A colony there would be of great assistance to the British Navy in facilitating attacks on the Spanish possessions in Chile and Peru, as Banks's collaborators, James Matra, Captain Sir George Young and Sir John Call pointed out in written proposals on the subject.

So, Bogotá became one of the principal administrative centers of the Spanish possessions in the New World, along with Lima and Mexico City, though it remained somewhat backward compared to those two cities in several economic and logistical ways.

In the autumn he had made a will bequeathing the whole of the Spanish possessions to Prince Philip of Bourbon, a grandson of Louis XIV backed by France.

* 1721 March – Philip V of Spain requested the restitution of Gibraltar to proceed to the renewal of the trade licences of Great Britain with the Spanish possessions in America.

With the resources thus gained he undertook to enable Philip V to carry out an ambitious foreign policy to undo the Treaty of Utrecht, with the aim of countering the Habsburgs and recovering Spanish possessions in Italy, where he was responsible for unwarranted invasions of Sardinia ( November 1717, strongly supported by Sardinian politician Vicente Bacallar ) and Sicily ( July 1718 ), in spite of promises made to the Pope, while pressing Spanish causes in France with the Cellamare Conspiracy.

In 1899, Spain sold its remaining Pacific islands — the Northern Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands and Palau — to Germany and Spanish colonial possessions were reduced to Spanish Morocco, Spanish Sahara and Spanish Guinea, all in Africa.

Through this agreement with Spain in 1956 and another in 1958, Moroccan control over certain Spanish-ruled areas was restored, though attempts to claim other Spanish possessions through military action were less successful.

The Spanish enclave of Ifni in the south became part of the new Morocco in 1969, but other Spanish possessions in the north ( Ceuta, Melilla and some small islands ) remain under Madrid's control, with Morocco viewing them as occupied territory.

In 1556, Charles V abdicated in favour of his son Philip II and his brother Ferdinand I. Charles's Italian possessions, including Milan, passed to Philip II and the Spanish line of Habsburgs, while Ferdinand's Austrian line of Habsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire.

After his death, the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701 with the occupation of all Spanish possessions by French troops backing the claim of the French Philippe of Anjou to the Spanish throne.

Other provinces corresponding to modern Ecuador, the eastern and southern parts of today's Venezuela, and Panama came together in a political unit under the jurisdiction of Bogotá, confirming that city as one of the principal administrative centers of the Spanish possessions in the New World, along with Lima and Mexico City.

The Belgian and Luxemburgian territories ( except the Bishopric of Liège ) were transferred to the Austrian Habsburgs ( 1713 – 1794 ) after the War of the Spanish Succession when the French Bourbon Dynasty inherited Spain at the price of abandoning many Spanish possessions.

When the War of the Polish Succession began in 1733, Philip and Elisabeth saw another opportunity to advance the claims of their sons and recover at least part of the former possessions of the Spanish crown on the Italian peninsula.

The conflict significantly weakened the authority and military power of the Spanish Empire, especially after the Battle of Trafalgar, which seriously hampered the contact of Spain with its American possessions.

This situation prevailed until 1639 when most of Alsace was conquered by France to prevent it falling into the hands of the Spanish Habsburgs, who wanted a clear road to their valuable and rebellious possessions in the Spanish Netherlands.

At once my ears were drowned by a flow of what I took to be Spanish, but -- the driver's white teeth flashing at me, the road wildly veering beyond his glistening hair, beyond his gesticulating bottle -- it could have been the purest Oxford English I was half hearing ; ;

Dresses were short in the days of Mrs. Coolidge, and Spanish shawls were thrown over them.

The ll and ch were also considered single letters, but in 1994 the Real Academia Española changed collating order so that ll is between lk and lm in the dictionary and ch is between cg and ci, and in 2010 the tenth congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies changed it so they were no longer letters at all < ref > Real Academia Española.

These villages, called pueblos by Spanish settlers, were often only accessible by rope or through rock climbing.

With the 1994 passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the following words were used to label the United States Section of that organization: in French, étatsunien ; in Spanish, estadounidense.

Although Andean Amerindian peoples crafted ceremonial jewelry of gold and other metals the mineralizations of the Andes were first mined in large scale after the Spanish arrival.

Potosí in present-day Bolivia and Cerro de Pasco in Peru were one of the principal mines of the Spanish Empire in the New World.

After the Spanish conquest, cultivation of amaranth was outlawed, while some of the festivities were subsumed into the Christmas celebration.

But the republicans were not in agreement either, and they had to contend with the War in Cuba, the Islamist terrorists in Spanish Morocco and the continuance of the Carlist Wars.

Her symbolic role in this unique mission to the Spanish Court was intended to emphasize the international links which were forged by her 16th-century ancestor, Ieyasu Tokugawa.

