When we look at countries like Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Burma, where substantial progress has been made in creating a minimum supply of modern men and of social overhead capital, and where institutions of centralized government exist, we find a second category of countries with a different set of problems and hence different priorities for policy.

When Pakistan clamped down in 2003 on the types of goods permitted duty-free transit, and introducing stringent measures and labels to prevent such practices, re-routing of goods through Iran from the Persian Gulf increased significantly.

Lord Mountbatten with Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the first Prime Minister of sovereign India in Government House, Lady Mountbatten standing to their left. When India and Pakistan attained independence on 15 August 1947, Mountbatten remained in New Delhi for ten months, serving as India's first governor general until June 1948.

When it became obvious that a military action in East Pakistan was inevitable, Admiral Ahsan resigned from his position as Martial Law Administrator in protest, and immediately flew back to Karachi, West Pakistan.

When he hesitated to do this, Pakistan launched a guerrilla onslaught meant to frighten its ruler into submission.

When British India became independent after the Second World War its Muslim inhabitants formed their own state consisting of two non-contiguous territorial entities: East and West Pakistan.

When civil war broke out in Pakistan in 1971, Bhutan was the first nation to recognize the new government of Bangladesh, and formal diplomatic relations were established in 1973.

When reports reached Patel that large groups of Sikhs were preparing to attack Muslim convoys heading for Pakistan, Patel hurried to Amritsar and met Sikh and Hindu leaders.

When the vote was completed, the vast majority of the residents of province voted in favour of Pakistan and the region was subsequently incorporated into the new country with full civic amenities and rights.

When armed infiltrators from Pakistan began entering the State of Jammu and Kashmir, Shastri made it clear to Pakistan that force would be met with force.

When the Muslims proposed the creation of an Islamic-majority Pakistan, many Sikhs staunchly opposed the concept.

When the cards were laid down, Captain Imran Khan had the last laugh when Richard Illingworth was caught by Ramiz Raja off his delivery to finish off the final and crown Pakistan World Champions of cricket.

When India attained independence on 15 August 1947, the British province of Bengal was divided into two, with West Bengal becoming part of India and East Bengal part of Pakistan.

When the seeds reached Los Angeles, a Mexican bank refused to honor Pakistan treasury's payment of US $ 100, 000, because the check contained three misspelled words.

When the referendum over accession to Pakistan was held, Badshah Khan and the Indian National Congress Party boycotted the referendum.

When India sought to deny Hyderabad the option of remaining independent, the Nizam considered acceeding to Pakistan.

When India gained independence in 1947 and Pakistan came into existence in 1947, the British left the local rulers of the princely states the choice of whether to join one of the new dominions or to remain independent.

When Bhutto heard Butt's reply, Bhutto was very much amused and said: " Well .... Much as I appreciate your enthusiasm, this is a very serious political decision, which Pakistan must make, and perhaps all Third World countries must make one day, because it is coming.

When he died in 1969 after a long illness, President Yahya Khan denied him a burial in Pakistan.

When the twenty-eighth session of the League met in Madras on 12 April 1941, Jinnah told party members that the ultimate aim was to obtain Pakistan.

When Pakistan was proclaimed a republic in 1956 the connection with the British monarchy ended, and the office of Governor-General was abolished.

When the Pakistan Rupee was issued prior to 1971 bearing both Urdu and Bengali alphabets ( the official languages of the West and East zones respectively ), the word taka was used in Bangla version instead of rupiya, as in Urdu version.

The monochrome combinations still existing in the 1950s are standardized by the International Telecommunication Union ( ITU ) as capital letters A through N. When color television was introduced, the hue and saturation information was added to the monochrome signals in a way that black & white televisions ignore.

When pro-reform forces came into power in the spring 1997, an ambitious economic reform package, including introduction of a currency board regime, was agreed to with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the economy began to stabilise.

When pro-reform forces came into power in the spring 1997, an ambitious economic reform package, including introduction of a currency board regime, was agreed to with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the economy began to stabilise.

