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Alphabets: < span style =" background-color: lightblue ; color: white ;"> Armenian alphabet | Armenian </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 008080 ; color: white ;"> Cyrillic | < font color =" white "> Cyrillic </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color: brown ; color: white ;"> Georgian alphabet | < font color =" white "> Georgian </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 0000FF ; color: white ;"> Greek alphabet | < font color =" white "> Greek </ font color > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# AAAAAA ; color: black ;"> Latin script | Latin </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# CCFF99 ; color: black ;"> Latin ( and Arabic script | Arabic ) </ span >, < span style =" background-color: cyan ; color: black ;"> Latin and Cyrillic </ span > Abjads: Arabic script | < span style =" background-color: green ; color: white ;"> Arabic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 00ff7f ; color: black ;"> Hebrew alphabet | Hebrew </ span > Abugidas: < span style =" background-color :# FFC000 ; color: black ;"> Indic scripts | North Indic </ span >, < span style =" background-color: orange ; color: black ;"> Indic scripts | South Indic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 66FF00 ; color: white ;"> Ge ' ez script | Ge ' ez </ span >, < span style =" background-color: olive ; color: white ;"> < font color =" white "> Tāna </ font > </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# FFFF80 ; color: black ;"> Canadian Aboriginal syllabics | Canadian Syllabic and Latin </ span > Logographic + syllabic: < span style =" background-color: red ; color: white ;"> Pure logographic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# DC143C ; color: white ;"> Mixed logographic and syllabaries </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# FF00FF ; color: black ;"> Featural-alphabetic syllabary + limited logographic </ span >, < span style =" background-color :# 800080 ; color: white ;"> Featural-alphabetic syllabary </ span >

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The title of Schiller's poem < em lang =" de ">" An die Freude "</ em > is literally translated as " To Joy ", but is normally called the " Ode to Joy ".

However, Beethoven did not retain this version, and kept rewriting until he had found its final form, with the words < em lang =" de ">" O Freunde, nicht diese Töne "</ em > (" O friends, not these tones ").

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The word " cipher " in former times meant " zero " and had the same origin: Middle French as < span lang =" fr "> cifre </ span > and Medieval Latin as cifra, from the Arabic صفر ṣifr = zero ( see Zero — Etymology ).

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A portrait of the three Consuls ,< span lang =" fr "> Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès </ span >, < span lang =" fr "> Napoleon I of France | Napoleon Bonaparte </ span > and < span lang =" fr "> Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance | Charles-François Lebrun </ span > ( left to right )

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Louis XVIII's restoration to the throne in 1814 was effected largely through the support of Napoleon's former foreign minister, < span lang =" fr "> Talleyrand </ span >, who convinced the victorious Allied Powers of the desirability of a < span lang =" fr "> Bourbon </ span > Restoration.

< span lang =" fr "> Louis </ span >, in accordance with the Declaration of Saint-Ouen, granted a written constitution, the Charter of 1814, which guaranteed a bicameral legislature with a hereditary / appointive Chamber of Peers and an elected Chamber of Deputies – their role was consultative ( except on taxation ), as only the King had the power to propose or sanction laws, and appoint or recall ministers.

Many of the legal, administrative, and economic reforms of the revolutionary period were left intact ; the Napoleonic Code, which guaranteed legal equality and civil liberties, the peasants ' biens nationaux, and the new system of dividing the country into < span lang =" fr "> départments </ span > were not undone by the new king.

After a first sentimental flush of popularity, < span lang =" fr "> Louis </ span >' gestures towards reversing the results of the French Revolution quickly lost him support among the disenfranchised majority.

< span lang =" fr "> Louis </ span >' chief ministers were at first moderate, including < span lang =" fr "> Talleyrand </ span >, the < span lang =" fr "> Duc de Richelieu </ span >, and < span lang =" fr "> Élie, duc Decazes </ span >; < span lang =" fr "> Louis </ span > himself followed a cautious policy.

Djolof expanded its dominance of small chiefdoms south of the Senegal River ( Waalo, Cayor Baol, Sine – Saloum ), bringing together all the Senegambia to which he gave religious and social unity: the " Grand Djolof " Jean Boulègue, Le grand Jolof, XIII < sup > e </ sup >- XVI < sup > e </ sup > siècle, vol.

* < span lang =" fr "> Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas </ span >

* Jean Marie Joseph Farina ( 1785 – 1864 ), Manufacturer of eau de Cologne, concession à perpétuité n < sup > os </ sup > 368 et 750 – 1881, ( 19th division )

< http :// www. jstor. org / stable / 3188273 >.</ ref > On that note, Lee A. Daniel categorizes critics of Carpentier into three groups: those that don't consider him a magical realist whatsoever ( Ángel Flores ), those that call him " a mágicorealista writer with no mention of his " lo real maravilloso " ( Gómez Gil, Jean Franco, Carlos Fuentes )," and those that use the two terms interchangeably ( Fernando Alegria, Luis Leal, Emir Rodriguez Monegal ).< ref > Daniel, Lee A.

An irregularity emerged in the election of < span lang =" fr "> Jean Baptiste Treilhard </ span >, who retired in favor of < span lang =" fr "> Gohier </ span >.

As the years would progress he would move to consolidate his own power as First Consul, and leave the two other consuls, < span lang =" fr "> Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès </ span > and < span lang =" fr "> Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance </ span >, as well as the Assemblies, weak and subservient.

< span lang =" fr "> Pichegru </ span > met < span lang =" fr "> Jean Victor Marie Moreau </ span >, one of < span lang =" fr "> Napoleon </ span >' s generals and a former protege of < span lang =" fr "> Pichegru </ span >, on 28 January 1804.

An 8000 m < sup > 2 </ sup > ( 86, 000 ft < sup > 2 </ sup >) expansion costing € 92 million designed by French architect Jean Nouvel opened October 2005.

The creation of the European Coal and Steel Community ( ECSC ) was first proposed by French foreign minister < span lang =" fr "> Robert Schuman </ span > and French economic theorist < span lang =" fr "> Jean Monnet </ span > on 9 May 1950 as a way to prevent further war between France and Germany.

< http :// www. biographi. ca / 009004-119. 01-e. php ?& id_nbr = 277 >.</ ref > The council was supposed to keep the power of governor in check ; however in reality, the governor held great influence over the Council through practicing the right of veto .< ref >" Jean Talon.