Stradling and half a dozen of the crew survived the loss of their ship, but were made prisoners by the Spanish, as the War of the Spanish Succession was going on ( England and the Netherlands were in conflict with France and Spain over who was to be King of Spain ).

Two vessels had arrived and departed before his escape, but both were Spanish.

The Spanish in Florida originally introduced sheep to the New World, but this development never quite reached the North, and there they were introduced by the Dutch and English.

Ben Adret, with the approval of other prominent Spanish rabbis, sent a letter to the community at Montpellier proposing to forbid the study of philosophy to those who were less than twenty-five years of age, and, in spite of keen opposition from the liberal section, a decree in this sense was issued by Ben Adret in 1305.

Specifically, the Yemeni Arabs were unhappy that the prince was mounted on a fine Spanish steed.

The Basque language became the main everyday language, while other languages like Spanish, Gascon, French, or Latin were preferred for the administration and high education.

The Spanish were the first Europeans to see bouncing rubber balls ( albeit solid and not inflated ) which were employed most notably in the Mesoamerican ballgame.

The Dutch, however, who clung to their troops for their country's protection, were against any adventurous military operation as far south as the Danube and would never willingly permit any major weakening of the forces in the Spanish Netherlands.

When Napoleon's ship had borne him to Elba, French wines had started to cross the Channel, the first shipments in a dozen war-ridden years, but the supplies had not yet reached rural hostelries where the sweet wines of the Spanish peninsula still ruled.

After Columbus ' arrival, Cuba became a Spanish colony, ruled by a Spanish governor in Havana.

As the Spanish Equatorial Region, it was ruled by a governor general exercising military and civilian powers.

Since then, the country has had two presidents: Francisco Macías Nguema, the former mayor of Mongomo under the Spanish colonial government, and Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo ( Macías's nephew ), who has ruled since 1979 when he staged a military coup d ' état and executed Macías.

Although colloquially and literarily the expression " King of Spain " or " King of the Spains " was already widespread, and the two crowns were ruled by the same monarch, they retained their individual institutions and identity until 1812, with the enactment of the Spanish Constitution of 1812.

For a time, the Spanish Empire dominated the oceans with its experienced navy and ruled the European battlefield with its fearsome and well trained infantry, the famous, in the words of the prominent French historian Pierre Vilar, " enacting the most extraordinary epic in human history ".

Jaragua was the largest caique on the island and ruled by Bohechío and his sister Anacaona, who ruled from its capital Yaguana near present day Leogane, and later came into conflict with the Spanish.

Italian often was an official language of the various Italian states predating unification, slowly usurping Latin, even when ruled by foreign powers ( such as the Spanish in the Kingdom of Naples, or the Austrians in the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia ), even though the masses spoke primarily vernacular languages and dialects.

Later Milan became the capital of the Duchy of Milan, being ruled by the Visconti, the Sforza, the Spanish and the Austrians.

Having outlived his father Philip, Charles succeeded Maximilian as Holy Roman Emperor in 1519, and thus ruled both the Holy Roman Empire and the Spanish Empire simultaneously.

Eventually the Crown of Aragon, which then ruled Malta, joined with Castile in 1479, and Malta became part of the Spanish Empire.

Later came the Habsburgs of Spain although Reggio was ruled by a viceroy from 1504 to 1713 ; the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily were in fact part of the Spanish crown territories.

Finally, by 1714, the Spanish ceased to rule Naples as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession ; it was the Austrian Charles VI who ruled from Vienna, similarly, with viceroys.

Since its origins at the turn of the 12th century, Sassari has been ruled by the Giudicato of Torres, the Pisans, the Sassaresi themselves in alliance with Genoa, the Catalan-Aragonese and the Spanish, all of whom have contributed to Sassari's historical and artistic heritage.

Six officials, among them Efraín Ríos Montt and Óscar Humberto Mejía, were formally charged on 7 July 2006 to appear in the Spanish National Court after Spain's Constitutional Court ruled in September 2005, the Spanish Constitutional Court declaration that the " principle of universal jurisdiction prevails over the existence of national interests ", following the Menchu suit brought against the officials for atrocities committed in the Guatemalan Civil War

Other Sephardim remained in Spain and Portugal as Anusim ( forced converts to Catholicism ), which would also be the fate for those who had migrated to Spanish and Portuguese ruled Latin America.

After the death of Moctezuma II, the empire fell into the hands of severely weakened emperors, such as Cuitláhuac, before eventually being ruled by puppet rulers, such as Andrés de Tapia Motelchiuh, installed by the Spanish.

It was also briefly ruled by Dutch ( 1624 – 1662 ) and the Spanish ( 1626 – 1642, Northern Taiwan only ).

The Chafarinas Islands are one of the Spanish ruled territories on North Africa off the Moroccan coast known as plazas de soberanía.