When the administrative secretariats established by the Paris Convention ( 1883 ) and the Berne Convention ( 1886 ) merged in 1893, they located in Berne, and also adopted the term intellectual property in their new combined title, the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property.

When ICD-9 was published by the World Health Organization ( WHO ), the International Classification of Procedures in Medicine ( ICPM ) was also developed ( 1975 ) and published ( 1978 ).

N. T. Wright has written of previous NIV editions: When the New International Version was published in 1980, I was one of those who hailed it with delight.

* Goddard, Stacie E. " When Right Makes Might: How Prussia Overturned the European Balance of Power ," International Security, Volume 33, Number 3, Winter 2008 / 09, pp. 110 – 42 in Project MUSE, covers 1864 – 71

When Pervez Musharraf was returning from an official visit to Colombo his flight was denied landing permissions to Karachi International Airport after orders were issued from the Prime Minister's office.

When the International Mathematical Union in 1981 decided to create a prize, similar to the Fields Medal, in theoretical computer science and the funding for the price was secured from Finland, the Union decided to give Nevanlinna's name to the prize.

When first exhibited, Newcastle Brown Ale swept the board at the prestigious 1928 International Brewery Awards.

When, in 2002, 88 people were sentenced to execution, Amnesty International speculated that they could be executed by either hanging or crucifixion.

When the concept of the U. S. space station evolved into that of the International Space Station, which suffered from long delays and design changes before it could be completed, the service life of the Space Shuttle was extended several times until 2011 when it was finally retired — serving at least 15 years longer than it was originally designed to do.

Putnam ’ s activities with the American Library Association led him to join with Justin Winsor and Melvil Dewey as official delegates to the International Conference of Librarians in London in 1897 When Winsor died shortly thereafter, Putnam served the remainder of his term as President of the ALA.

" When the film had its premiere on opening night at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival, it was mercilessly drubbed, but no matter ; it was a smash ," observed the International Herald Tribune in a 2007 profile of Besson.

When Clara Barton returned to the United States, she inaugurated a movement to gain recognition for the International Committee of the Red Cross by the United States government.

When Williams was eight years old his father was promoted to a job at the home office of the International Shoe Company in St. Louis, Missouri in the Midwest.

When the Family Channel became too profitable for Robertson to keep it under the CBN umbrella without endangering CBN's non-profit status, he formed International Family Entertainment Inc. in 1990 with the Family Channel as its main subsidiary.

When Colbert received a Kennedy Center Honor, her fashion sense was referred to with a quotation from Jeanie Basinger in The International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers: " glamour is the sort that women attain for themselves by using their intelligence to create a timeless personal style.

When the decision to de-orbit Mir was made, Tito managed to switch his trip to the International Space Station ( ISS ) through a deal between MirCorp and U. S .- based Space Adventures, Ltd., despite strong opposition from senior figures at NASA ; from the beginning of the ISS expeditions, NASA stated it wasn't interested in space guests.

When Chalk's International Airlines existed, its headquarters was on the grounds of the airport in an unincorporated area.

When the International Amateur Athletic Federation decided in 1976 to recognize only world records for metric distances, it made an exception for the mile and records are kept to this day.

When he returned to Paris, he also went on to Russia to participate in the International Congress of Writers ' Solidarity towards the Soviet Regime ( not to be confused with the First Congress of Soviet Writers of 1934, which solidified the parameters for Socialist Realism ).

When approached in 1978 by primatologist Richard Wrangham to contribute funds to the new Digit Fund to prevent further poaching of mountain gorillas near Dian Fossey's Karisoke Research Station in Rwanda, the International Union for Conservation of Nature declined to provide funds to the cause.

* When Bubbles Burst ( PDF ), World Economic Outlook, International Monetary Fund, April 2003.

When, in 1912, the organizers of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition requested the bell for the 1915 fair in San Francisco, the city was reluctant to let it travel again.