitive " features ( plesiomorphies ) of the lineage it is descended from ; that is, they may possess one to many derived features ( autapomorphies ), that have evolved since the time of their lineage's divergence.

Now, since in one dimension, we can apply the divergence theorem, i. e., and substitute for the volume integral of the divergence with the values of evaluated at the cell surface ( edges and ) of the finite volume as follows:

Then, since the divergence of v is also zero, it follows from equation ( 1 ) that

Note that there is no reliable estimate of divergence time, as Otus and Megascops are osteologically very similar, as is to be expected from a group that has apparently conserved its ecomorphology since before its evolutionary radiation.

Prior to September 2010, there existed a typical price difference per barrel of between +/- 3 USD / bbl compared to WTI and OPEC Basket, however since the autumn of 2010 there has been a significant divergence in price compared to WTI, reaching over $ 11 a barrel by the end of February 2011 ( WTI: 104 USD / bbl, LCO: 116 USD / bbl ).

After this process occurs, the growth period of the cyclone, or cyclogenesis, ends, and the low begins to spin down ( fill ) as more air is converging into the bottom of the cyclone than is being removed out the top since upper-level divergence has decreased.

The Dalai Lama concluded that henceforth he would not give Tantric initiations to worshippers of Shugden, since " the unbridgeable divergence of their respective positions would inevitably undermine the sacred guru-student relationship, and thus compromise his role as a teacher ( and by extension his health ).

The New England Science Fiction Association review complimented Stirling on creating a detailed and fascinating society, though remarked that society in general had not changed since the original point of divergence 150 years ago.

When comparing a distribution against a fixed reference distribution, cross entropy and KL divergence are identical up to an additive constant ( since is fixed ): both take on their minimal values when, which is for KL divergence, and for cross entropy.

The service dress features a wide strip of gold braid around the cuff and, since June 2010, above it a narrower strip of gold braid embellished with the executive curl.

The hairstyle is also referred to by some as the " natural "— particularly the shorter, less elaborate versions of the Afro — since in most cases the hair is left untreated by relaxers or straightening chemicals and is instead allowed to express its natural curl or kinkiness.

For example, in one scene the Sultan groans inwardly when a new concubine is brought to his bed, since he does not feel sexual at all and would much rather send her away and curl up with a book.

Here, since the curl gives a scalar field in 2-dimensions ( vortex ) corresponding to the vector-valued velocity solving in the incompressible Navier – Stokes equations, we can integrate its square over a surface S to retrieve a continuous linear operator on the space of possible velocity fields, known as a current.

The term " absolute value " has been used in this sense since at least 1806 in French and 1857 in English.

Ambrosians is a term that might be applied either to members of one of the religious brotherhoods which at various times since the 14th century have sprung up in and around Milan or, exceptionally to a 16th century sect of Anabaptists.

While the term — literally meaning " sailing the air "— originally referred solely to the science of operating the aircraft, it has since been expanded to include technology, business and other aspects related to aircraft.

The term is always positive since, according to the second law of thermodynamics, viscosity cannot add energy to the control volume.

* In addition, Finnish, a Baltic-Finnic language, has calqued the Swedish term as Itämeri " East Sea ", disregarding the geography ( the sea is west of Finland ), though understandably since Finland was a part of Sweden from the Middle Ages until 1809.

Two years later, the re-elected Clinton became the first member of the Democratic Party since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win a second full term as president.

During Clinton's term, Arkansas performed its first executions since 1964 ( the death penalty had been re-enacted on March 23, 1973 ).

In the 1996 presidential election, Clinton was re-elected, receiving 49. 2 % of the popular vote over Republican Bob Dole ( 40. 7 % of the popular vote ) and Reform candidate Ross Perot ( 8. 4 % of the popular vote ), becoming the first Democratic incumbent since Lyndon Johnson to be elected to a second term and the first Democrat since Franklin Roosevelt to be elected President more than once.

Moreover, although Reverend Peters claimed that the term blue law was originally used by Puritan colonists, his work has since been found to be unreliable.

However, since " bronze " is a somewhat imprecise term, and historical pieces have variable compositions, in particular with an unclear boundary with brass, modern museum and scholarly descriptions of older objects increasingly use the more cautious and inclusive term " copper alloy " instead.

As a computing term, bootstrap has been used since at least 1953.

From 1907 on, English language articles sometimes used the term " Maximalist " for " Bolshevik " and " Minimalist " for " Menshevik ", which proved confusing since there was also a " Maximalist " faction within the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1904 – 1906 ( which after 1906 formed a separate Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists ) and then again after 1917.

In recent history, born again is a term that has been widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the late 1960s, first in the United States and then later around the world.

The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.

Originally a neutral term, since the mid-1960s it has acquired a somewhat derogatory meaning, implying a paranoid tendency to see the influence of some malign covert agency in events.

Eunuch is a more general term, since historically many eunuchs were castrated after puberty, castration thus having no effect on their voices.

The president is elected for a four-year term and, since 2005, can be re-elected for one consecutive term.

However the term inhibitor is preferred since they do not work by introducing a reaction path with higher activation energy ; this would not reduce the rate since the reaction would continue to occur by the non-catalyzed path.

Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.

The term, historically associated with right-wing politics, has since been used to describe a wide range of views.

In a historical or geopolitical sense the term usually refers collectively to Christian majority countries or countries in which Christianity dominates or was a territorial phenomenon .“ Christendom is originally a medieval concept steadily to have evolved since the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the gradual rise of the Papacy more in religio-temporal implication practically during and after the reign of Charlemagne ; and the concept let itself to be lulled in the minds of the staunch believers to the archetype of a holy religious space inhabited by Christians, blessed by God, the Heavenly Father, ruled by Christ through the Church and protected by the Spirit-body of Christ ; no wonder, this concept, as included the whole of Europe and then the expanding Christian territories on earth, strengthened the roots of Romance of the greatness of Christianity in the world .”