Albert B. Lord suggests that the Homeric poems were dictated to a scribe by a minstrel who held in his mind the poems fully matured but did not himself possess the knowledge of writing since it would be useless to his guild, and Magoun argues that the Beowulf poet and Cynewulf may have dictated their verse in the same fashion.

Strabo ( 14. 1. 37 ) records an Homeric temple in Smyrna with an ancient xoanon or cult statue of the poet.

In other words, Kirk argued that Homeric poems were recited under a system that gave the reciter much more freedom to choose words and passages to get to the same end than the Serbo-Croatian poet, who was merely " reproductive ".

He was the first Greek poet known to express concern over the eventual fate and survival of his own work and, along with Homer, Hesiod and the authors of the Homeric Hymns, he is among the earliest poets whose work has been preserved in a continuous manuscript tradition ( the work of other archaic poets is preserved as scattered fragments ).

He has been called, for example, " the first poet of the Greek city state " and, in a similar vein, " he has recaste the Homeric ideal of the single champion's arete ( excellence ) into the arete of the patriot ".

However, the Homeric questions led to his name becoming a byword for harsh and malignant criticism: in antiquity he gained the name Homeromastix, " scourge of Homer "; in the modern period, Cervantes calls Zoilus a " slanderer " in the preface to Don Quixote and there is also a ( now disused ) proverb, " Every poet has his Zoilus.

AD 12 ), a poet who wrote upon Homeric subjects.

Homeric epic is entirely composed of formulae handed down from poet to poet.

The narrative draws heavily on the legacy of the Homeric epics ; Book One even opens with an invocation of the Greek poet, who is likened to the blind character, Seven Seas.

The story indicates that Epimenides was probably heir to the shamanic religions of Asia, and proves together with the Homeric hymn, that Crete had a resisting religion up to the historical times.

The curtain-wall and towers of the Mycenaean citadel, its gate with heraldic lions, and the great " Treasury of Atreus " had borne silent witness for ages before Heinrich Schliemann's time ; but they were supposed only to speak to the Homeric, or, at farthest, a rude Heroic beginning of purely Hellenic civilization.

The Homeric Hymn to Delphic Apollo recalled that the ancient name of this site had been Krisa.

Most classical Greeks thought that the war was an historical event, but many believed that the Homeric poems had exaggerated the events to suit the demands of poetry.

Plutarch mentions an interesting element of Epirote folklore regarding Achilles: In his biography of King Pyrrhus, he claims that Achilles " had a divine status in Epirus and in the local dialect he was called Aspetos " ( meaning unspeakable, unspeakably great, in Homeric Greek ).

She had many names including Ninmah (" Great Queen "); Nintu (" Lady of Birth "); Mamma or Mami ( mother ); Aruru probably connected with Homeric arura ( arable land, land generally ).

The site of the Telesterion is believed to have had some temple since the 7th century BC, or the time of the Homeric Hymns to Demeter ( 650-550 BC ); the Telesterion had ten different building phases.

According to the post Homeric stories, Diomedes was given immortality by Athena, which she had not given to his father.

The curtain-wall and towers of the Mycenaean citadel, its gate with heraldic lions, and the great " Treasury of Atreus " had borne silent witness for ages before Heinrich Schliemann's time ; but they were supposed only to speak to the Homeric, or at farthest a rude Heroic beginning of purely Hellenic, civilization.

However, since his benefactor Maecenas was a native Etruscan, Virgil portrayed Mezentius as a tyrant, attributing to him personally the evils which the Greek authors had previously accused the Etruscans of, such as torture and savagery, an ethnic prejudice already present in the Homeric Hymns.

The ancient Greeks regarded the beard as a badge or sign of virility ; in the Homeric epics it had almost sanctified significance, so that a common form of entreaty was to touch the beard of the person addressed.

Lachmann's Betrachtungen über Homer's Iliad, first published in the Abhandlungen of the Berlin Academy in 1837 and 1841, in which he sought to show that the Iliad consists of eighteen independent " layers " variously enlarged and interpolated, had considerable influence on 19th century Homeric scholarship, although his views are no longer accepted.

From Charles Baudelaire to Tristan Tzara ( as, in painting, from Manet to Kandinsky ; or, in music, from Debussy to Luigi Russolo ), subsequent poets would deconstruct the grand edifice of poetry that had been developed over the centuries according to the Homeric model.

In 1922 the White Star Line gained Majestic and Homeric ; two former German liners which had been ceded to Britain as war reparations, ostensibly as a replacement for the war losses of the Britannic and Oceanic.

Of him, Theodor Mommsen said " It seemed as if, in that thoroughly prosaic age, one of the Homeric heroes had reappeared.

Cover Sir Alan Cobham had attempted to fly to New York from the RMS Homeric.

But after a narrow win in the Coronation Cup at Epsom Downs, by a neck from Homeric, he was found to be suffering from a heavy virus and the rematch had to be postponed.

The word may have had Homeric and heroic connotations that led Phillip and Alexander of Macedon to use it for an elite military unit.

He had a considerable reputation as a writer of English hexameters and as a judge of Homeric translation: his translation of a brief passage from the Iliad was described by Matthew Arnold, in On Translating Homer, as " the most successful attempt hitherto made at rendering Homer into English ".

Among the Homeric epithets that follow Parker from book to book is: ' He had to be a businessman of some kind.

