Although we are still far from a complete understanding of these problems, as a first approximation, it is suggested that alterations in the hypothalamic balance with consequent changes in the hypothalamic-cortical discharges account for major changes in behavior seen in various moods and states of emotions in man and beast under physiological circumstances, in experimental and clinical neurosis, and as the result of psychopharmacological agents.

This reduces to the relationship: Af, where Af is the intercept at zero thickness of the extrapolation of the slope indicated in eqn. ( 1 ), Af is the thickness of the coating equivalent to the rounding off of the knife tip, Af is a straight line first approximation of this roundness, and the other symbols are equivalent to those of eqn. ( 1 ).

The luminous gain of a single stage with Af ( flux gain ) is, to a first approximation, given by the product of the photocathode sensitivity S ( amp / lumen ), the anode potential V ( volts ), and the phosphor conversion efficiency P ( lumen/watt ).

In practice, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function ( BRDF ) may be required to characterize the scattering properties of a surface accurately, although the albedo is a very useful first approximation.

A reasonable first approximation for planetary bodies

Then he came, in his words, to " the theory of symmetry: all governments and regimes to a first approximation are bad, all peoples are oppressed, and all are threatened by common dangers.

Anyone who wants to look at sunlight naturally wipes his eye clear first, in order to make, at any rate, some approximation to the purity of that on which he looks ; and a person wishing to see a city or country goes to the place in order to do so.

The bilinear transform essentially uses this first order approximation and substitutes into the continuous-time transfer function,

It means that a particular approximation is rigorously defined on first principles ( quantum theory ) and then solved within an error margin that is qualitatively known beforehand.

In 1840, Gauss published his influential Dioptrische Untersuchungen, in which he gave the first systematic analysis on the formation of images under a paraxial approximation ( Gaussian optics ).

Riemannian geometry generalizes Euclidean geometry to spaces that are not necessarily flat, although they still resemble the Euclidean space at each point " infinitesimally ", i. e. in the first order of approximation.

Integrating + 1. 7 ms / d / cy and centering the resulting parabola on the year 1820 yields ( to a first approximation ) 31 ×(( Year − 1820 )/ 100 )< sup > 2 </ sup > seconds for ΔT.

As a quick approximation of the error function, the first 2 terms of the Taylor series can be used:

As a first approximation, it is possible to view introns as unimportant sequences whose only function is to be removed from an unspliced precursor RNA in order to generate the functional mRNA, rRNA or tRNA product.

Given a function ƒ defined over the reals x, and its derivative ƒ < nowiki > '</ nowiki >, we begin with a first guess x < sub > 0 </ sub > for a root of the function f. Provided the function is reasonably well-behaved a better approximation x < sub > 1 </ sub > is

Particulars include only individuals of a certain kind: as a first approximation individuals with a definite place in space and time, such as persons and material objects or events, or which must be identified through such individuals, like smiles or thoughts.

A good first approximation of Wittgenstein's point is that meaning is a social event ; meaning happens between language users.

It is one of the first quantum mechanics problems taught in undergraduate physics courses, and it is commonly used as an approximation for more complicated quantum systems.

It is commonly assumed that this most-populated state is also the most thermodynamically stable conformation attainable for a given primary structure ; this is a reasonable first approximation but the claim assumes that the reaction is not under kinetic control-that is, that the time required for the protein to attain its native conformation before being translated is small.

The Christofides algorithm was one of the first approximation algorithms, and was in part responsible for drawing attention to approximation algorithms as a practical approach to intractable problems.

The force of gas pressure on the rotor ( to a first approximation ) goes directly to the center of the eccentric, part of the output shaft.

This is due to the fact that the capture of each hydrogen atom ( which can be considered, as a first approximation, to be in rest relative to the stars ) the ship is losing some momentum, which can be compensated only when the speed is below a certain limit.

For instance, retaining the first two terms of the series yields the second-order approximation to f ’( x ) mentioned at the end of the section Higher-order differences.

Almost all modern op-amps are monolithic ICs ; however, this first IC did not meet with much success.

Popcorn noise was first observed in early point contact diodes, then re-discovered during the commercialization of one of the first semiconductor op-amps ; the 709.

Unless all gadgets are properly operated -- and the wires and seals from the handles removed first -- no damage can be done.

His first inaugural address speaks of `` my country whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love ''.

`` History has this in common with every other science: that the historian is not allowed to claim any single piece of knowledge, except where he can justify his claim by exhibiting to himself in the first place, and secondly to any one else who is both able and willing to follow his demonstration, the grounds upon which it is based.

It might be well to consider the literary evidence first because it can provide us with an answer to one important question ; ;

But as he remarks in his preface to The Walnut Trees, `` a novel can hardly ever be rewritten '', and `` when this one appears in its final form, the form of the first part will no doubt be radically changed ''.

And there must be many Soviet citizens who know what is going on and who realize that before they can hope to enjoy the full life promised for 1980 they and their children must first survive.

We must, first of all, be willing to forgive others before we can secure God's forgiveness.

This type of borrowing can be reduced to a minimum if quarterly installment payment of taxes is instituted and the first payment placed near the opening of the fiscal year.

What type of action can hope to win public support, first in this country and then abroad??

`` Speed in painting a picture is valid only when it imparts spontaneity and crispness, but unless the artist has lots of experience so that he can control rapid execution, he would do well to take these first sketches and soberly reorder their design to achieve a unified composition.

At first each child should do a kick-up by himself so that the teacher can determine those ready to work alone, and those who need help.

You can save all that shimming time if you set your windows in one, two, three order -- first the stud on one side, then the window, then the stud on the other side.

For example, instead of putting in your driveways last ( as many builders do ) you can now save money by putting them in first.

Instead of closing the house in first ( as most builders do ) you can now cut your costs by not closing it in until you have to ( see p 121 ).

We observe first that no line, l, can meet its image except at one of its intersections with Q.

But first, we must define two terms so that their meaning will be clearly understood: form -- any unique sequence of alphabetic characters that can appear in a language preceded and followed by a space ; ;

In the Steiners have busy lives without visiting relatives only context can indicate whether visiting relatives is equivalent in meaning to paying visits to relatives or to relatives who are visiting them, and in I looked up the number and I looked up the chimney only the meanings of number and chimney make it clear that up is syntactically a second complement in the first sentence and a preposition followed by its object in the second.

The child in the primary grades can play harmoniously with one companion, but his desire to be first in everything gets him into trouble when the group gets larger ; ;

But before we can do this, we must first find answers to our original questions 1 and 2 ; ;

And the same thing, more or less, can be said of the contents of Picasso's first collage.

The second productive period, the decade from 1910 to 1920, can be related to three events: the completion of The Dynasts in 1909, which left Hardy free of pressure for the first time in forty years ; ;

no strikingly effective element of speech in the extant poems can with assurance be said not to have been a commonplace in the vaster epic corpus that may have existed at the beginning of the first millennium before Christ.

These theoretical relationships are more clearly illustrated in Fig. 7 and their sum can be seen to correlate in form with practical measurements made with the Hesiometer as illustrated in the first portion of Fig. 5 for the cutting mechanism.

Although the first polyether foams on the market had to be produced by the two-step prepolymer method, today, thanks to new catalysts, they can be produced by a one-shot technique.

So far in history man has been too greatly over-occupied with projecting things into his environment rather than first creating the sort of person who can make the highest use of the things he has created.