In Homeric times, all strangers, without exception, were regarded as being under the protection of Zeus Xenios, the god of strangers and suppliants, and had the right to hospitality.

Parry and Lord, like the fictitious researchers in the novel, traveled to the Balkans to study changes in the oral transmission of epic poetry and song in order to demonstrate that Homer was not a single individual, but that the Homeric epics that have survived were versions of orally sung poetry that had been transcribed.

Gustavo Finali and Romano Boico had designed the ship's interiors, designers whose résumés included such ships as the Augustus and Raffaello ( of Italian Line ) and the Oceanic and Homeric ( of Home Lines ).

In Coriolanus the agnomen of Marcius is used deliberately and pointedly, but the Homeric epithets and the Anglo-Saxon kennings are used casually and recall to the hearer `` a familiar story or situation or a useful or pleasant quality of the referent ''.

The closest scrutiny is owed to the Anglo-Saxon kennings and the Homeric epithets ; ;

Oral narratives were often told in the form of rhyming or rhythmic verse, often including recurring sections or, in the case of Homer, Homeric epithets.

They are also given epithets, though these are not the traditional Homeric epithets: godly Antenor, upright Justice, reckless Outrage.

Perseus might be from the ancient Greek verb, " πέρθειν " ( perthein ), “ to waste, ravage, sack, destroy ”, some form of which appears in Homeric epithets.

their principles of composition stand very close to those which appear in the Homeric epics and the hexameter line.

The animistic idea as the representation of the imaginative reality, is sanctified in the Homeric poems and in Greek myths, in stories of the god Hephaestus ( Phaistos ) and the mythic Daedalus ( the builder of the labyrinth ) that made images which moved of their own accord.

A few years later, Ann Watts published a book in which she argued against the imperfect application of traditional, Homeric, oral-formulaic theory to Anglo-Saxon poetry.

For example, the name Delphi and its associated deity, Apollon Delphinios, are explained in the Homeric Hymn which tells of how Apollo carried Cretans over the sea in the shape of a dolphin () to make them his priests.

A similar model is found in the Homeric account of the 8th century BCE in which " Okeanos, the personified body of water surrounding the circular surface of the Earth, is the begetter of all life and possibly of all gods.

Herodotus employs a deceptively simple narrative style, in which the original Greek is Ionian in dialect, including some Homeric and other forms.

In the last few centuries, they have revolved around the process by which the Homeric poems came into existence and were transmitted over time to us, first orally and later in writing.

Some of the main trends in modern Homeric scholarship have been, in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Analysis and Unitarianism ( see Homeric Question ), schools of thought which emphasized on the one hand the inconsistencies in, and on the other the artistic unity of, Homer ; and in the 20th century and later Oral Theory, the study of the mechanisms and effects of oral transmission, and Neoanalysis, the study of the relationship between Homer and other early epic material.

It is probable, therefore, that the story of the Trojan War as reflected in the Homeric poems derives from a tradition of epic poetry founded on a war which actually took place.

We have little information about the early condition of the Homeric poems, but in the second century BC, Alexandrian editors stabilized this text from which all modern texts descend.

The Western tradition of hymnody begins with the Homeric Hymns, a collection of ancient Greek hymns, the oldest of which were written in the 7th century BC, praising deities of the ancient Greek religions.

* I-JA-TE: iātēr ( Homeric Greek: ιητήρ ), a word which occurs in Linear B as well.

The earliest attested occurrence of the name, written in Linear B, is Po-se-da-o or Po-se-da-wo-ne, which correspond to Poseidaōn and Poseidawonos in Mycenean Greek ; in Homeric Greek it appears as ( Poseidaōn ); in Aeolic as ( Poteidaōn ); and in Doric as ( Poteidan ), ( Poteidaōn ), and ( Poteidas ).

The Homeric hymn mentions the Nysion ( or Mysion ), probably a mythical place which didn ’ t exist in the map.

The Homeric hymn mentions the Nysion ( or Mysion ), probably a mythical place which didn ’ t exist in the map.

In the Homeric hymn the ritual is connected with the myth of the agricultural god Triptolemos The high point of the celebration was " an ear of corn cut in silence ", which represented the force of the new life.

In formal terms it is a hymn invoking Zeus and the Muses: parallel passages between it and the much shorter Homeric Hymn to the Muses make it clear that the Theogony developed out of a tradition of hymnic preludes with which an ancient Greek rhapsode would begin his performance at poetic competitions.

), Homeric Danaans, named, in myth, after Danaë, which suggests that the Perseids were in fact in some sort of dominion.

The earliest account of the origin of the Delphic oracle is provided in the Homeric Hymn to Delphic Apollo, which recent scholarship dates within a narrow range, ca.

While working upon the " Homeric catalogue ", as he called it, of the reinforcements coming to Minas Tirith, Tolkien devised the names Lossarnach, Anfalas, Lamedon and Pinnath Gelin, all of which appear on a new version of the map in final locations with the exception of Lamedon, first placed in northern Lebennin and later moved westward.

His 7 volume masterpiece, " The Golden Fleece " is a family saga through which European History is uniquely examined from its birth in Homeric Greece right up to Hitler's Third Reich.

In the Homeric poems the Acheron was described as a river of Hades, into which Cocytus and Phlegethon both flowed.

In the Homeric story, Orestes was a member of the doomed house of Atreus which is descended from Tantalus and Niobe.